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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the goal of studying perceived distress among adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer, 56 adolescents were interviewed by telephone 4 to 8 weeks after diagnosis. The interviews included a structured interview guide, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the subscales Mental Health and Vitality from SF-36. "Losing hair" and "missing leisure activities" were identified as the most prevalent aspects of distress, whereas "missing leisure activities" and "fatigue" were rated with the highest levels of distress. "Worry about not getting well," "mucositis," "nausea," "pain from procedures and treatments," and "worry about missing school" were rated as the overall worst aspects by most adolescents. Twelve percent reached the cutoff score for potential clinical anxiety and 21% for potential clinical depression. Ratings of Mental Health and Vitality were lower than norm values. Prevalence of pain from procedures/treatments was higher among those who scored in the clinical range of depression, and more adolescents who were treated at a local hospital scored in the clinical range of anxiety. The findings show that ratings of prevalence, levels, and aspects perceived as the worst are not necessarily in accordance, that adolescents scoring in the clinical range of psychological distress are in the minority, and that the adolescents experience reduced physical and mental well-being.
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PMID:Perceptions of distress among adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer. 1565 73

Psychological distress and postamputation pain were investigated in a sample of 582 males with long-term limb amputations (mean time since amputation 639.3 months, standard deviation 166.1; range 240-784 months). Prevalence of significant depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]-D score > or = 8) was 32.0%, and 34.0% of respondents met the screening criterion for clinical anxiety (HADS-A score > or = 8). Nearly one quarter (24.6%) of respondents reported significant post-traumatic psychological stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale scores > or = 35). In total, 87.8% experienced either phantom or residual limb pain. Affective distress scores differed according to the respondents' type of pain experience. Respondents who experienced residual limb pain reported significantly higher affective distress scores than those with no phantom or residual limb pain. Many older individuals with long-term traumatic limb amputations could benefit from interventions to ameliorate affective distress and appropriate residual limb pain treatment.
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PMID:Affective distress and amputation-related pain among older men with long-term, traumatic limb amputations. 1663 84

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders that include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobic disorders (e.g., specific phobias, agoraphobia, social phobia) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and, when coupled with an awareness of the disability and reduced quality of life they convey, they must be recognized as a serious public health problem. Over 20 years of preclinical studies point to a role for the CRF system in anxiety and stress responses. Clinical studies have supported a model of CRF dysfunction in depression and more recently a potential contribution to specific anxiety disorders (i.e., panic disorder and PTSD). Much work remains in both the clinical and preclinical fields to inform models of CRF function and its contribution to anxiety. First, we will review the current findings of CRF and HPA axis abnormalities in anxiety disorders. Second, we will discuss startle reflex measures as a tool for translational research to determine the role of the CRF system in development and maintenance of clinical anxiety.
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PMID:Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: a translational research perspective. 1687 Jan 85

Although diminished self-efficacy has been linked to childhood psychopathology, including depression, it has only recently been studied in relation to childhood anxiety disorders. This study examines the relationship between self-efficacy and self-reported anxiety in children who have been referred for an assessment and possible treatment of anxiety symptoms as well as a comparison group of non-referred children. A self-efficacy questionnaire for children and a childhood anxiety measure were administered to a group of children referred for assessment and treatment of a clinical anxiety disorder (n = 50) and a non-referred control group (n = 50). Results indicate that the two samples differed significantly on measures of emotional self-efficacy, but not in terms of self-reported anxiety or other self-efficacy domains. Potential explanations for observed findings are discussed, including the possibility that self-reports of emotional self-efficacy in children may vary by clinical or referral status, amongst those reporting higher levels of anxiety overall.
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PMID:Self-efficacy: a comparison between clinically anxious and non-referred youth. 1713 Nov 78

This cross-sectional study evaluated the stress levels in Italian military personnel involved in a peacekeeping (PK) mission in Afghanistan and a homogeneous group stationed in Italy (SI group). The study was performed from April 2004 to June 2004 in a sample of 160 long-time, career volunteers of the Rossi Barracks of the Alpini di L'Aquila (Italy) (SI group, n=120; PK group, n=40). A 10-item, self-evaluation questionnaire proposed in the U.N. Stress Management Booklet was administered to each volunteer. The total item score (TIS) values for the 10 items for the two groups were calculated. These values were greater for the PK group than for the SI group for all 10 items. The TIS values were grouped into three classes of symptoms, anxiety symptoms (items 1-4), stress-induced depression (items 5-7), and posttraumatic stress (items 8-10). The class total item score (CTIS) values were then calculated as the sum of the respective TIS values. The three CTIS values for the PK group were greater than those for the SI group. In particular, the anxiety CTIS was 72 points greater in the PK group (p < 0.001). Therefore, the peacekeepers were inclined to have a greater increase in anxiety symptoms. Consequently, antipanic techniques could be used to reduce anxiety and progressive muscular relaxation training, an important preventive relaxation technique, to face stressors and to reduce clinical anxiety.
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PMID:Stress management and factors related to the deployment of Italian peacekeepers in Afghanistan. 1735 66

