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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The current study was designed to investigate the changes that occur in depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and health-related quality of life during methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-five treatment naive children with ADHD, aged 8-14, were assessed based on self, parent and teacher reports at the baseline and at the end of the first and third month of MPH treatment regarding changes in inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Changes in the quality of life were also noted. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests with Bonferroni corrections were conducted in order to evaluate the data. Symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity were significantly reduced (p < 0.017) following a three-month MPH treatment. There were significant decreases in depression (p = 0.004), trait anxiety (p = 0.000) and checking compulsion symptom scores (p = 0.001). Moreover, parents reported significant improvements in psychosocial (p = 0.001) and total scores (p = 0.009) of quality of life, despite no change in physical health scores (p > 0.05). Children's ratings of quality of life measures showed no significant changes in physical health and psychosocial scores (p > 0.05), while total scores significantly improved (p = 0.001) after the treatment. Over a three-month MPH treatment, depression, trait anxiety and checking compulsion symptoms decreased and quality of life seemed to improve along with those of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
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PMID:Depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and quality of life in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during three-month methylphenidate treatment. 1993 61

Since the introduction of levodopa therapy and dopaminergic replacement therapy to abate symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, repetitive compulsive behaviors have been reported and are now considered to be drug-related response complications. As dopamine (DA) agonists are the licensed treatment in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), a survey was conducted to determine the extent to which patients with RLS present compulsive behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between DA agonists and the occurrence of motor or behavioral compulsions, stress, depression, and sleep disturbance in RLS patients. A questionnaire was mailed three times, at four-month intervals over a period of 8 months to all patients of the Quebec Memory and Motor Skills Disorders Clinic diagnosed with RLS. In addition to recording all medication information for RLS treatment, patients were assessed on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Sleep Scale from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) and on a visual analog scale for current level of stress. A section pertaining to hobby, mania, and compulsion was also included. Analyses are based on 97 out of 151 patients (64.2%) with RLS who returned the three questionnaires. Twelve patients (12.4%) on stable DA agonist therapy (average dose 0.52+/-0.59 mg Pramipexole equivalent) developed a new compulsive behavioral repertoire. Eating (3 women, 1 man), buying food or clothes (2 women, 1 man), trichotillomania (1 woman, 1 man), and gambling (1man) were among the compulsions developed under DA treatment. In addition, two women presented new tic-like phenomena. In contrast to the RLS patients without compulsive behaviors (53 treated with DA agonist; 32 untreated), those with compulsive habits reported experiencing more stress, depression and sleep problems. Patients with RLS with mood and stress states may be at greater risk of developing compulsive behaviors while receiving standard dosage DA agonist treatment. These behaviors are clearly linked to short-term satisfaction and underline the role of dopaminergic mesolimbic stimulation in the reinforcement process of rewarding behavioral sequences.
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PMID:Compulsive habits in restless legs syndrome patients under dopaminergic treatment. 1996 9

Workaholism surfaced some years ago as a veritable addiction in the wide sense of the term, dependence. It differs from other sorts of dependence in that it is very often viewed in a positive perspective in the sense that it conveys to the person concerned the illusion of well-being, as well as a motivation and dedication in their professional activity. During the past 30 years, several authors have attempted to define this concept and to determine its characteristics. Robinson believes that workaholics have an approach to life whereby their work feeds on time, energy and physical activity. This provokes consequences that affect their physical health and interpersonal relationships. They have a tendency to live in the future rather than in the present. For Scott, Moore and Micelli , the compulsion for work is not necessarily viewed as being detrimental to one's health. Spence and Robbins highlight the notion of the pleasure experienced at work in their theoretical approach. The prevalence of the dependence on work is estimated at between 27 and 30% in the general population. It is correlated to the number of hours of work per week and tends to be higher as annual revenue increases. The sex ratio is 1, and the parents of children 5 to 18 years of age are the most susceptible to considering themselves workaholics. The physical and psychological consequences of professional exhaustion are characterized primarily by the decrease in self-esteem, symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, depression, irritability and the manifestation of physical problems including cardiovascular ailments, as evidenced by hypertension, as well as heart and kidney complications. All the theoretical point of views, from the psychoanalytical models to the contemporary models, highlight self esteem as being the centerpiece of the question regarding the problem of workaholism. In fact, the narcissism articulated from the sociological evolution of our western way of life permits us to delineate the psychic identity of the individual better, and therefore, to understand this reconstructive attempt of one's self better. In characterizing the personality traits of workaholic individuals, the doctor/therapist is required to deal with this new form of dependence as early as possible, in order to anticipate and avert the numerous personal, professional, social, relational and sanitary complications. Faced with this large prevalence of dependence on work, it seems important to us to look for a symptomatology that would emanate a signal of workaholism so as to envisage and propose to workaholic patients a specific course of action that would be adapted to their needs.
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PMID:[Workaholism: between illusion and addiction]. 2085 May 99

