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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-one burn patients were studied in a retrospective manner to determine the effects of the burn injury on their ability to return to their pre-burn physical and social status. The results of this study indicate that: 1) 79% of the patients were able to return to work or school, though 45% required a change in work and 25% were not able to continue with their peer groups in school; 2) the average time of disability was 6 months; 3) there was a significant psychological morbidity as demonstrated by self-confessed depression, juvenile delinquency and divorce. There is a need for awareness of these problems so that proper counseling can be offered to the burn patient and his family both during his hospitalization and after discharge.
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PMID:Burn morbidity: a followup study of physical and psychological disability. 124 98

The single most important risk factor for adolescent suicide is a previous attempt. It is unclear if physicians can identify adolescents who have attempted suicide. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of previous attempts in an adolescent clinic population, if physicians identify attempters, and if attempters demonstrate persistent distress. Of 332 patients aged 12-19 years attending a medical clinic, 48 (14.5%) reported a previous attempt. The physician's visit note documented that only 8 (16.7%) of the 48 attempters were asked about suicidal behavior. Attempters were more likely than nonattempters (p less than 0.05) to be female; to come to clinic without a guardian; to give a chief complaint pertaining to sexually transmitted disease, obstetrics-gynecology, or mental health; and to report previous mental health care. Attempters had poorer mean scores (p less than 0.05) on validated subscales for family relationships, social competence, depression, unpopularity, somatic complaints, thought disorders, delinquency, aggression, and identity. We conclude that suicide attempts are common among adolescent clinic patients, that physicians may not recognize attempters, and that attempters remain distressed and in need of care. Physicians who see adolescents for routine medical problems must consider the potential for self-destructive behavior, regardless of the presenting complaint.
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PMID:Adolescent suicide attempters: do physicians recognize them? 161 Aug 44

This paper reports the preliminary findings of an epidemiological study of 3,000 children ages four and five in the Shanghai area. Associations were investigated between problems in the narrow band syndromes of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and certain sociodemographic variables (a one-child family, other social circumstances related to the family). No strong evidence emerged of a distinct psychopathology associated with children from single-child families, although there was a significant correlation between being an only child and having social withdrawal problems. Delinquent behaviour and hyperactivity were more frequent among boys, while somatic complaints, schizoid or anxious, and depression were more frequent among girls. A four year follow-up study of 433 children from the original group who continued to have problems showed a marked increase in hyperactive syndrome problems; this suggests the existence of a clinically identifiable group of behaviourally disturbed children. Early identification allows for early treatment and comparison of the relative efficacy of early and late treatment approaches.
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PMID:Behavioural problems among preschool age children in Shanghai: analysis of 3,000 cases. 161 86

Aspects of the morbidity, growth, and psychopathology were studied in 186 children living in the barrio of La Coma, a marginal urban zone of Valencia. The children were compared with 100 controls randomly selected at the emergency room of the La Fe Children's Hospital. The barrio of La Coma contained around 5000 low income and disadvantaged residents. 46% of the population was under 16 and 20% were gypsies. Parents or grandparents of the 186 subjects and 100 controls were interviewed in 1991. 2 groups of 55 subjects and 100 controls aged 12- 14 were formed for the study of mental health. 2 questionnaire scales measuring children's anxiety levels were used, the "State Trait Anxiety Inventory of Children" and the "Children's Anxiety Scale". The "Children's Depression" questionnaire scale was used to measure symptoms of depression, and a scale test was used to obtain personality profiles. Both groups were similar in age, sex, and birth place. The control group had a significantly higher average duration of residence in the current location, 14.46 years vs. 3.86 years. The subject children were significantly less likely to have health coverage and more likely to live in female-headed households. The average educational level of the subject children's parents was lower, they were less likely to own their homes, and they had significantly fewer consumer goods such as telephones, automobiles, and televisions. None of the control children lived in households affected by drug addiction, prostitution, delinquency, or alcoholism, but 13.2% of subject children had at least one family member with one of these conditions. Control children were significantly more likely to have received prenatal care and to be completely vaccinated. No significant differences were observed in rates of prematurity or low birth weight, initiation of breastfeeding, dental caries in children over 15 months old, incidence of respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, weight, or anxiety. Control children were significantly taller than subject children. Subject children had significantly higher rates of depression and of personality disorders and overall psychological pathology.
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PMID:[Morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology in marginal populations in suburban areas]. 163 46