The present study compared blood pressure levels between subjects with clinical anxiety and depressive disorders with healthy controls. Cross-sectional data were obtained in a large cohort study, the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (N=2981). Participants were classified as controls (N=590) or currently or remittedly depressed or anxious subjects (N=2028), of which 1384 were not and 644 were using antidepressants. Regression analyses calculated the contributions of anxiety and depressive disorders and antidepressant use to diastolic and systolic blood pressures, after controlling for multiple covariates. Heart rate and heart rate variability measures were subsequently added to test whether effects of anxiety/depression or medication were mediated by vagal control over the heart. Higher mean diastolic blood pressure was found among the current anxious subjects (beta=0.932; P=0.03), although anxiety was not significantly related to hypertension risk. Remitted and current depressed subjects had a lower mean systolic blood pressure (beta=-1.74, P=0.04 and beta=-2.35, P=0.004, respectively) and were significantly less likely to have isolated systolic hypertension than controls. Users of tricyclic antidepressants had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and were more likely to have hypertension stage 1 (odds ratio: 1.90; 95% CI: 0.94 to 3.84; P=0.07) and stage 2 (odds ratio: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.35 to 7.59; P=0.008). Users of noradrenergic and serotonergic working antidepressants were more likely to have hypertension stage 1. This study shows that depressive disorder is associated with low systolic blood pressure and less hypertension, whereas the use of certain antidepressants is associated with both high diastolic and systolic blood pressures and hypertension.
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PMID:Depression is associated with decreased blood pressure, but antidepressant use increases the risk for hypertension. 1945 12

A self-report measure of metacognition for both children and adolescents (ages 7-17) (Metacognitions Questionnaire for Children; MCQ-C) was adapted from a previous measure, the MCQ-A (Metacognitions Questionnaire for Adolescents) and was administered to a sample of 78 children and adolescents with clinical anxiety disorders and 20 non-clinical youth. The metacognitive processes included were (1) positive beliefs about worry (positive meta-worry); (2) negative beliefs about worry (negative meta-worry); (3) superstitious, punishment and responsibility beliefs (SPR beliefs) and (4) cognitive monitoring (awareness of one's own thoughts). The MCQ-C demonstrated good internal-consistency reliability, as well as concurrent and criterion validity, and four valid factors. In line with predictions, negative meta-worry was significantly associated with self-reports of internalizing symptoms (excessive worry and depression). Age-based differences on the MCQ-C were found for only one subscale, with adolescents reporting greater awareness of their thoughts than children. Adolescent girls scored higher on the total index of metacognitive processes than adolescent boys. Overall, these results provide preliminary support for the use of the MCQ-C with a broader age range as well as an association between metacognitive processes and anxiety symptomatology in both children and adolescents, with implications for cognitive behavioral interventions with anxious youth.
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PMID:The metacognitions questionnaire for children: development and validation in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. 1936 45

The estimated prevalence of insomnia in cancer patients varies between 20% and 50%, which is substantially higher than the general population. To date, little is known about the risk factors for insomnia in patients with cancer. This study examines the prevalence and predictors of insomnia in a population-based sample of women with ovarian cancer. Participants were 772 women participating in the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study - Quality of Life Study. Insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Demographic, disease and treatment variables, and psychosocial variables, including anxiety and depression, support care needs and social support and coping, were investigated as potential predictors of insomnia. Twenty-seven percent of women reported sub-clinical symptoms of insomnia (ISI score 8-14) and 17% reported clinically significant insomnia (ISI score 15-28). Three variables were significant predictors of clinically significant insomnia: young age (<50 years: Odds Ratio (OR)=2.36; Confidence Interval (CI) 1.06-5.26; 50-59 years: OR=2.73; CI 1.33-5.64) relative to 70+ years; higher unmet needs in the physical/daily living domain (OR=1.02; CI 1.01-1.03) and elevated anxiety (sub-clinical anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score 8-10): OR=1.83; CI 1.04-3.24; clinical anxiety (HADS score 11-21): OR=2.03; CI 1.08-3.85). In contrast to predictors of primary insomnia, women with cancer aged <60 years were more likely to report clinical levels of insomnia than women of 70+ years. Consistent with primary insomnia, elevated anxiety predicted insomnia in women with ovarian cancer. Given that both anxiety and insomnia are relatively common, and the relationship may potentially be bi-directional, the efficacy of interventions targeting insomnia and anxiety, rather than insomnia alone, is worthy of consideration.
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PMID:Prevalence and predictors of insomnia in women with invasive ovarian cancer: anxiety a major factor. 1954 Jul 48

In this paper, we employ a classical experiment to determine if welfare reform causes poor women to experience increased levels of clinical anxiety and depression. We organize our analyses around the insights provided by lifestyle change and ecosocial theories of illness. Our data come from the New Jersey Family Development Program (FDP), one of the most highly publicized welfare experiments in the U.S. A sample of 8393 women was randomly assigned into two groups, one which stressed welfare-to-work and the other which offered traditional welfare benefits. These women were followed from 1992 through 1996 and information on clinical diagnoses was collected quarterly from physician treatment claims to the government Medicaid program. Our intention-to-treat estimates show that for short-term welfare recipients FDP decreased the prevalence of anxiety by 40% and increased depression by 8%. For black women both anxiety and depression diagnoses declined while Hispanic women experienced a 68% increase in depression. We discuss several public policy implications which arise from our work.
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PMID:Experimental evidence of welfare reform impact on clinical anxiety and depression levels among poor women. 2043 51

The purpose was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with glaucoma. This case-control study was carried out with 121 participants with glaucoma (M age=64.2, SD=13.2; 68 women, 76.0% married) and 64 controls. The data were collected by using a data collection form involving questions on patients' specific characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Rate of clinical anxiety was 14.0% and depression 57.0% among the participants with glaucoma. The anxiety risk in women with glaucoma was found to be 7.5 times higher than in men. Risk of depression was 2.94 times higher in unmarried compared to married participants. Anxiety scores were higher in unmarried participants and women. The mean Depression score was statistically significantly higher for unmarried participants. The incidence of depression and anxiety increased with decreasing quality of life scores. Quality of life was associated negatively with anxiety and depression in patients with glaucoma. Evaluating quality of life, anxiety, and depression in older individuals who have glaucoma and examining the risk factors are important to provide earlier health care service and preventive psychological treatment.
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PMID:Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in Turkish patients with glaucoma. 2052 33


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