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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the study was to investigate dysfunctions in families with a member suffering from endogenous monopolar depression during the acute phase by means of a case-control study, and to consider the possibilities of psychiatric intervention for families with a patient in the course of monopolar depression. Twenty patients with monopolar depression during the acute phase and family members living in the same household (Depressive families) were compared with twenty-seven non-clinical college students and their family members (Control families) with regard to family functioning assessed by the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Depressive families reported significantly worse family functioning than Control families, especially in three areas: Problem Solving, Communication, and General Functioning. Members of Depressive families also perceived their family functioning to be significantly poorer than that of Control families, in the areas of Problem Solving, Communication, Roles, Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement and General Functioning, which yielded the same result as a comparison between depressive couples and control couples. The pattern of family dysfunction that was found in the present study, especially in the three areas of family functioning, Problem Solving, Communication, and General Functioning, emphasizes the importance of appropriate family intervention to improve the family's competence in problem solving and to promote better communication in the family during the acute phase of endogenous monopolar depression. Additionally such family dysfunction has been similarly observed in North American studies, indicating that diverse problems emerge beyond differences in the cultural background of families containing a patient with endogenous monopolar depression.
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PMID:Characteristics of family functioning in patients with endogenous monopolar depression. 1216 46

The purposes of the present study were threefold: (a) to assess the prevalence levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of Mexican migrant farm workers in the midwestern United States; (b) to explore the relationships among acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression; and (c) to examine the variables that best predict anxiety and depression. The overall sample revealed elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Migrant farm workers with heightened levels of acculturative stress were more likely to report high levels of anxiety and depression. Family dysfunction, ineffective social support, low self-esteem, lack of agreement with the decision to migrate, high education levels, high levels of acculturative stress, and high levels of anxiety were significantly associated with high depression levels. The overall findings suggest that migrant farm workers who experience elevated levels of acculturative stress may be at risk for experiencing high levels of anxiety and depression. The findings highlight the importance of establishing prevention and treatment services for migrant farm workers that aim to increase levels of emotional support, self-esteem, and coping skills.
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PMID:Exploring the mental health of Mexican migrant farm workers in the Midwest: psychosocial predictors of psychological distress and suggestions for prevention and treatment. 1243 Oct 34

This community study assigned 129 4-year-olds to groups at risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), both ADHD and ODD, or no problems. Mothers of children at risk for ODD reported more family dysfunction, felt less competent as parents, suggested fewer solutions to child behavior problems, demonstrated a less assertive approach to child management, and reported more child internalizing problems than did mothers of children not elevated on ODD symptoms. Mothers of children at risk for ADHD reported higher personal depression scores than did those of the non-ADHD subgroup. Children at risk for ADHD evidenced the most difficulties in school where teachers reported more social behavior, classroom management, and internalizing problems relative to other children not at risk for ADHD. When solving child management problems, mothers of children in all groups suggested twice as many controlling/negative management strategies as positive/preventive strategies. In addition, faced with oppositional and conduct problems, mothers of children in all groups increased controlling/negative suggestions and decreased positive/preventive suggestions. Mothers of girls at risk for ADHD, ODD, and ADHD/ODD gave more rewards per positive behavior than did mothers of boys.
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PMID:Preschoolers at risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: family, parenting, and behavioral correlates. 1248 71

Family Focused Grief Therapy (FFGT) is a new model of brief intervention, which is commenced during palliative care for those families shown to be at high risk of poor adaptation, and continued preventively into bereavement with the aim of improving family functioning and reducing the morbid consequences of grief. In this paper, baseline data on 81 families (363 individuals) selected by screening from a palliative care population are explored to confirm our previously reported observation that high levels of psychosocial morbidity are positively associated with worsening family dysfunction. The Family Relationships Index (FRI) was used for screening and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) as an independent family outcome measure. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) were the psychosocial measures. Families were classified according to their functioning based on the FRI. To allow for correlated family data, statistical analyses employed the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method, controlling for gender and depression (BDI). Screening of 257 families (701 individuals) revealed 74 (29%) well-functioning families and 183 (71%) at some risk of morbid outcome. Of the latter, 81 (44%) gave informed consent to enter a randomized controlled trial of FFGT. Patients had a mean age of 57 years, 51% were male and they suffered from cancer, with a median length of illness from diagnosis to death of 25 months. In accordance with the FFGT model, their family types were identified as Intermediate 51%, Sullen 26% and Hostile 23%. These were significantly associated with steadily increasing levels of distress (BSI) and poor social adjustment (SAS). The FAD confirmed the concurrent accuracy of the FRI. As significantly greater levels of psychosocial morbidity were present in families whose functioning as a group was poorer, support was generated for a clinical approach that screens for families rather than individuals at high risk. The predictive validity of the FRI as a screening measure was confirmed. Overall, these baseline data point to the importance of a family-centred model of care.
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PMID:Psychosocial morbidity associated with patterns of family functioning in palliative care: baseline data from the Family Focused Grief Therapy controlled trial. 1452 87

