Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetic linkage was studied in depression spectrum disease, a subgroup of unipolar depressive illness defined by presence of familial alcoholism and/or antisocial personality, using a version of the sib pair method of Penrose. Rigorous research diagnostic criteria were used and the diagnoses were made blind, i.e., without knowledge of the genetic marker results. Possibility of linkage was suggested (p less than 0.005) with the alpha-haptoglobin (alpha-Hp) and third complement component (C3) loci. However, the likelihood that these two markers are not on the same chromosome, and the limitations of the sib pair method, permit these findings to be treated as suggestive only and indicate that these two promising markers should be investigated further, using a more definitive method of linkage detection such as the lod score method.
 ...
PMID:A linkage study of depression spectrum disease: the use of the sib-pair method. 79 55

The present study multivariately interrelated demographic and psychometric variables that have been extensively researched in the alcoholism literature. These variables included the essential-reactive continuum, degree of familial alcoholism, subjective distress, antisocial personality features and gender. Data were collected for 76 inpatients (56 male and 20 female) meeting DSM-III criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence. The mean age of the sample was 38.9 years and ranged in age from 18 to 69 years. Three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted. Factor 1 was labeled Neuroticism, and measures of depression, anxiety, neuroticism and female gender had the highest loadings. Number of first-degree relatives with alcoholism, essential (early onset and greater severity) alcoholism and greater antisocial propensity had the highest loadings on Factor 2, labeled "Essential-Familial." The Extroversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and number of second-degree relatives with alcoholism loaded most highly on Factor 3, labeled "Extroversion." Theoretical and clinical implications associated with these dimensions of alcoholism and variously proposed alcoholic subtypes are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Dimensions of alcoholism: a multivariate analysis. 229 54

This study explores the association between familial alcoholism and the presence of certain conditions in nonalcoholic family members. Depression, obesity, functional bowel syndrome, asthma/emphysema, trauma, and genitourinary problems are conditions suggested by prior studies to be more common in families of alcoholics than in those without an alcoholic family member. Cross-sectional data were collected from a convenience sample of adults in the waiting room of a midwestern, university based family practice clinic. The respondents were classified in two groups: those with little likelihood of familial alcoholism and those with probable familial alcoholism. The groups were matched for race and age, creating two demographically similar groups which were then analyzed as cohorts. The prevalence rates of the conditions of interest in the respondents were calculated in the two groups and compared using the chi-square test for statistical significance. Significant differences in prevalence rates of depression and obesity were found. Trends were found for differing rates of functional bowel syndrome and asthma/emphysema. No differences were found for trauma and genitourinary problems. If differences in disease prevalence truly exist between family members of alcoholic and nonalcoholic individuals, this awareness could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of the conditions of interest in the nonalcoholic relative as well as the alcoholic individual. Family members could be a powerful screening tool for alcoholism.
 ...
PMID:Self-reported illnesses in family members of alcoholics. 232 89

Association and linkage relationships between alcoholism and 30 polymorphic marker loci were studied in a total of 42 families: 27 families originally collected as part of a study on depression spectrum disease, 14 previously reported families with depression spectrum disease, and 1 family with familial alcoholism. Since heterogeneity within a sample can confound genetic linkage analysis, obscuring linkage relationships, alcoholism was studied in these families as a disorder unrelated to depression or antisocial personality. No allelic associations were found to be significant after allowing for the multiple tests. In a sib-pair linkage analysis, significant differences between the mean proportion of genes identical by descent in concordant and discordant sib pairs were found for the esterase-D (ESD) marker locus (p less than or equal to .01). This suggested that a linkage may exist between a gene for alcoholism and the ESD locus on chromosome 13q. Lod score linkage analysis yielded odds in favor of linkage to ESD of 44 to 1, most of the information relevant to linkage residing in a single family in which three offspring were classified as alcoholic and five were not.
 ...
PMID:Possible linkage between alcoholism and esterase-D. 321 52

The characteristics associated with professional impairment due to chemical dependency in nurses are examined. A sample of 139 recovering chemically dependent nurses was compared with a random sample of 384 registered nurses not identified as chemically dependent on familial, personal and professional characteristics. Respondents completed an extensive mailed questionnaire requesting information on demographic variables, family history (past and present), education, employment, medical history, lifestyle characteristics and alcohol- and drug-related behaviors. Significant differences between the two groups were found in gender, familial alcoholism and depression, sexual trauma and functioning, sexual preference, parenthood status, marital history, physical health, depressive illness and alcoholism in spouse. No differences were found in sibling rank, basic nursing education, nursing school class rank, highest educational degree held, academic achievement and length of nursing experience. Recommendations for future study include improved methodology, study of recovery variables and longitudinal follow-up of recovering nurses.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of chemically dependent and nondependent nurses on familial, personal and professional characteristics. 368 30

