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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A widespread belief that adolescence is marked by disturbance may have contributed to a lack of interest in psychiatric symptomatology in adolescents. There are few studies of adolescent gender differences. Adolescents (N = 497) from three Chicago area high schools, representing a broad socioeconomic spectrum, were administered the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire, the Delinquency Checklist, and the Symptom Checklist in which they self-report on self-image, experience of symptoms, and delinquent behavior, respectively. Results show that adolescent girls are more prone to report inwardly directed psychiatric symptomatology, such as depression and anxiety, than are adolescent boys; adolescent boys are more prone to report acting out behaviorally. Gender is an important aspect of treating adolescent patients.
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PMID:Gender differences in adolescent symptomatology: a normative study. 273 6

What happens to deprived children when they grow up? The authors tried to answer this question by initially selecting 34 subjects clearly identified as suffering a deprivation syndrome in their youth. Following theoretical considerations, the authors formulated hypotheses which they attempted to verify by comparing the nine adult subjects available who had suffered deprivation during their youth with whom they were able to establish contact with nine others diagnosed as neurotic (the control group). The authors predicted that the deprived subjects would present more disability as adults than the neurotic ones. They were predicted to be more inclined towards delinquency and depression. It was hypothesized that they would not drift into psychosis, psychosomatic illness or become "young chronics". We did not expect that they would move very much on the social scale. The authors seized the opportunity to learn more about the satisfaction with the psychiatric interventions experienced during their youth. In this study, the authors used a questionnaire and four scales of the MMPI to compare the two groups. The deprived subjects demonstrated more maladaptation with a strong tendency towards delinquency and possibly depression. They were not mobile on the social scale, and did not drift into psychosomatic illnesses or become "young chronics" but some psychosis was observed among them. In the final discussion, the authors discuss the limitations of the study due to the size of the sample and problems of the methodology, along with ways that this could be strengthened in order to more successfully answer some of the questions raised.
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PMID:[The outcome of deprived infants: a retrospective study]. 276 7

American Indians are the most severely disadvantaged of any population within the United States. By adolescence, Indian children show higher rates of suicide, alcoholism, drug abuse, delinquency, and out-of-home placement. School achievement is severely compromised, and many youths drop out before graduation from high school. The Indian child understands the environment through intuitive, visual, and pictorial means, but success in the Anglo school is largely dependent on auditory processing, abstract conceptualization, and language skills. This difference compounds existing problems of poverty, dislocation, alienation, depression and intergenerational conflict and can partially account for the higher rate of emotional and behavioral problems among Indian adolescents.
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PMID:Current status and future directions of research on the American Indian child. 330 62

Over the past decade, there has been growing awareness among medical educators and care providers of the deficits in the training of primary care physicians to meet the health care needs of adolescents. The study reported here is the first national survey of primary care physicians' perceptions of their competency in dealing with adolescents' health concerns. In the survey, 351 internists, family practitioners, and pediatricians rated their competency in 19 areas of adolescent health care. Approximately three-quarters or more of the internists indicated deficits in all 19 areas. In areas related to gynecologic concerns, more pediatricians reported deficits than family physicians; but more family physicians than pediatricians reported deficiencies in managing acute conditions of youth (growth and developmental problems, endocrinopathies, school-based problems, and chronic illnesses). All physicians indicated deficiencies in dealing with high-risk health behaviors: eating disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, homosexuality, and delinquency. Finally, more than 45 percent of the physicians overall reported deficiencies in areas related to social and/or emotional concerns, including suicide, depression, and family conflicts. Despite these acknowledged deficits, most of the primary care physicians did not indicate adolescents to be the least desirable age group with which to work. However, few of the physicians expressed a desire to improve their skills. Overall, in none of the 19 areas did more than 30 percent of the physicians who had reported deficiencies in an area express interest in improving their competency.
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PMID:Physicians' assessment of deficiencies and desire for training in adolescent care. 357 19

The delinquency of the depressed numerically only plays an unimportant role. The 'extended suicide' is regarded as the most typical and simultaneously most tragic delict. Almost exclusively this concerns severely depressed young mothers of 30 to 40 years of age, who in a delusional frame of mind include their children in their suicide, in order to prevent them from a presumably unavoidable disaster. Suicidality and aggressivity are intimately related phenomena, which should be treated in a forensic-psychiatric manner. Criminal acts, such as sexual and property delicts arising from an acting out of inner tension, may occur in anxiety or manic-depressive states of a mixed character. Although as a whole infrequent, the criminogenous importance of especially milder forms of depression is obviously often overlooked.
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PMID:Depression and criminality. 357 24

