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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examines the relative contribution of factors associated with anxious and depressed mood, and clinical anxiety and depression in SLE. Eighty sequentially consenting patients attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic were assessed on measures of anxiety and depression; disease activity; presence of autoantibodies; neuropsychological performance; and psychological and social factors. Mood and mood disorders were found to be unrelated to measures of disease activity but were found to be associated with psychological and social factors. These findings emphasise the importance of psychosocial factors in attempts to understand mood and psychological distress in SLE.
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PMID:Factors associated with mood and mood disorders in SLE. 852 23

The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were evaluated in two studies using large clinical samples (N = 437 and N = 241). In Study 1, the three scales comprising the DASS were shown to have excellent internal consistency and temporal stability. An exploratory factor analysis (principal components extraction with varimax rotation) yielded a solution that was highly consistent with the factor structure previously found in nonclinical samples. Between-groups comparisons indicated that the DASS distinguished various anxiety and mood disorder groups in the predicted direction. In Study 2, the conceptual and empirical latent structure of the DASS was upheld by findings from confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations between the DASS and other questionnaire and clinical rating measures of anxiety, depression, and negative affect demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. In addition to supporting the psychometric properties of the DASS in clinical anxiety and mood disorders samples, the results are discussed in the context of current conceptualizations of the distinctive and overlapping features of anxiety and depression.
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PMID:Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples. 900 48

The emotional condition and cognitive function of 37 insulin requiring (IDD) and 46 non-insulin requiring (NIDD) diabetics (in stable conditions) were compared, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HAD) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). About 5% of IDD and 4% of NIDD had threshold score for clinical anxiety; while 37.8% of IDD and 15.2% of NIDD had depression. The prevalence rate of depression for the entire cohort was 25.3%, while the rate for anxiety was 4.8%. Only the illiterates among IDD had up to threshold score for depression. The most common reported symptoms were, the feelings of not being able to enjoy things as usual, and not looking forward with enjoyment to things. Cognitive function was predominantly normal, not being significantly associated with HAD scale scores, age, duration of illness and level of education. Compared with previous reports in the same hospital, diabetics experienced significantly less depressive symptoms than cancer patients. The findings are similar to reports from developed countries in showing that IDD subjects are more emotionally disturbed than NIDD subjects; and that depression is a commonly feature of chronic debilitating illness. Clinicians need to be sensitive to the emotional condition of their patients, because depression impairs the ability to comply with treatment and therefore mars prognosis.
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PMID:The psychological condition of a cohort of Nigerian diabetic subjects. 911 56

Few studies have directly examined the relationship between trait anxiety and explicit memory for emotionally congruent material. Evidence from clinically anxious subjects, however, suggests a recall bias favouring non-threatening words as opposed to threatening words. Two experiments are reported which examined the recall performance of high- and low-trait anxious subjects. Contrary to the clinical anxiety findings, there was evidence of a recall bias for threatening rather than non-threatening words in the high-trait anxious group. Further analysis, however, revealed that the recall bias was associated with state anxiety and depression levels rather than trait anxiety. The two experiments also showed that recall was greater for words appearing at the end of the list as opposed to words presented elsewhere in the list. The theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Anxiety and memory: a recall bias for threatening words in high anxiety. 915 77

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was evaluated in a Swedish population sample. The purpose of the study was to compare the HAD with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A secondary aim was to examine the factor structure of the HAD. The results indicated that the factor structure was quite strong, consistently showing two factors in the whole sample as well as in different subsamples. The correlations between the total HAD scale and BDI and STAI, respectively, were stronger than those obtained using the different subscales of the HAD (the anxiety and depression subscales). As expected, there was also a stronger correlation between the HAD and the non-physical items of the BDI. It was somewhat surprising that the factor analyses were consistently extracting two factors, 'depression' and 'anxiety', while on the other hand both BDI and STAI tended to correlate more strongly with the total HAD score than with the specific depression and anxiety HAD subscales. Nevertheless, the HAD appeared to be (as was indeed originally intended) a useful clinical indicator of the possibility of depression and clinical anxiety.
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PMID:Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD): some psychometric data for a Swedish sample. 935 Sep 57

