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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The olfactory (OF) and gustatory function in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and possible influencing variables of the disease, such as depression or fatigue, were determined. In an open prospective controlled clinical study 30 patients with MS and 30 healthy controls matched for age, sex and smoking-habits were investigated. With Mini Mental State Examination cognitive dysfunction was excluded, with Expanded Disability Status Scale the patient's ability to accomplish the tests was ensured. The severity of depression was measured with the self-reported Beck Depression Inventory. The orthonasal olfactory function was derived with olfactory event related potentials (OERP) and TDI-score (Threshold, Discrimination and Identification, Sniffin' Sticks). Retronasal olfactory function was tested with Taste-Powder-score, gustatory function with Taste-strip-score. There was a significant loss of olfactory function measured with TDI-score [12/30 (40%), p = 0.002] and gustatory function [5/23 (21.7%), p < 0.001] in MS-patients, 23.8% (5/21) of MS-patients showed hyposmia with OERPs, significantly correlating with the TDI-score (p = 0.03). The Expanded Disability Status scale score inversely correlated with the TDI-score (p = 0.002). This study confirms the incidence of olfactory disorder in MS-patients and reveals a frequent gustatory deficit. The Identification subtest can be proposed as a marker of the OF in MS-patients: it includes complex cognitive tasks and may be influenced by depression and fatigue, which are common symptoms of MS. It inversely correlates with the disability status.
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PMID:Psychophysiological and electrophysiological testing of olfactory and gustatory function in patients with multiple sclerosis. 2205 52

People who have developed a good sense of smell could experience much more happiness and pleasure, which would trigger a discussion that olfactory disorder might correlate with the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Similar experiments conducted on rats have confirmed that nerve damage of olfactory pathway can induce a series of depression-like changes, including behavior, neurobiochemistry, and neuroimmunity. These changes will recover progressively with anti-depression treatment. While in similar studies on human beings, olfactory dysfunction has been found in people suffering from depression. This review briefly discusses the correlation between olfactory deficits and clinical traits of depression in different dimensions, such as the severity, duration and cognitive impairment of depression. Improving olfactory function may be expected to be a potential antidepressant therapy.
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PMID:The relationship of olfactory function and clinical traits in major depressive disorder. 3219 89