In this study, data on sexual victimization in the histories of 89 Canadian male runaways as well as information on physical victimization, family structure, family financial stability, delinquent and criminal activities, and reasons for running away from home were evaluated. The population of male runaways evidenced dramatically higher rates of sexual and physical abuse than did randomly sampled populations. Sexually abused and nonsexually abused male runaways shared characteristics noted in the literature as common to runaways: problem families, high rates of delinquency, depression, tension, low self-image, and history of physical abuse. Sexually abused male runaways differed from nonsexually abused runaways in their reactions to their runaway event, with sexually abused male runaways responding in highly avoidant patterns coupled with extreme withdrawal from all types of interpersonal relationships. These differences are explained as consistent with known sequelae of sexual abuse, and the implications for treatment by runaway shelters and for further research are suggested.
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PMID:Histories of sexual abuse in adolescent male runaways. 361 42

In order to examine the possibility of neuropsychological impairment in juvenile delinquency, 99 adolescents (male = 64, female = 35) consecutively admitted to a residential treatment center for delinquents were assessed using the Halstead-Reitan Battery and 12 additional neuropsychological tests. For comparison purposes, a nondelinquent control group comprised of 47 adolescent volunteers (male = 29, female = 18) from regular classrooms were also assessed. No significant differences were found between the two groups in age, sex, or handedness. Clinical interpretation of the neuropsychological test profiles revealed a greater percentage of abnormal profiles within the delinquent than nondelinquent group (84 vs. 11 per cent) and a specific pattern of deficits implicating anterior dysfunction that was greater in the nondominant (right) than dominant hemisphere. Discriminant function analysis based on 12 neuropsychological test factors or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests correctly classified approximately 85 per cent of the delinquents and nondelinquents. The particular pattern of deficits implicating anterior cerebral dysfunction that was predominately localized to the right hemisphere is discussed with regard to a significantly lower than average number of violent adolescents in this sample and the high percentage of delinquents exhibiting characteristics of depression.
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PMID:Neuropsychological impairment of persistent delinquency. 706 11

The epidemiology and correlates of depressive mood were measured in a representative sample of public high school students in New York State and a subsample matched to their parents. Depressive mood was measured by a self-reported scale validated in a clinical sample. Adolescents with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder scored higher than those with other psychiatric diagnoses. In the general adolescent sample, ex differences in depressive mood paralleled those previously reported for adults, with girls scoring higher than boys. Adolescents reported higher depressive mood than their parents, with the differences greater in daughter-mother than in son-father pairs. If judged by mood differences, adolescence was a stressful period in the life cycle. Lowest levels of adolescent depressive mood correlated with high levels of attachment both to parents and to peers. Sex differences in depressive mood in adolescents may be accounted for by masked depression and increased delinquency among boys as compared with girls.
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PMID:Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents: an empirical study. 712 50

Eighteen percent of the 120 delinquent boys in a training school were found to be depressed when DSM III criteria for Major Depressive Disorder were utilitzed. Contrary to expectations, the prevalence of depression was not significantly more frequent among socialized, undersocialized, aggressive or nonaggressive subtypes. A comparison of depressive symptomatology among the depressed and nondepressed delinquents revealed that psychomotor agitation was not significantly different in the two groups. Over one-third of all parents were depressed and the authors suggest that this could be a contributory factor in the development of delinquency.
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PMID:Depression in diagnostic subtypes of delinquent boys. 716 85

The present investigation tested the hypothesis that childhood behavioral problems are differentially associated with clinical symptoms in adult-onset schizophrenia. Parents of 29 schizophrenic patients completed questionnaires concerning (1) the childhood behaviors of all their offspring from birth through 15 years of age, and (2) the symptomatology of their schizophrenic offspring. The childhood behavior scale was a modified version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (1991). Scores were derived for six childhood behavior problem factors: Withdrawal, Anxiety/Depression, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, and Aggression/Delinquency. Ratings of symptoms were based on parental versions of Andreasen's Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS; 1983) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS; 1981). Symptomatology scores were computed from the SANS and SAPS following Malla et al.'s (1993) and Liddle's (1987b) tri-dimensional concept of schizophrenia: Reality Distortion, Psychomotor Poverty and Cognitive Disorganization. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relation between childhood behavior and adult symptomatology in the schizophrenic patients. The results indicated that the Psychomotor Poverty and Cognitive Disorganization dimensions in adult patients are positively associated with Withdrawn behavior and inversely associated with Anxious/Depressed characteristics in childhood. The results are discussed in light of the distinction between primary and secondary negative symptoms, and the three dimension concept of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Childhood behavioral precursors of adult symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. 757 64


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