The Cognitive Assessment Instrument of Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC) was designed as a novel instrument for clinicians to assess the main cognitive and executive impairments that are hypothesized to underpin the impact of obsessive-compulsive symptoms on functioning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Initially, 18 items were selected based upon observation in the laboratory and clinical research setting, then refined to a definitive 13-item scale after excluding items due to statistical criteria. In a study involving two raters, 50 patients diagnosed with OCD were assessed using the self-rated and clinician-rated versions of the new scale. OCD patients' scores fell in the region of moderate severity on both clinician and self-rated versions of the CAIOC-13. Inter-rater reliability and Cronbach's alpha scores were satisfactory. Factor analysis indicated a one factor solution confirming its unidimensionality. Significantly higher scores in the OCD group compared to a depression group (n=31) and a healthy control group (n=55) were revealed. Scores on the clinician and self-rated versions of the 13-item CAIOC appear valid and reliable measures of the severity of functional impairment associated with OCD. Further validation, including research into the relationship of the CAIOC-13 with laboratory measures of cognitive impairment and evaluation of its sensitivity is indicated.
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PMID:Cognitive Assessment Instrument of Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) - a new 13-item scale for evaluating functional impairment associated with OCD. 2112 22

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder characterized by periodic hypersomnia, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Other unique symptoms in KLS are megaphagia, hypersexuality and some psychiatric disturbances such as compulsion and depression. Definite diagnosis requires the elimination of other potential etiologies. We reported a typical case of KLS in a young Thai man who suffered from seven episodes of periodic hypersomnia within 1.5 years and eventually he was diagnosed with Kleine-Levin syndrome after excluding known possible neurological conditions and sleep disorders.
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PMID:Kleine-Levin syndrome: the first typical case in Thailand. 2128 May 39

Seventeen refractory partial epilepsy patients were enrolled in an open-label study to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Seven of the patients had not obtained seizure-free status after epileptogenic focus resection surgery before they were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with low-frequency rTMS which included 3 sessions per day (0.5 Hz, 90% RMT and 500 pulses each session) and lasted for 2 weeks. Seizure frequency, seizure days and epileptic discharges in the EEG obtained before, during and after stimulation were compared. The psychological conditions of all individual patients were evaluated with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) before and after rTMS treatment. Mean seizure frequencies per week significantly decreased in the following 4-week rTMS treatment period compared with the pretreatment period (14.09 vs. 5.63, p < 0.05, mean reduction of 60.02% in seizure frequency). Mean seizure days per week during the treatment period and the post-treatment period were lower than that of the pretreatment period (5.18 vs. 2.99 p < 0.05, mean reduction of 42.5% in seizure days). Mean epileptic discharges in the EEG decreased significantly during the treatment period compared to that of the pre-treatment period (78.60 vs. 66.09, p < 0.05, mean reduction of 15.9% in epileptic spikes discharges) in all 17 patients. Fourteen patients completed the test of Symptom Checklist-90 effectively. The scales of Global Severity Index, Depression, Anxiety, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Psychoticism, Somatization, Obsession-compulsion, Interpersonal sensitivity, Hostility in patients decreased respectively at the post-treatment periods compared with those of the pre-treatment periods (P < 0.05). Low-frequency rTMS may have a significant antiepileptic effect in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. Additionally, our results indicate rTMS treatment can improve the psychological condition of these patients.
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PMID:Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy. 2130 41

