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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The correlation between a premenstrual syndrome based on emotional symptoms and primary affective disorder was prospectively studied in 105 college freshmen. Students with premenstrual symptoms were twice as likely as controls to have a history of a serious depressive episodes and twice as likely to have a close family member with depression. Seven percent of women with premenstrual emotional symptoms and none of the controls had an affective episode during the ensuing year. The premenstrual syndrome did not interfere with academic performance and was not associated with any lowering of professional aspirations. The inconsistent results of past research on the relationship between depressive disorder and premenstrual symptoms may have been the consequence of differing definitions in different studies. The final answer on this possible association may result from using a clear definition of premenstrual symptoms based on emotional difficulties and a well defined research oriented criteria for the diagnoses of affective disorder.
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PMID:Premenstrual symptoms and depression in a university population. 123 86

A review of clinical experience with 163 patients with primary affective disorder indicates that patients with a history characterized by recurrent depression interspersed with periods of hypomania (bipolar II) may have clinical courses that are distinguishable from bipolar I (depression with histories of mania) or unipolar patients. A prior history of suicide attempt and suicide after discharge from the research unit were most frequent among bipolar II patients. The family histories of bipolar I and bipolar II patients revealed similarly increased morbid risks for bipolar illness, whereas no bipolar illness was found in the first-degree relatives of unipolar patients. The suggestion that patients classified as bipolar II be separately considered in future studies of affective disorder is discussed.
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PMID:Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness. 126 75

The author reviews the studies of lithium as an antidepressant, evaluates the evidence that there might be specific subgroup of patients for whom it is effective, and reports a study he and his associates conducted that found lithium to be effective for 13 of 21 depressed patients. He concludes that there is convincing, although not conclusive, evidence for an antidepressant effect of lithium and that only by identifying the subgroup of patients for whom it is effective can the continuing uncertainty surrounding lithium's role in affective disorder be resolved. He also calls for a reevaluation of the relationship between mania and depression.
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PMID:Lithium in the treatment of depression. 126 33

We looked for the present and past history of functional disorders, especially mood disorders among 215 inpatients with diagnosis of alcohol dependence using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Life-time Version (SADS-L). This same was determined in their first degree relatives using Family History--Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH--RDC). The incidence of mood disorders among probands was rather low--9.8% (bipolar--0.9%, recurrent depression--2.8%, minor depression--6.0%), the occurrence of other functional disorders was much more rare: 2 patients--panic disorder, 2--general anxiety disorders. Among first degree relatives only two had history of depression. The incidence of alcoholism was rather high, especially in men.
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PMID:[Depressive syndromes in patients dependent on alcohol with regard to mental disorders in the family]. 129 7

The rationale for the development of Repertory-Grid based quality of life assessment (QOL) is described. The emergent scale, the SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale (SBQOL) utilizes 23 predetermined constructs and three fixed elements: self now, ideal self and sick self. Inclusion of the latter two elements provides a personal frame of reference for the individual and recognizes the highly idiosyncratic and subjective nature of the experience which constitutes quality of life. A study of the validity and reliability of the SBQOL was conducted in 129 patients presenting to their GP with either major depression or generalized anxiety disorder, as defined by DSM III R. Patients were treated at the discretion of their GP and followed over a period of 12 weeks with assessments of treatment efficacy being performed at 6 weeks and 12 weeks in parallel with administration of the SBQOL. The results from co-administration of standard efficacy measures such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) with the SBQOL, provided good evidence of construct validity. Evidence in support of the concurrent validity of the SBQOL was provided by co-administration of the Sickness Impact Profile and General Health Questionnaire (external criteria) with the SBQOL scale. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were high. No obvious advantage was conferred by the use of principal components analysis from the Flexigrid software package in contrast to a simple arithmetical procedure for computing interelement distances. It is concluded that the SBQOL provides a valid, reliable and practicable approach to the assessment of quality of life in patients with affective disorder.
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PMID:The SmithKline Beecham 'quality of life' scale: a validation and reliability study in patients with affective disorder. 129 71

The authors compare the results of the analogous self-rating scale of affect with self report of affect (Hamilton Scale) in 57 patients with depression during the course of affective disorder. The ASRA seems to be particularly useful in the assessment of improvement in patients with slight or moderate depression.
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PMID:[The analogous self-rating scale of affect as a tool in the assessment of change of clinical status of patients with endogenous depression syndrome. A comparison with the Hamilton depression scale]. 130 99

On the basis of medical records of 353 patients with affective disorder from the years 1919-1938 and 1947-1990 it was found that some demographic and clinical changes occurred. Amongst others there was observed a rise in the percentage of patients with depression from 1/3 to 2/3 and a fall in the number of patients suffering from mania.
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PMID:[Selected demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with affective disorder treated in the Tworki Hospital in the years 1919- 1938 and 1947-1990]. 130 3

Theorists have extrapolated the cholinergic supersensitivity theory of affective disorder from a convincing and broad spectrum of clinical observation and research. This hypothesis is tested using a neuroendocrine probe approach with the challenge drug pyridostigmine, an indirect cholinergic agent thought to release growth hormone (GH) by decreasing inhibitory somatostatin tone. The consequent increments in plasma GH were considered to reflect central acetylcholine responsivity. Fifty-four volunteers were tested: 27 DSM-III-R major depressives (18 women and 9 men) and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Subjects were cannulated at 9.00 h following an overnight fast and two baseline samples were taken at 15 min intervals. Pyridostigmine 120 mg was administered orally and thereafter samples were taken at the time points +60, +90, +120 and +180 min. GH responses were significantly greater in depressives than controls and this effect was more marked for men than women. These results support the proposal that muscarinic upregulation and/or supersensitivity is associated with depression.
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PMID:Pyridostigmine-induced growth hormone responses in healthy and depressed subjects: evidence for cholinergic supersensitivity in depression. 131 44

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of depression were studied in 110 randomly chosen patients attending a general medicine outpatient facility. Two psychiatrists evaluated depression according to DSM-III-R criteria and measured the intensity of depression using the Hamilton scale. 25 cases were diagnosed as Mood disorders and 8 as Adaptative disorders. Depression was minor in all cases. Anxiety and somatic complaints were the main symptoms. The influence of the classification system used, demographic and seasonal factors are discussed.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of depression in general medicine patients]. 134 May 53

Seasonal relapses of affective disorder are known. We report 12 patients who had season-linked relapses during a prospective follow-up period of 4 years. There were both winter and summer relapses of mania and depression. The centre is in the tropical zone, with lesser variation of sunshine and temperature than in more extreme latitudes. This may inference the pattern of relapse in affective disorder. Differences in relapses between tropical and temperate zones need to be investigated.
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PMID:Seasonal relapses in affective disorder in the Tropics: a prospective follow-up of 12 patients. 136 Jan 67


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