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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats (200-260 g) were exposed in sealed, recycling chambers continuously for 2-30 days to gas mixtures designed to maintain the same alveolar PO2 in the presence or absence of inert gas. Mixtures with inert gas (N2, He, or Ne) were at ground level; those without inert gas (100 percent O2) were in an altitude chamber. The O2 categories were: I-100 percent O2 at 747 torr; II-74 percent O2 + 26 percent inert and 566 torr 100 percent O2; III-47 percent O2 + 53 percent inert and 381 torr 100 percent O2; IV-21 percent O2 + 79 percent inert and 197 torr 100 percent O2. One of the two room-air controls was "restricted-fed" to the level of the lowest intake group. Measurements included body, pituitary, and thyroid weight, food and water intake, plasma volume and hematocrit, pituitary and plasma TSH, and plasma PBI. Severe depression in all variables and over 50 percent mortality was seen in I by day 4. All variables were depressed in II, but there was no mortality to 20 days. Pituitary-thyroid function appeared to be particularly sensitive to depression by hyperoxia, with plasma TSH levels reduced between 42 and 60 percent in II and III. No effect was attributable to the inert gas, whether it was N2, He, or Ne, nor was any specific effect traceable to the presence or absence of inert gas.
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PMID:Pituitary-thyroid function of rats in hypobaric oxygen-inert gas environments. 80 43

The cardiovascular and haematological effects of purified prothrombin activator derived from the venom of the Australian Common Brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis) were studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Severe depression of systemic blood pressure and cardiac output and a rise in central venous pressure were observed. Thrombocytopenia, prolongation of both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and a reduction in serum fibrinogen were also observed. All of these observed effects were prevented by the prior administration of heparin--a naturally occurring anticoagulant. We conclude that the prothrombin activator in Pseudonaja textilis venom may cause cardiovascular depression due to myocardial dysfunction secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:The cardiovascular and haematological effects of purified prothrombin activator from the common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) and their antagonism with heparin. 160 37

8 general practitioners and 7 specialists in the field of psychiatry and neurology participated in this study evaluating the results of fluoxetine treatment in outpatients with depression in respect to safety and efficacy. They were familiarized with the requisite instruments by video rater training. The study was designed as a randomised double-blind parallel study involving 139 patients, comparing the effects of a daily dosage of 20 mg fluoxetine, 40 mg fluoxetine and 50 mg clomipramine. The number of patients treated in each group was 45, 46, and 48, respectively and altogether 125 completed the four-week study (five visits). A comparison of overall efficacy ratings showed significant antidepressant efficacy in all three treatment groups. On day 14 of the study (visit 4), patients receiving 40 mg fluoxetine showed significantly (p less than 0.05) better global improvement than patients receiving clomipramine. Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. The frequency of adverse events in response to fluoxetine was lower than under clomipramine treatment. On comparing treatment by psychiatrist and general practitioner no significant differences were found regarding age, sex, number of previous episodes and duration of the recent episode and outcome. Severe depression tended to be treated by psychiatrists; general practitioners prescribed additional medication less frequently.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of fluoxetine versus clomipramine in ambulatory patients with a depressive syndrome in a clinical trial with private practitioners]. 203 79

Depression is a universal experience, which affects approximately 15 percent of the population at any one time. Depression can be conceptualized as occurring on a continuum from first-level transitory to middle-level to severe-level depression. It involves an alteration in mood characterized by feelings of sadness and loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, the client's usual activities and pastimes. Alterations in thought, motor activity, somatic sensations, and social relationships are also associated with depression. Severe depression can also be associated with delusional thought patterns. Finally, depression can vary in length of duration; it can be transitory and short-lived or ongoing and chronic. Assessment of individual, family, and community factors is important in identifying the factors relevant to planning individualized care for the depressed client and his/her family. Nursing diagnosis includes problems of low self-esteem, feelings of despondency, suicidal thoughts/impulses, and vegetative signs of depression. Nursing interventions are guided by certain principles, and are best evaluated when expected client behaviors have been projected. In conclusion, the overwhelming majority of those who experience depression recover and achieve a higher level of wellness than before the depression; that is, if they use the opportunity to develop a more realistic view of self, others, and their world relationships.
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PMID:Signs and symptoms of depression and principles of nursing intervention. 350 69

In the open chest dog model, the response of the left ventricle exposed to acute mechanical hypertension was evaluated while the animals were receiving various concentrations of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane. Myocardial contractility was quantified by the end-systolic pressure-length relation (ESPL). When the mean aortic pressure was increased by 40% above the control value for a given concentration of inhalation agent, the end-diastolic volume increased and thereby maintained stroke work. However, as the end-tidal concentrations of the anesthetics increased, this compensatory mechanism became progressively more ineffective as a result of myocardial depression caused by the anesthetics. No evidence could be found of an improvement in myocardial contractility as the aortic pressure was increased. Mild depression of myocardial contractility could be demonstrated for 1.1 MAC halothane, 0.6 MAC enflurane, and 1.0 MAC isoflurane. Severe depression of contractility occurred at 2.3 MAC halothane, 1.2 MAC enflurane, and 1.5 MAC isoflurane.
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PMID:Response of the heart to acute hypertension during halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane anesthesia. 368 92