The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the dimensions of problem gambling behaviors associated with purchasing sports lottery in China. This was accomplished through the development and validation of the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling (SAPG). The SAPG was initially developed through a comprehensive qualitative research process. Research participants (N = 4,982) were Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets, who responded to a survey packet, representing a response rate of 91.4%. Data were split into two halves, one for conducting an EFA and the other for a CFA. A five-factor model with 19 items (Social Consequence, Financial Consequence, Harmful Behavior, Compulsive Disorder, and Depression Sign) showed good measurement properties to assess problem gambling of sports lottery consumers in China, including good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.922), convergent and discriminate validity, and reliability. Regression analyses revealed that except for Depression Sign, the SAPG factors were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of purchase behaviors of sports lottery. This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions of problem gambling associated with Chinese sports lottery. The developed scale may be adopted by researchers and practitioners to examine problem gambling behaviors and develop effective prevention and intervention procedures based on tangible evidence.
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PMID:Dimensions of problem gambling behavior associated with purchasing sports lottery. 2136 40

Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by an inner sense of unease, unrest, and dysphoria. It can result in an inability to stand, sit, or lie still, and an intense urge to move around. It is a common side effect of drugs, such as antipsychotics and serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but it also occurs spontaneously in patients with Parkinson's disease. Several lines of evidence suggest that akathisia can be attributed to low activity of dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to the ventral striatum. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism of this extrapyramidal symptom remains unclear. This article describes a possible mechanism for drug-induced akathisia based on the differential functions of the core and shell portions of the nucleus accumbens. These ideas arise from contemporary concepts regarding the mechanisms of compulsion, impulsivity, and depression.
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PMID:The Mechanism of Drug-induced Akathsia. 2140 65

The association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and major depression disorder (MDD) gives reason to suspect that many mothers with postpartum depression (PPD) have a history of CSA. However, few studies have investigated how CSA and PPD are related. In this case study we explore how the experience of incest intertwines with the experience of postpartum depression. We focus on participant subject "Nina," who has experienced both. We interviewed her three times and we analysed the interviews with Giorgi's phenomenological descriptive method to arrive at a contextualised meaning structure. Nina's intruding fantasies of men who abuse her children merge with her recollections of her own incest experiences. She may succeed in forcing these fantasies out of her consciousness, but they still alter her perceptions, thoughts, and emotions. She feels overwhelmed and succumbs to sadness, while she also is drawn towards information about CSA, which in turn feeds her fantasies. The psychodynamic concepts of repetition compulsion, transference, and projection may provide some explanation of Nina's actions, thoughts, and emotions through her past experiences. With our phenomenological stance, we aim to acknowledge Nina's descriptions of her everyday life here and now. With reference to Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Minkowski, we show that Nina's past is not a dated memory; rather it determines the structure of her consciousness that constitutes her past as her true present and future. Incest dominates Nina's world, and her possibilities for action are restricted by this perceived world. Any suspension of action implies anguish, and she resolves this by incest-structured action that in turn feeds and colours her expectations. Thus anxiety and depression are intertwined in the structure of this experience.
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PMID:A case study of a mother's intertwining experiences with incest and postpartum depression. 2176 Aug 36

In a Cross over design, the therapeutic value of thought-stopping technique in Obsessive Compulsive behaviour was examined by comparing its effect to that of progressive muscular relaxation. A group of 17 individuals with obsessive compulsive behaviours patterns served as study group. The measure of therapeutic change include frequency of obsession, Taylor's Manifest Anxiety scale, Beck's inventory for Depression. Distress rating and Fear survey schedule. The results showed marked improvement in 11 individuals and minimal improvement in 3 and no change in the remaining 3 individuals. Both relaxation and as thought stopping effected changes in the indices of therapeutic change. However, thought stopping was found to be significantly more effective. The study also discusses some follow-up data as well as the theoretical issues of obsessional behaviour.
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PMID:Obessive compulsive behaviours - a therapeutic study with thought stopping procedure. 2184 52


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