Based on a survey of the classic literature and studies examining the correlates of a clinical diagnosis of endogenous or nonendogenous depression, we found 14 variables that should discriminate endogenous and nonendogenous depressives. We applied four definitions of endogenous depression (Feinberg and Carroll, DSM-III, Research Diagnostic Criteria, and Newcastle) to a consecutive series of 152 unipolar major depressive inpatients. We examined the concordance between the definitions and the relationship between each definition and clinical, demographic, family history, and psychosocial factors. The DSM-III and Newcastle definitions were less inclusive than the other two definitions. We found some support for the validity of each of the four definitions. The validity of the Newcastle scale was the most frequently supported, with the endogenous depressives having a lower rate of personality disorder, marital separations and divorces, familial alcoholism, life events, and nonserious suicide attempts.
 ...
PMID:The validity of four definitions of endogenous depression. II. Clinical, demographic, familial, and psychosocial correlates. 395 43

Using the family history method, the authors examined the relationships of parental alcoholism to alcoholism, depression, and antisocial personality disorder among 638 opioid addicts. It was concluded that, compared to addicts without parental alcoholism; addicts with parental alcoholism were more frequently concurrent alcoholics; addicts with parental alcoholism not only had alcoholism more often, but also depression and antisocial personality disorder; among alcoholic addicts, those with parental alcoholism had more severe problems with alcohol abuse; and addicts with parental alcoholism reported more disruptive childhood events. The independent additive effects of disruptive childhood events and parental alcoholism on the severity of addict disorders including alcoholism were also examined. Although alcoholic addicts had experienced more disruptive childhood events than nonalcoholic addicts, these events did not substantially contribute to increasing the severity of alcohol-related problems. Similar results were obtained for depression and antisocial behaviors in these addicts. The conclusions concerning addicts supported some of those described for "familial alcoholism" among nonaddict alcoholics, but other characteristics of alcoholics with familial alcoholism were not found among addicts.
 ...
PMID:Parental alcoholism in opioid addicts. 402 Mar 63

A previous analysis found a relatively high rate of alcoholism in a cohort of bipolar I subjects, and a trend for increased rates of alcoholism in relatives of subjects with both bipolar I disorder and alcoholism, compared to relatives of subjects with bipolar I disorder and no alcoholism. The sample of subjects with bipolar I disorder has been enlarged through continued follow-up, permitting new analyses to address the association and heritability of bipolar I disorder with alcoholism. Probands with bipolar I disorder were followed for 10 years as part of the NIMH Collaborative Depression Study. The rate of alcoholism in relatives of probands with both bipolar I disorder and alcoholism was compared to the rate of alcoholism in relatives of probands with bipolar disorder and no alcoholism. The prevalence of alcoholism in relatives of subjects with bipolar I disorder was compared to the rate of alcoholism in relatives of control subjects. Relatives of probands with bipolar I disorder showed a higher rate of alcoholism than relatives of controls. Relatives of probands with bipolar I disorder and alcoholism showed a higher rate of alcoholism than relatives of probands with bipolar I disorder without alcoholism. These data suggest that familial alcoholism may contribute to a vulnerability to bipolar I disorder, and that there is a shared heritability for the two disorders.
 ...
PMID:Familial alcoholism in manic-depressive (bipolar) disease. 872 47

In 2 samples of sons of alcoholics (family history positive for alcoholism; FHP: N = 74 & N = 72), cluster analyses identified 3 subtypes of familial vulnerability: 1 with low levels of familial psychopathology (FHP-LP) and moderate levels of familial alcoholism; a 2nd with high levels of familial antisocial personality (FHP-ASP), violence, and alcoholism; and a 3rd with high levels of familial depression (FHP-DEP), mania, anxiety disorder, and alcoholism. Compared with family history negative (FHN) participants (N = 106), FHP offspring had higher levels of alcohol problems. FHP-ASP offspring had elevated levels of antisocial traits and negative affect. Compared with FHN participants, FHP-DEP offspring elevated levels of antisocial traits, hypomania, and experience seeking. FHP-LP offspring had moderate levels of antisocial traits.
 ...
PMID:Heterogeneity in the families of sons of alcoholics: the impact of familial vulnerability type on offspring characteristics. 910 15

The purpose of this study was to examine the latent structure of neuropsychological abilities of drug-abusing patients. Four factors were identified in an exploratory factor analysis (N = 329) and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (N = 258): Executive Functioning, Verbal Ability, Memory, and Speed, Education, years of regular alcohol use, number of substance use dependence disorders, percentage of days of heavy drinking in the previous year, depression, familial alcoholism, premorbid level of cognitive functioning, liver functioning, and previous head injuries were identified as risk factors to these latent abilities.
 ...
PMID:The neuropsychological test performance of drug-abusing patients: an examination of latent cognitive abilities and associated risk factors. 1262 42


1 2 Next >>