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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Children of substance abusing parents have an elevated risk for experiencing disruptions in household composition and for engaging in problem behaviors. This study investigated whether multiple parent figure transitions predicted the likelihood of delinquency and drug use among a sample of early adolescents with parents receiving methadone treatment for opiate addiction. Controlling for baseline delinquency, child characteristics, family conflict, parental depression, and parent criminal history, a greater number of parenting disruptions during the longitudinal study period was associated with a higher probability of delinquent behavior. Gender moderated the effect of parent figure transitions in a parallel analysis for drug use. After accounting for baseline drug use and potentially confounding factors, only adolescent females had a higher likelihood of drug use as the number of family disruptions increased. In contrast, age was strongly associated with drug use for males. A subgroup of youths who experienced tremendous family instability and had no single consistent parent figure during the study period were at extreme risk for delinquent behavior. The findings are interpreted in terms of cumulative stress resulting from multiple parenting disruptions over time and differential influences on the expression of problem behaviors depending on gender.
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PMID:Parent figure transitions and delinquency and drug use among early adolescent children of substance abusers. 1221 58

It has been suggested that the penal system creates an environment in which sexuality is used both to assert control over others and to react against depression and frustration. Due to the tendency of closed institutions to vest power and decision-making in the upper-level hierarchy, institutional authorities are often reluctant to place the design, control, and implementation of AIDS intervention programs in the hands of juvenile inmates. A study investigated the sexual behavior and AIDS-related knowledge of pupils at an Industrial School for Boys in Cape Town, South Africa. Questionnaires were administered to 259 boys aged 13-21 years during normal school hours and in the absence of school officials. The pupils were first taught how to indicate their choice of answer during a practice session and then the questions and possible alternative questions were read to them in groups of 30. Findings revealed that the pupils generally lacked accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, although 93% knew that sexual intercourse can result in HIV transmission. Different strategies should be formulated to adequately address the issues of AIDS and juvenile delinquency. It must also be recognized that children who have the opportunity to develop within an environment fostering healthy self-concepts and strong social skills are less vulnerable to both juvenile delinquency and HIV infection.
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PMID:HIV prevention and high-risk behaviour in juvenile correctional institutions. 1228 53

The Population Association of America Annual Meeting, held in San Francisco April 6-8, 1995, generated papers on the key demographic themes of marriage, birth, mortality, and migration. In the US 47% of people between the ages of 25 and 44 have lived with an unmarried partner for some period, up from 37% during 1987-1988. For teenagers, absence of contact with fathers is associated with symptoms of depression, becoming a teen parent, and delinquency. Single fathers in 1990 were younger and had lower incomes than in the past. About 40% of nonpaying fathers had children out of wedlock; 30% to 48% had low or no income. The tendency of Whites to leave or avoid minority neighborhoods is due to perceptions about crime, quality of the schools, neighborhood deterioration, and the socioeconomic level of neighbors. Although African-American death rates generally are higher than those of Whites, the pattern seems to reverse itself after age 85. Surprisingly, survival probability at ages 80-95 for US Whites is higher than that in Europe and Japan. When immigrants enter an area, there is not much evidence of low-skilled native-born people moving out. Families with undocumented heads received an average of $6,080 in welfare benefits, while refugees received $10,444. The Social Security system is shifting large amounts of money from regions of the country with younger age structures, such as California, to states with older age structures, such as Florida. Among other topics, the remarkably low total fertility rate of 3.4 in the Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health Survey was questioned as biased; the infant mortality data for Tajikistan appeared to be suspect; the diffusion of information about family planning in Africa was mentioned; the significance of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development regarding reproductive health services was hailed; and USAID's designing of indicators in safe pregnancy, breastfeeding, and women's nutrition was related.
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PMID:Report from PAA. 1228 24

This study aims at comparative analysis between externalized and internalized behavior of adolescents. The girls were grouped into a group of suicide attempters and non-attempters. The group of attempters was patients taken to child departments of Psychiatry clinics after attempting a suicide. Lithuanian students formed the control group of the study. The groups were similar in respect of age, gender and place of living. Suicide attempters demonstrated more evident problems of internalized behavior. Their depressiveness was found to be at the higher levels, also they presented more somatic complaints. There was a statistically important difference on scales of depressiveness (p < or = 0.001) and somatic complaints (p < or = 0.001). The suicide attempters also reported a bigger number of other problems than girls of control group did. The values of subscales of aggression and delinquency were much higher than ones in the control group (p < or = 0.001). The research shows that the attempters often have not only emotional problems, but also are more aggressive and demonstrate more behavioral problems than the rest of children. Disobedience in relationships with adults and breaking of existing rules are those symptoms of conduct disorder, which have the strongest relationship with suicidal attempts among adolescent girls. Depression symptoms of sad mood and suicidal thinking had the strongest relation to suicidal attempts of the adolescents.
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PMID:[Externalizing and internalizing problems of adolescent suicide attempters]. 1247 88

