Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with left hemisphere disease have been noted to be depressed while those with right hemisphere disease appear indifferent. While patients with left hemisphere disease frequently have a greater cognitive deficit, patients with right hemisphere disease have difficulty in expressing affectively intoned speech. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) can demonstrate underlying affective experience and is not dependent on affectively intoned speech. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a difference in affective moods, as assessed by the MMPI, was related to laterality of lesion in patients matched for severity of cognitive and motor dysfunction. Seven of the 16 subjects with left hemisphere dysfunction and none of the eight subjects with right hemisphere dysfunction showed an elevation on the depression scale. This observation not only confirms previous clinical observations but also demonstrates that these asymmetries cannot be ascribed completely to hemisphere-related differences in cognitive deficits or expressive abilities.
 ...
PMID:Hemispheric asymmetries of affective processing as determined by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 66 Feb 13

This study investigated the relationship between depression, physical disability, cognitive deficit and brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with early MS. Eighteen relapsing-remitting MS patients were evaluated: depression was diagnosed according to DSM-III R and measured by the MMPI depression subscale, physical disability was assessed by using the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and cognitive functions by means of an extensive neuropsychological test battery. A neuroradiologist blinded to clinical findings quantified cerebral lesion on MRI. Weighted brain area lesion score were developed according to number and size of cerebral lesions. On the basis of DSM-III criteria, six patients were classified as having major depression, seven patients had minor depression and five patients were without depressive symptoms. No significant differences were found among the three groups on both neuropsychological performances and weighted MRI lesion scores. However patients with major depression exhibit greater physical disability than the other MS subgroups. A significant correlation was found between MMPI depression subscale and physical disability. This study suggests that at least in the early phase of MS, depression appears more related to the physical disability than to the severity of pathological brain involvement.
 ...
PMID:Depression in the early phase of MS: influence of functional disability, cognitive impairment and brain abnormalities. 145 80

Two hundred and four patients, 70-85 years old, were included in a double-blind (Duxil/placebo), controlled, multicentric study. The inclusion criteria were a subjective complaint of a cognitive deficiency and a cognitive deficit objectively determined using the Folstein mini-mental state test and the Sandoz geriatric clinical evaluation score. The patients, treated for 6 months, were examined at the onset of the study (T0), then 3 (T3) and 6 months (T6) later. The assessment criteria included: a visual self-evaluation test measuring cognitive function and the following psychometric tests: trail making A (TMA), memorization of a shopping list, verbal fluidity, letter identification, repetition of a story, immediate recall of numbers and immediate visual memory. Anxiety and depression evaluations were also used to assess the effects of Duxil on the affective state. Statistical analysis of the observations made on the entire population did not reveal a significant difference between the treated group and the control placebo group, in terms of assessment criteria, between T0 and T6. However, this lack of a difference could be explained, in part, by the very wide variation in the initial psychometric performance scores of the subjects. In an attempt to control this possible bias, another statistical analysis was made for each psychometric test, after the patients had been divided into 3 classes based on their initial performance scores. The results of this second analysis showed that Duxil was able to improve memory performances in TMA and number retention better than the placebo. However, this effect was limited to the group of patients whose initial scores were in the intermediate class for TMA. These findings suggest that Duxil improves the concentrating ability of patients with light to moderate deficits in this function.
 ...
PMID:[Duxil and cognitive deficiency in the elderly. Results of a 6-month controlled multicenter study]. 208 83

Sixty male outpatients with no past neuropsychiatric history were examined for evidence of early HIV-related neuropsychological impairment. Significant cognitive deficit, as measured by the RAVLT and WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution tests, and moderate correlation with indices of immune function, were observed in a group of patients with AIDS-Related Complex [ARC]. Patients with asymptomatic HIV-infection demonstrated no significant differences in performance compared to a group of HIV-seronegative controls. No significant group differences in age, education, predicted-IQ or self-rated depression and anxiety were observed. These results support the hypothesis that HIV-related cognitive disturbance occurs within the context of immunosuppression.
 ...
PMID:Early HIV-related neuropsychological impairment: relationship to stage of viral infection. 225 36

Exposure to organic solvents has been linked repeatedly to alterations in both personality and cognitive functioning. To assess the nature and extent of these changes more thoroughly, 32 workers with a history of exposure to mixtures of organic solvents and 32 age- and education-matched blue-collar workers with no history of exposure were assessed with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Although both groups were comparable on measures of general intelligence, significant differences were found in virtually all other cognitive domains tested (Learning and Memory, Visuospatial, Attention and Mental Flexibility, Psychomotor Speed). In addition, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories of exposed workers indicated clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, somatic concerns and disturbances in thinking. The reported psychological distress was unrelated to degree of cognitive deficit. Finally, several exposure-related variables were associated with poorer performance on tests of memory and visuospatial ability.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in cognitive and psychological functioning after organic solvent exposure. 234 61

