Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neurotoxicity of manganese has been demonstrated by many researches. But few reports have been found on its immunotoxicity in manganese-exposed workers. Here we selected welding workers (aged 34 years) as Mn-exposed subjects. They have been exposed to manganese for 16 years. The control group was from a flour plant. The average concentrations of Mn, Cd, Fe and Ni in work place were 138.40 +/- 11.60 microg/m3, 581.40 +/- 45.32 microg/m3, 3.84 +/- 0.53 microg/m3 and 12.64 +/- 2.80 ng/m3, respectively. Blood Mn (4.84 mug/dl) of welding workers was higher than that of the control group (1.92 microg/dl). Neurobehavioral core test battery (NCTB) recommended by WHO was conducted on the subjects and found that the scores of negative emotions, such as confusion-bewilderment, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and tension-anxiety, were higher in welding workers. Visual simple reaction time and the fast simple reaction time were shorter than that of the control group. The numbers of digital span, forward digital span, backward digital span and digital symbol decreased in welding workers compared with control group. Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolism substances in urine were tested by HPLC-ultraviolet. NE, E, MHPG, HVA, DA, DOPAC and 5-HT in the urine of Mn-exposed group had no significant changes while 5-HIAA in Mn-exposed group had significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. Lymphocyte subsets of the subjects were determined by Flow Cytometer. CD3+ T cell, CD4+CD8- T cell, CD4-CD8+ T cell, CD4+CD45RO- "virgin" lymphocytes, CD4+CD45RO+ "memory" lymphocytes, and CD3-CD19+ B cell had no significant changes compared with the control group. The results showed that long-term exposure to manganese in welding might have adverse effects on mood state, neurobehavior, and peripheral neurotransmitters. However, they had no effects on lymphocyte subsets parameters.
 ...
PMID:A comprehensive study on neurobehavior, neurotransmitters and lymphocyte subsets alteration of Chinese manganese welding workers. 1624 61

There is a substantial literature reporting that the developing immune system is more sensitive to toxic insult and that the measurable phenotype resulting from prenatal/neonatal exposure often differs from that seen in adult exposure models (reviewed in Holladay and Steven, and Smialowicz et al.). Atrazine is a common herbicidal contaminant of groundwater in agricultural areas in the USA. The potential immunotoxicity of atrazine has been extensively studied using adult-exposure models; however, few studies have explored its immunotoxicity in a prenatal and/or lactational exposure model. Prenatal/lactational atrazine exposure affects the function of young adult rodent immune systems in both sex- and age-dependant manners. In our studies, the humoural and cell-mediated immune responses of offspring from atrazine-exposed dams were assessed at two ages, 3 and 6 months of age to test the hypothesis that prenatal/lactational atrazine exposure would cause greater health complications as the mice aged. Male offspring showed a significant immunopotentiation at three moa that was not apparent at 6 months. Three-month-old female offspring showed no significant difference in immune response from controls. However, at 6 months, female litter mates showed a significant depression in their immune function. These results indicate a decreasing trend in immune capacity. Rooney et al. showed a significant depression of the immune function of young male rat exposure prenatally and lactationally to atrazine. These results demonstrate a sex- and age-dependant effect of prenatal exposure to atrazine on the immune system of the adult offspring using two rodent strains.
 ...
PMID:Developmental immunotoxicity of atrazine in rodents. 1822 67

One theory proposed to explain the global declines in amphibian populations involves contaminant-induced immune alteration and subsequent increased susceptibility to infectious disease. The goal of this study was twofold, to (1) study acute oral toxicity of deltamethrin (cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dibromoethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester) in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), and (2) evaluate whether the insecticide deltamethrin produces immunosuppression in these animals. In the acute toxicity study, tiger salamanders receiving single doses of deltamethrin ranging from 1 to 35 mg/kg displayed intention tremors, hypersalivation, ataxia, choreoathetosis (writhing), severe depression (immobility with minimal response to stimuli), and death. For acute effects, based on clinical signs, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) and lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) were estimated to be 5 to 10 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, respectively. The LOAEL in animals dosed 3 times per week for 4 wk was 400 microg/kg/d. The endpoints for the immunotoxicity study included lymphoid organ mass and histopathology, hematological variables, and functional assays of phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and lymphoblastic transformation. Tiger salamanders in 4 treatment groups (0, 4, 40, or 400 microg/kg/d) were dosed with deltamethrin via the diet 3 times per week for 4 wk. Deltamethrin exposure resulted in increased liver mass, packed cell volume, and total plasma protein concentration, but these effects were not dose dependent. The relative mass of kidney and spleen, plasma albumin and globulin concentrations, and circulating leukocyte numbers were not affected by deltamethrin exposure, nor were phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and lymphoblastic transformation. This study shows that at moderate levels of exposure, deltamethrin may be neurotoxic to tiger salamanders. However, based on the immune assays considered in this study there was no evidence of immunosuppression from dietary exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of deltamethrin. In light of these findings, it is unlikely that exposure to environmental concentrations of deltamethrin has produced immunosuppression and contributed to the emergence of iridovirus outbreaks in tiger salamander populations.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity and immune system effects of dietary deltamethrin exposure in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). 1926 12


<< Previous 1 2