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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After the introduction of the term "Zwangsvorstellungen" (compulsive ideas) into german psychiatry in 1867, there were intensive psychopathological discussions concerning the role of the affective component of this disturbance. The conviction that an affective causation of compulsion has to be repudiated, that a primary compulsive idea is just followed by a secondary affect, contrasted with the belief that alterations of mood are a prerequisite of compulsive symptoms. The latter hypothesis led to the identification of a typical course of illness in the compulsive depressions. After a short review of Lauter's casuistry, some of our own cases are presented. A differentiation between two types of compulsive depression seems to fulfill the requirements of the clinic. The distinguishing criterion is the pattern of the premorbid personality. To the widespread therapeutic pessimism we oppose various psychotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of non-psychotic compulsive phenomenal; for the manifestations occurring in the course of psychotic illnesses, the appropriate psychotropic drugs will be used in the first place, although they are of limited importance in these types of illness which oppose serious difficulties to all methods of treatment.
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PMID:[On the nosological position of the obsessional-compulsive depressions (author's transl)]. 26 Jul 10

Fibromyalgia is a form of nonarticular rheumatism characterized by diffuse musculoskeletal pain. To investigate the personality characteristics of fibromyalgia, Ko's Mental Health Questionnaire was evaluated in 27 fibromyalgia patients and 23 normal controls. The fibromyalgia patients scored significantly higher than normal controls on hypochondriasis, depression, anxiety and compulsion, and significantly lower on independence. The fibromyalgia patients had 52% incidence of depression. Major depression occurred before onset of fibromyalgia at a mean of 5.5 years in 36% of the patients who experienced depression. The longer the duration of fibromyalgia, the higher the incidence of depression, and more numbers of tender points, indicating that the symptoms of fibromyalgia were more severe.
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PMID:[Personality characteristics of patients with fibromyalgia]. 131 51

In this article, the use of selected psychopharmacologic medications was explained in detail. If a patient who is obviously suffering from a psychiatric component of his or her disorder that can be responsive to psychopharmacotherapy refuses to accept a referral to a psychiatrist or other mental health professional, the dermatologist must decide whether to use these medications. If he or she decides to use these medications, it should always be remembered that the choice of psychopharmacologic treatment depends on the nature of the underlying psychopathology-anxiety, psychosis, depression, or compulsion-rather than on the dermatologic label such as neurotic excoriations. It is the hope of the author that more patients who fall into this interface between psychiatry and dermatology will be helped if dermatologists become more familiar with the availability and use of these medications.
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PMID:The use of psychotropic medications in clinical dermatology. 135 90

A 10-year-old boy was admitted to the Children's Hospital with a 7-month history of disturbed eating behavior and a recent rapid weight loss: During the 24-day hospital stay the boy displayed a characteristic anorectic eating pattern, hyperactivity, anxiety, depression and compulsive behavior. Discharge followed a 4-kg weight gain. During the subsequent 12 months of outpatient care weight gain and eating behavior normalized. The boy's premorbid personality was described as compulsive and difficult. Although his intelligence was above average the boy had spelling problems and inadequate verbal skills. A change to a college-preparatory school and contact with a family with a vegetarian way of life probably precipitated the acute illness.
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PMID:[Case report: anorexia nervosa in a 10-year-old boy]. 141 21