We studied the parameters of suggested posthypnotic amnesia (initial deficit in recall, reversibility, and temporal disorganization of the initial material partially recalled during amnesia) in 132 psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia (N = 25), eating disorders (N = 77), alcoholism (N = 12), and major affective disorder (depression) (N = 18). We compared the findings on these patients with normal student control groups on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS:C) posthypnotic suggestion item. In general, the small patient subgroups showed posthypnotic amnesia on each of these criteria in similar fashion to normal student populations. Highly hypnotizable patients were more likely to recall their hypnotic experiences in a more random order than the temporally more accurate sequence shown by low-hypnotizable subjects. Schizophrenic patients initially recalled fewer of their hypnotic experiences (indicating some cognitive deficit), and eating disorder patients initially recalled more of their experiences than other patient groups or normal subjects. Nevertheless, all patient subgroups showed significant additional recall after the reversibility cue. The results support the robustness of posthypnotic amnesia in psychiatric patients.
 ...
PMID:Suggested posthypnotic amnesia in four diagnostic groups of hospitalized psychiatric patients. 277 18

In an intensive multidrug, multidose study, nine elderly depressed patients were administered 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg of scopolamine hydrobromide, 1 mg of oral lorazepam, and placebo in a double-blind investigation aimed at assessing the status of the central cholinergic nervous system in geriatric depression. Significant cognitive and behavioral effects of scopolamine were observed only at the high dose (0.5 mg), while lower doses and lorazepam showed no significant differences from placebo. Cognitive deficits caused by scopolamine were in the areas of new learning, access to semantic memory, vigilance, and continuous performance. Behavioral effects consisted of activation, restlessness, and anxiety, but there was no significant effect on depressed mood. These results suggest that elderly depressed patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment seem to be more similar to previously studied elderly controls rather than to patients with Alzheimer's disease in their reaction to short-term cholinergic blockade, and suggest that the cognitive and mood changes often seen in geriatric depression may involve factors other than disturbed muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:The effects of acute scopolamine in geriatric depression. 304 25

The clinical spectrum of autism spans a broad range of functions, but the core symptoms remain the same regardless of the intelligence of the child: the autistic type of social deficit that ranges from a lack of inclination to relate to extreme difficulty with the mechanics of social interactions, a global communication deficit that involves both verbal and nonverbal modes, and a severe cognitive deficit involving concept formation (abstraction) that is combined with an exceptional memory for factual information. These symptoms may vary dramatically in severity, but the basic deficits are identifiable regardless of IQ. Under-recognition of autism is a major problem at all IQs, but especially in patients with IQs above 50. No drugs have been found to significantly improve the core deficits in autism. Antipsychotics should be avoided except for short-term use. Antidepressants, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants are important in the treatment of depression, affective modulation, situation-related stress, and seizures. Intensive social skills training is assuming a prominent role in behavior modification programs, and success with higher-functioning autistic children suggests that outcome can be improved by intensive training. The neurobiology of autism has also undergone dramatic changes. The psychogenic theories of etiology have been completely invalidated. Autism is now considered to be a neurological disorder resulting from an error in brain development. The precise location and nature of this deficit are still being actively debated and investigated. One theory emphasizes a dysfunction of the limbic system that results in an impairment in the acquisition of information. A second theory proposes a primary role for dysfunction of the cortical association network responsible for the processing of information.
 ...
PMID:New perspectives in autism, Part II: The differential diagnosis and neurobiology of autism. 306 39

In view of the strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that high Expressed Emotion of a key relative contributes to relapse in psychiatric patients, methods used in Expressed Emotion research were applied in an investigation of psychiatric disorder in stroke patients receiving hospital based rehabilitation and support. Patient mood in 37 stroke patients was related to the critical attitude of a key relative. Patient depression may also have been associated with severity of dysphasia, but no link was found between patient mood and the other measures of cognitive or physical deficit used in this study. Psychiatric distress in the key relative had a rather different causal basis. Relatives' psychiatric disorders were associated with physical burden, cognitive deficit, and severity of dysphasia. This study suggests that, when the patient is dependent for self-care, rehabilitation-assisted recovery may alleviate relative distress more than patient distress.
 ...
PMID:Social, functional, and neuropsychological determinants of the psychiatric symptoms of stroke patients receiving rehabilitation and living at home. 344 76

Research relating to three interrelated issues concerning cognitive deficit in the depressed elderly is reviewed. The issues are: the role of ageing in cognitive deficit associated with depression; whether the cognitive deficit is intrinsic to depression in the elderly or a secondary motivational effect; and the possibility of qualitative differences between the cognitive deficits seen in the depressed elderly and in senile dementia. Despite their fundamental importance, only the most tentative conclusions can be drawn with respect to any of these issues because researchers have either failed to recognise them or failed to appreciate the methodological problems involved in researching them.
 ...
PMID:Cognitive deficit in the depressed elderly: a review of some basic unresolved issues. 352 52


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>