The aim of research is to compare behavior and emotional problems of children with learning disabilities to problems of children without learning disabilities. Parents of 67 children with learning disabilities and of 60 children without learning disabilities were asked to fill in Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 4/18; Achenbach, 1991). Children with learning disabilities had significantly more internal (somatic complaints, isolation, anxiety/depression) and external problems (aggression and delinquency) as well as attention and social problems. The research showed that children with learning disabilities are at greater risk for psychosocial adjustment difficulties. Limitations of the study are discussed.
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PMID:[Behavioral and emotional problems of children with learning disabilities]. 1247 94

This study reports patterns of involvement in a family-focused preventive intervention, Schools and Families Educating (SAFE) Children, targeting early predictors of risk for delinquency and drug use among 175 African American and Latino first-grade children living in economically disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods. Three empirically derived patterns emerged: joiners, responders, and minimal responders. Joiners were immediately responsive and enthusiastic and participated fully. Responders attended fully only after extensive effort was made to recruit and retain them. However, once engaged, they attended fully and participated with enthusiasm. Minimal responders attended a few sessions sporadically even with extensive, ongoing effort to engage them. Ethnicity, marital status, parental antisocial behavior, economic and loss stressors, monitoring, and child's depression and hyperactivity were significant discriminators of group membership.
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PMID:Predictors of participation in a family-focused preventive intervention for substance use. 1250 77

This prospective study with 464 older adolescents (14 to 19 years at Time 1; 16 to 21 years at Time 2) tested the structural paths of influence through which perceived self-efficacy for affect regulation operates in concert with perceived behavioral efficacy in governing diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Self-efficacy to regulate positive and negative affect is accompanied by high efficacy to manage one's academic development, to resist social pressures for antisocial activities, and to engage oneself with empathy in others' emotional experiences. Perceived self-efficacy for affect regulation essentially operated mediationally through the latter behavioral forms of self-efficacy rather than directly on prosocial behavior, delinquent conduct, and depression. Perceived empathic self-efficacy functioned as a generalized contributor to psychosocial functioning. It was accompanied by prosocial behavior and low involvement in delinquency but increased vulnerability to depression in adolescent females.
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PMID:Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. 1279 89

In this longitudinal study, reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms and delinquent behavior were examined for a sample of 1,218 male and female adolescents (mean age, 15.51 years at Time 1). Associations were examined within a latent variable approach, controlling for indicator-specific tendencies, students' age and parental education, time-specific 3rd-variable influences, level of prior problem behavior, and measurement error. Findings thus provided relatively unbiased estimates of existing plausible causal relations. Analyses revealed a relatively small unidirectional effect of delinquency on depression for boys (at 1 of 3 time points), and bidirectional effects of comparable size for girls. The circular process for the girls was explained drawing on gender socialization theory and theories of offending behavior. Implications for preventive interventions are also discussed.
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PMID:A longitudinal latent variable analysis of reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms and delinquency during adolescence. 1467 75

Using a sample of 615 middle school and high school students from both rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China, this study tests the central hypotheses concerning the mediating model in Agnew's general strain theory. The analyses focus on the intervening mechanisms of negative emotions such as anger, resentment, anxiety, and depression that connect exposure to interpersonal strain with delinquent outcomes, including both serious delinquency and minor offenses. The results show that anger mediates the effect of interpersonal strain on violence, resentment mediates the effect of interpersonal strain on nonviolent delinquency, and anxiety and depression have a mediating effect on the relationships between interpersonal strain and minor offenses. The findings are generally consistent with the results of earlier studies in the United States.
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PMID:Life strain, negative emotions, and delinquency: An empirical test of general strain theory in the People's Republic of China. 1514 8

The associations among suicidal behavior, negative affect, and delinquency were assessed via an anonymous self-report survey administered to male and female college students ( N = 383). Contrary to our hypothesized results, there were no gender differences in rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. Confirming our hypotheses about gender differences, college men did report significantly more delinquent behavior than college women. College men also scored higher on the suicide-proneness scale, which contained a mixture of death-related, risk-related, and negative self- and health-related items. Furthermore, as predicted, college students with a history of depression, suicide ideation, and/or suicide attempts all reported significantly more delinquent behavior. Self-reported delinquency and current levels of depressive symptomology emerged as significant predictors of suicide-prone behavior for both college men and women, explaining 34% of the variance for women and 17% for men. Levels of engagement in suicide-prone behavior and feelings of depression were elevated in college students with any type of juvenile arrest history. Students with an arrest history were also more likely to have had a diagnosis of depression and to have engaged in suicide ideation in their past. These findings suggest there are complex links between depression, delinquency, and suicidal behavior in college men and women.
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PMID:Suicidal behavior, negative affect, gender, and self-reported delinquency in college students. 1538 80


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