One hundred and forty women referred to the Southampton breast clinic had a psychiatric interview at home, before their first clinic attendance. The 107 subsequently diagnosed as having benign breast disease had a high rate of depressive symptomatology in comparison with women in published surveys of the general population. In the year before referral, 25 (23 per cent) had had definite depression and 19 (18 per cent) had had borderline depression: at the time of interview 9 (8 per cent) had major depression and 22 (21 per cent) had minor depression. Depression in these patients was associated with recent life events and social difficulties. Mood disturbance and psychosocial stress may lead to medical consultation about benign breast disease, or even contribute to its development. Severe depression was less common in the 33 patients who turned out to have breast cancer, though more of them had minor depression, and they reported fewer recent life events.
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PMID:Depression and social stress among patients with benign breast disease. 379 Sep 66

The purpose of this study was to determine whether streptokinase exacerbates intramyocardial hemorrhage during coronary reperfusion, has any intrinsic effect on myocardial infarct size other than its ability to lyse proximal thrombi in coronary arteries, and can abolish the no-reflow phenomenon. Anesthetized open-chest dogs underwent coronary occlusion for 3 hr followed by 3 hr of reperfusion. Area of infarct was assessed by tetrazolium staining, anatomic zone of no-reflow by injection of the fluorescent dye thioflavin S at the end of the reperfusion period, regional blood flow during occlusion and reperfusion by the radioactive microsphere technique, and extent of gross hemorrhage by assessment of photographic enlargements of the heart slices. Area of infarction of the left ventricle was similar in control (13.4 +/- 3.6%) and streptokinase-treated dogs (13.0 +/- 2.9%; p = NS). Seven of eight dogs in the untreated group had anatomic perfusion defects as assessed by thioflavin S at the end of the reperfusion phase; seven of eight dogs in the streptokinase group had anatomic perfusion defects. There was no difference in the extent of gross hemorrhage between the two groups (6.5 +/- 2.1% of left ventricle in controls and 5.7 +/- 2.3% in streptokinase-treated dogs). Severe depression of regional blood flow during reperfusion was present within the infarcted tissue and was associated with an anatomic perfusion defect as defined by thioflavin S; there was moderate depression of flow within the noninfarcted, salvaged subepicardium. In a separate series of experiments, infarcts were assessed for hemoglobin content. Intramyocardial hemoglobin levels were not higher after fibrinolytic therapy plus reperfusion compared with reperfusion alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of streptokinase on intramyocardial hemorrhage, infarct size, and the no-reflow phenomenon during coronary reperfusion. 674 55

Depression of the cardiopulmonary system of the horse during anesthesia is not an uncommon event. In many situations simple approaches for improving the function of the horse are necessary to avoid loss of life. This study has been completed utilizing an anesthetic approach frequently used in horses and a cardioresuscitative technique which can be utilized by the practicing veterinarian. Severe depression to arrest were produced experimentally and each animal was resuscitated through support of ventilation and circulation.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the horse. 726 87

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), a perennial flowering plant, has been used medicinally for thousands of years, and has most recently been identified as an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression. Clinical studies on the use of this plant for depression have utilized liquid tinctures and standardized solid extracts (0.3% hypericin--300 mg three times a day). Severe depression may also respond to this botanical, although it appears a larger dose is needed (600 mg solid extract three times a day). Hypericum has been favorably compared to numerous antidepressant drugs, the studies having revealed equivalent results and a much more favorable incidence of side effects. Studies have also demonstrated its efficacy in treating seasonal affective disorder. In vitro investigations of Hypericum show antiviral activity, although there is evidence these promising results might not occur in vivo. Traditional actions and uses include enhancement of wound healing, as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
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PMID:St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): clinical effects on depression and other conditions. 960 23

Identifying genetic loci at which mutations predispose individuals to common psychiatric illnesses will have major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. The available evidence indicates that mutations at the Wolfram syndrome locus contribute substantially to the prevalence of psychiatric illness in the general population. Patients with mutations at this locus on both parental chromosomes, called Wolfram syndrome homozygotes, have a distinctive and rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and bilateral progressive optic atrophy. Diverse and serious psychiatric manifestations frequently have been observed in Wolfram syndrome patients; however, the population burden of mental illness attributable to mutations at this locus is almost entirely from individuals who carry a single mutation, called Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes, who have no distinguishing physical characteristics but constitute approximately 1% of the population. Molecular genotyping of blood relatives of Wolfram syndrome patients has shown that Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes are 26-fold more likely than noncarriers to have a psychiatric hospitalization. Severe depression was the predominant finding in the test group studied. The prediction that approximately 25% of all patients hospitalized for depression are Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes now can be tested by mutation screening of hospitalized patients from the general population. Many other behavioral and cognitive difficulties also have been observed in Wolfram syndrome families. For each specific psychiatric abnormality, a "test group" of blood relatives within Wolfram syndrome families with that abnormality can be formed. By comparing the number of Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes found in each test group by molecular genotyping with the number expected under the null hypothesis, the index-test method can determine which clinical phenotypes result from mutations at the Wolfram syndrome locus. This method can be utilized to identify other loci at which mutations predispose individuals to psychiatric illnesses.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders and mutations at the Wolfram syndrome locus. 1081 37


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