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in a myriad of symptoms across physical, cognitive, and neurobehavioral domains. Despite inherent limitations associated with physical or cognitive impairments, the extant literature suggests that neurobehavioral symptoms tend to be the most distressing symptoms for the family and are more strongly related to poor outcome for the patient. The Neuropsychology Behavior and Affect Profile (NBAP) along with the General Functioning subscale of the Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF) and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered to 153 family members of persons who had sustained a TBI. The results provide new normative data and statistical support for the NBAP as a promising measure of neurobehavioral symptomatology following TBI. The correlation of.54 (p <.01) between FAD-GF and Full Scale NBAP scores provides powerful support for the hypothesis that family dysfunction is related to the presence of neurobehavioral symptoms in the patient. NBAP domains of Depression, Inappropriateness, Pragnosia, and Indifference appear most strongly related to family functioning and also bear a significant relationship to caregiver stress level and patient unemployment, whereas injury severity had little impact on either family functioning or neurobehavioral symptoms. The findings reinforce the significance of neurobehavioral symptoms and fortify their proposed link to family dysfunction post-TBI.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral symptoms and family functioning in traumatically brain-injured adults. 1459 Jun 29

Childhood maltreatment strongly predicts poor psychiatric and physical health outcomes in adulthood. This overview of the literature shows that individuals who suffer abuse, neglect, or serious family dysfunction as children are more likely to be depressed, to experience other types of psychiatric illness, to have more physical symptoms (both medically explained and unexplained), and to engage in more health-risk behaviors than their nonabused counterparts. The more severe the abuse, the stronger the association with poor outcomes in adulthood. Childhood sexual abuse in particular has been repeatedly associated, in adulthood, with physical complaints such as chronic pain that are likewise associated with depression. Individuals with a history of childhood abuse, particularly sexual abuse, are more likely than individuals with no history of abuse to become high utilizers of medical care and emergency services. Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent among both men and women, especially in specialty settings such as emergency psychiatric care.
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PMID:Relationships between childhood maltreatment, adult health and psychiatric outcomes, and medical utilization. 1531 72

Behavioral problems, such as the inattentive form of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression, are common in children and adolescents with epilepsy and especially associated with central nervous system damage, family dysfunction, and severe seizures. This article discusses the risk factors to be considered when focusing on the prevalence of behavioral problems, the family factors that influence their incidence, as well as the differential diagnosis of behavioral disorders commonly associated with epilepsy. It also considers the assessment of these behavioral disorders and their treatment with psychotherapy, education, and a variety of psychopharmacological agents.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with epilepsy. 1535 41

The Family Relationships Inventory (FRI) has been proposed as a measure of psychological risk however its validity has only been tested in one cross-sectional study against another measure of family functioning where patients had less than six months to live. The current study presented longitudinal data on the validity of the FRI in identifying family dysfunction, and clinical levels of depression and anxiety in 48 families where the patient had been recently diagnosed. Over the three phases, the FRI identified all families at risk of family dysfunction, 88% or more families with one or more members with clinical depression and 78% or more with a member with clinical levels of anxiety. The FRI was also far more sensitive in identifying families with a member with clinical levels of depression and anxiety than the General Functioning (FAD-GF) scale of the Family Assessment Device. Although other measures of screening adequacy (such as specificity), suggested that the FRI identified too many false positives, the higher sensitivity of the FRI makes it preferable to the FAD-GF as a screening measure for families at risk of a poor psychological outcome in the oncology setting. However, because of the FRI's poor specificity, further follow-up of those families that are identified as being at some risk of a poor psychological outcome should be undertaken before referral to a mental health professional is warranted.
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PMID:The validity of the family relationships index as a screening tool for psychological risk in families of cancer patients. 1554 24

No previous studies have examined the psychological functioning of immigrant farmworkers in the midwest United States. The purposes of the present study were threefold: (1) to assess the prevalence levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of Mexican immigrant farmworkers in the midwest United States; (2) to explore the relationships among acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression; and (3) to examine the variables that best predict anxiety and depression. The overall sample revealed elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Immigrant farmworkers with heightened levels of acculturative stress reported high levels of anxiety and depression. Family dysfunction, ineffective social support, low self-esteem, lack of choice in the decision to immigrate and live a migrant farmworker lifestyle, high education levels, and low levels of religiosity were significantly associated with high levels of anxiety and depression. The overall findings suggest that Mexican immigrant farmworkers who experience elevated levels of acculturative stress may be "at risk" for experiencing high levels of anxiety and depression. The findings highlight the importance of establishing prevention and treatment services for migrant farmworkers that aim to increase levels of emotional support, self-esteem, and coping skills.
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PMID:Acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression among Mexican immigrant farmworkers in the midwest United States. 1622 45

The purpose of this study was to examine reports of adherence to oral medications, parent-child concordance in reports of adherence, and factors associated with poor adherence in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Participants were 50 children with IBD 11 to 17 years of age and their parents. Parents completed an adherence interview and the Child Behavior Checklist, Family Assessment Device, and demographics questionnaires. Separately, adolescents completed the adherence interview and the Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale, Children's Depression Inventory, and Coping Strategies Inventory questionnaires. The treating gastroenterologists of participating children completed the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index during a clinic visit within a week of completion of the questionnaires. Mean parent- and child-reported adherence scores fell between the "most of the time" and "always" categories, although perfect adherence was low. Among IBD-specific medications (5-ASAs, immunomodulators, steroids), 48% of children and 38% of parents reported being always adherent to all medications. Parent-child concordance was high. Family dysfunction and poor child coping strategies were associated with worse adherence. The correlation between more behavioral/emotional problems and lower adherence approached significance. Adherence should be monitored in families that lack appropriate child discipline and in children who cope by simply wishing stressors would go away. Because these issues are associated with poor adherence, it has been suggested that psychotherapy addressing these areas may contribute to improved adherence.
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PMID:Oral medication adherence in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. 1623 47


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