Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Impulsive aggression is associated with central serotonergic dysfunction. Animal models particularly implicate the 5-HT(1A) receptor in this behavior. We tested the hypothesis that central 5-HT(1A) receptor function is impaired in impulsive aggressive personality disorder patients. A total of 52 individuals with DSM-III-R personality disorders, all medically healthy adult outpatients without concurrent psychiatric medication treatment, underwent serial plasma cortisol, prolactin, and temperature measurements before and after ipsapirone 20 mg oral administration. Subjects completed self-report measures of impulsivity, hostility, depression and anxiety, and childhood maltreatment. Stepwise regression analysis revealed impulsivity alone among symptom measures to be associated with significantly decreased peak cortisol and prolactin responses. Diagnoses of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and intermittent explosive disorder-revised (IED-R) were associated with significantly increased and decreased cortisol responses, respectively. However, post hoc analyses indicated that impulsivity was significantly negatively correlated with cortisol responses in the BPD group, and may mediate the association of both BPD and IED-R with altered cortisol responses. Temperature response was associated with neither diagnostic nor symptom measures. Neither diagnostic nor dimensional measures of depression or anxiety, nor severity of childhood maltreatment, were significantly associated with cortisol, prolactin, or temperature responses. Impulsivity is related to impaired function at (or downstream to) postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors, and this relationship may be partly responsible for the association of impaired serotonergic function with diagnoses such as BPD and IED-R. In addition, D(2) receptor dysfunction may play a role in impulsivity, whereas 5-HT(1A) cell-body autoreceptor function may be spared in these disorders.
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PMID:Blunted hormone responses to Ipsapirone are associated with trait impulsivity in personality disorder patients. 1612 61

The objective was to discover possible psychological factors influencing treatment outcome for headache patients referred to psychological treatment in a tertiary headache centre by initial assessment using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III). The MCMI-III was administered to 136 referred patients. Patients with valid protocols who had completed their treatment by October 2003 were included. Multidisciplinary treatment was offered including psychological treatment, mainly pain and stress management, pharmacological treatment and physiotherapy. Medians of MCMI-III scales for patients with and without reduction in headache frequency were compared. All of the eligible 58 patients were included in the study. Patients with reduction in headache frequency after treatment had lower scores on the MCMI-III Somatoform, Major depression and Avoidant personality pattern scales and higher scores on the Alcohol Dependence, Self-Defeating personality pattern, Depressive personality pattern, Drug Dependence, Aggressive personality pattern and Bipolar: Manic scales before treatment compared to patients without effect. Patients with a positive treatment effect reported less symptoms of depression and seemed less inclined to somatisation than non-responders. Responders also appeared more likely to experience increased social or occupational distress and report difficulties with handling emotions and an enduring tendency to focus on negative aspects of the self-image. The results can give valuable information regarding treatment planning and development.
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PMID:Predictors of treatment outcome in headache patients with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III). 1722 38

Nowadays obesity is recognized to be one of the greatest public health problems worldwide. There is no indication that the huge increase in obesity seen the last decades is declining. The examination of psychological aspects of persons with morbid obesity is essential. Identification of the psychological factors associated with weight loss expands our knowledge about behaviors which are crucial in order to avoid failures in treatment. Most information on this is obtained preoperatively. Although there is no single personality type characteristic of the morbidly obese, they differ from the general population as their self-esteem and impulse control is lower. They have passive dependent and passive aggressive personality traits, as well as a trend for somatization and problem denial. Their thinking is usually dichotomous and catastrophic. Obese patients also show low cooperativeness and fail to see the self as autonomous and integrated. In the morbidly obese before undergoing surgical treatment, unusual prevalence of psychopathology, namely depression and anxiety disorders, is observed. They are subject to prejudice and discrimination and should be treated with concern to help alleviate their feelings of rejection and guilt. Information on the psychological profile of obese persons is limited. Future studies are warranted, since there is a pressured need for these people to built cognitive skills and control their body weight.
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PMID:Psychological profile of obese patients. 1860 13