Two studies investigated the relationship between attentional biases for negative information and dysphoria--both induced (Study 1) and naturally occurring (Study 2). In a modified dot probe task a series of word pairs was presented, and Ss responded to probes that replaced one of the words in each pair. The stimuli included depression-related, anxiety-related and neutral words. To examine the time course of the attentional biases, there were three exposure durations of the word pairs: 14 ms (+ 186 ms mask); 500 ms and 1000 ms. In Study 1, the depressed mood induction procedure was associated with greater vigilance for depression-related words at 500 ms, with a similar trend at 1000 ms. In Study 2, measures of depressed mood and vulnerability correlated positively with vigilance for negative words in the 1000 ms condition. There was no evidence from either study that depressed mood was associated with a pre-conscious bias for negative words (i.e. in the 14 ms masked exposure condition). However, this pre-conscious bias was associated with high trait anxiety in Study 2, consistent with previous research. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical and empirical work on cognitive biases in clinical and non-clinical anxiety and depression.
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PMID:Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria. 940 Nov 32

The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R.A., 1988. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 56, 893-897) is intended to assess clinical anxiety symptoms that are distinct from depressed mood, and there is some preliminary empirical support for this differential assessment. The BAI may serve a useful complementary role when used with the popular Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F., Emery, G., 1979. Cognitive Therapy of Depression: A Treatment Manual. Guilford Press, New York, NY; Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J., 1961. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 4, 561-571), in patients with mood and/or anxiety disorders. Accordingly, the present paper reports the results of the first confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck scales in a homogeneous, clinically depressed sample (137 outpatients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder). Results indicated that a multidimensional model of separate anxiety and depression factors had good fit to the data. However, the parameter estimate was very high (0.784) and a unidimensional, single-factor model of negative affectivity approached the criteria for good fit. It was concluded that the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories assess distinct anxiety and depression phenomena to a limited extent when used in a clinically depressed sample.
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PMID:Confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories in patients with major depression. 947 61

The way in which news about a cancer diagnosis or recurrence is broken can have a profound effect on the patient's psychological wellbeing. When the information given is perceived by the patient as too much to too little and resultant concerns remain undisclosed and unresolved there is a high risk that the patient will develop clinical anxiety and/or depression. Guidelines are provided, therefore, to help them appropriately. Strategies are also suggested which will allow the patient's concerns to be elicited in an efficient but caring manner.
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PMID:Breaking bad news. 963 Aug 58

A total of 87 patients admitted to two hospices during a 9 month period were assessed by trained nurses to determine their current concerns. These assessment interviews were tape recorded. A trained researcher then administered a semi structured concerns interview using the Concerns Checklist, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Patients reported an average of 6.5 concerns. Concerns about loss of independence and the family were most common. Although a third of the patient sample died within a short time after the interview, concerns about cancer, the future and dying were infrequent. Using a threshold score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale of > 19 to allow for the effect of disease, 17% of the sample were judged to be probable cases of clinical anxiety and/or depression. There was a strong association between the number of concerns patients experienced and psychological distress (p < 0.001). Concerns about pain and treatment were particularly associated with anxiety whereas concerns about disability were linked with depressed mood. Concerns about cancer were linked with both anxious and depressive changes in mood (p < 0.001). The study highlights the diverse nature of hospice patients' concerns and shows a clear link between psychological distress and number of concerns expressed by patients.
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PMID:The relationship between patients' concerns and psychological distress in a hospice setting. 988 91

Facial arthromyalgia (temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome, TMD) is a chronic pain condition of unknown origin. This paper examines the extent to which the condition is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. It also identifies factors which may be predictive of raised levels of these two moods and of the presence of clinical anxiety and clinical depression. Self-report measures of pain beliefs, coping strategies, pain intensity, disability and mood were administered to a sample of 80 facial arthromyalgia patients of differing chronicity. The results showed anxious mood to be associated with several factors including beliefs that pain is itself worsened by negative mood, passive coping in terms of catastrophising about pain, and speech problems. Depressed mood was associated with catastrophising and disability in the form of disturbance in taste and digestion. These factors may be considered as potential targets for therapy, rather than the orthodox objective of pain relief.
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PMID:Factors associated with anxiety and depression in facial arthromyalgia. 1066 27


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