The traditional system of diagnosis which differentiates clearly between endogenous depression on the one hand and psychogenic depression on the other, results in an dichotomy that limits our thinking and perception. This limitation is an obstacle to an open-minded realisation of the multidimensional cause-effect links underlying depressive syndromes. The historical development is outlined and the descriptive-psychiatrical and psychoanalytical-psychodynamical theoretical aspects are described. There is a definite need for an unequivocal terminology that covers both clinical observations and therapeutic assessments. The term endo-neurotic as a logical development of Weitbrecht's endo-reactive concept represents a verbal diagnostic instrument enabling the characterisation of a typical group among a multitude of "multilayered" depressions. Endogenous and neurotic factors carry the same weight in such depressions, and the phasewise course of the disease does not permit the patient to be classified as purely "somatic" or purely "mental" or "psychological". If endogenous phases having a triggering effect on depression fail to occur during psychotherapy, this may be due to minor penetration by either endogenous or psychogenic factors. A clinical case report shows how intensive psychotherapy of neurotic mechanisms increasingly improves the management of situations that were formerly critical in respect of triggering depressions. The patient feels that this is really so, and the therapist gains confidence that his therapy is progressing in the right direction. Of course such an experience cannot be proven by statistics. This highlights the well-known discrepancy between idiographic and nomothetic methods. Progress could be achieved by "cutting more finely", i. e. by a terminology that is more differentiated and eliminates the compulsion to arrive at a rough diagnosis which disregards the finer gradations of the colours that make up the entire picture. Thus the term endo-neurotic could be useful to define a certain part of the diagnostic spectrum of depression with greater clarity.
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PMID:[Endo-neurotic depression. Necessity and irritation of a diagnostic concept]. 146 45

This paper provides outcome data about the efficacy of a behavioral group therapy program for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thirty-six patients completed a 7-week outpatient treatment program which provides: (1) education about OCD and its treatment, (2) instruction in a cognitive and behavioral approach to the self-treatment of OCD and (3) guided behavioral treatment. Significant improvement in obsession, compulsion, and depression scores were observed at completion of the group and at 3 month follow-up. Significant improvement in obsessions and compulsions was observed for both patients taking anti-obsessional medications and those who did not.
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PMID:A standardized behavioral group treatment program for obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary outcomes. 175 61

In this paper the authors report the results of a cross-over treatment of 79 case of neurosis with vacuum drugs and L-tryptophan. The therapeutic effects were evaluated respectively with four-degree scale and the rating scales of SCL-90. Sleep vs. Sleep disturbance self-checklist. Side effects were evaluated with TESS. The data show that treatment of L-tryptophan 3.0g/day for six weeks. Rate of marked improvement is 58.2%, effective rate is 91.1%. It is concluded that the effects of hypnosis and sedation are mild side effects only. Using L-tryptophan the therapeutic effects which concern somatization depression anxiety, phobia, compulsion, are analysed and discussed.
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PMID:[A self body double blind clinical study of L-tryptophan and placebo in treated neurosis]. 186 Mar 85

There is considerable controversy over whether or not post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be considered as a separate diagnostic entity. The present study utilized the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) in order to examine the degree of overlap between PTSD and the related diagnoses of anxiety, depression and obsession-compulsion in a group of Israeli Lebanon War PTSD casualties. We found that the SCL-90 was able both to identify and discriminate between the clinical groups. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that although there is overlap between PTSD and obsessive-compulsive disorder, PTSD is, in fact, discriminated from all the other patient groups.
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PMID:Post-traumatic stress disorder: issues of co-morbidity. 194 12

The sexual addiction model enables physicians to understand the self-destructive behavior of patients whose actions may otherwise appear inexplicable. When a person is preoccupied with sex and continues to engage in compulsive sexual activity despite adverse consequences (eg, loss of marriage, job, health, freedom), he or she is a sex addict. Treatment allows sex addicts to stop their compulsive behavior and improve their relationships. Preferred treatment includes professional counseling and attendance at self-help programs based on the Alcoholics Anonymous model. Partners of sex addicts, whose coaddiction may manifest itself through various physical symptoms, depression, or compulsions, can benefit from the same treatment approach.
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PMID:How to recognize the signs of sexual addiction. Asking the right questions may uncover serious problems. 194 10

Previous studies have noted high rates of stealing behavior in patients with eating disorders. To assess the significance of stealing in eating disordered patients, the authors compared the eating and purging behavior, levels of psychologic symptomatology, and alcohol use of 181 eating disordered patients with and without a history of stealing. Overall, the patients with a history of stealing had significantly more dysfunctional eating and purging behavior. Those patients with a history of stealing reported significantly more psychological distress including more depression, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive compulsive behavior, and hostility. The authors conclude that stealing behavior should be assessed in patients with eating disorders as a history of stealing may define a subgroup of more severely impaired patients.
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PMID:Stealing in eating disordered patients. 200 74


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