Describes a conceptual framework for identifying and targeting developmental antecedents in early childhood that have been shown in previous work to predict delinquency and violent behavior, heavy drug use, depression, and other psychiatric symptoms and possibly disorders in late adolescence and into adulthood. Criteria are described that guided choices of targets for two epidemiologically based, randomized preventive trials carried out in 19 elementary schools in the eastern half of Baltimore, involving more than 2,400 first-grade children over the course of first and second grades. Baseline models derived from the first of two cohorts show the evolving patterns of concurrence among the target antecedents. The central role of concentration problems emerged. From Fall to Spring in first grade, concentration problems led to shy and aggressive behavior and poor achievement in both genders and to depressive symptoms among girls. There was evidence for reciprocal relationships in girls. For example, depressive symptoms led to poor achievement in both girls and boys, whereas poor achievement led to depressive symptoms in girls but not boys, at least over the first-grade year. These results provide important epidemiological data relevant to the developmental paths leading to the problem outcomes and suggest preventive trials.
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PMID:Developmental epidemiologically based preventive trials: baseline modeling of early target behaviors and depressive symptoms. 175 36

Childhood peer rejection, aggression, withdrawal, and perceived competence were compared as predictors of self-reported behavior problems. Peer sociometric status (Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli, 1982), teacher ratings of behavior problems (Lorion, Cowen, & Caldwell, 1975), and perceived competence ratings (Harter, 1982) were obtained for 613 second- through fourth-grade children. Two years later, these students completed a modified version of the Youth Self-Report from (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1987). Rejected children and neglected girls were more likely to have a self-reported nonspecific negative outcome than others. Neglected girls were at heightened risk for depression. A varied set of predictors obtained from different informants emerged for each sex for each of the specific self-reported outcomes of depression, unpopularity, delinquency, aggression, and self-destructive/identity problems. Results are discussed in terms of future directions for longitudinal research on the consequences of poor peer relationships in childhood.
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PMID:Childhood peer rejection, aggression, withdrawal, and perceived competence as predictors of self-reported behavior problems in preadolescence. 175 11

This study combined a treatment sample (n = 127) and a control sample (n = 114) of adolescents (ages 13-17) to investigate the relationship between adolescent peer groups and incidence of psychosocial problems. A content analysis resulted in four separate types of peer groups. The group with the lowest level of involvement in school activities was labeled by other adolescents in negative terms. An analysis of variance indicated that the least involved and most negatively labeled group generally had the most positive attitudes toward alcohol and drug use, the lowest levels of perceived harm due to alcohol and drug use, and the highest levels of alcohol abuse, drug use, delinquency, and depression. This group also had the lowest level of self-esteem, most external locus of control, least perceived access to occupational opportunities, and highest level of societal estrangement. The results are interpreted as providing support for both control and labeling theories. Implications for theory-based intervention are discussed.
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PMID:The relationship of adolescent peer groups to the incidence of psychosocial problems. 192 77

Two hundred fifty four adolescents with psychiatric illnesses were evaluated in relation to alcoholism in their parents. All cases concerned underwent evaluation in Kurihama National Hospital by a psychiatrist. Those evaluated ranged from 11 to 25 years of age. The characteristic symptoms were as follows. 1. Thirty one had alcoholic parents, 48% of them came from broken families before reaching the age of 15, and 19% had mothers suffering from psychiatric illness. Many had serious family problems besides their father's alcoholism. In many cases, the psychotic symptoms started in early adolescence. 2. In an examination of psychiatric illnesses in adolescents with alcoholic parents, 36% were found to have borderline personality disorders, and 19% violence in the family. 3. Significant symptoms of psychiatric illness in adolescents with alcoholic parents were signs of aggression, violence, troubles in school, regression and convulsions. The average number of symptoms per patient was higher than in cases with non-alcoholic families. Other symptoms prevalent in adolescents with alcoholic parents were depression, anxiety, fear, delinquency and self-destructive behavior. It was apparent that severe symptoms were diverse in such adolescents. 4. Based on the above results, alcoholism in the family and borderline personality disorders in adolescents were discussed.
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PMID:[Psychiatric illnesses in adolescents of alcoholic parents]. 235 74

The field of child and adolescent affective disorders is relatively new and very challenging for research and clinical practice. A definite clinical entity of depression exists in significant numbers of children and adolescents. Signs and symptoms are different from those seen in adults and vary with different age levels. The syndrome must be recognized as early as possible to prevent a chronic illness from developing. Depression can cause serious difficulty in academic life because of its effects on concentration. Depression can affect relations with peers and, if acting out behavior ensues, can lead to serious delinquent behavior, sexual promiscuity, pregnancy, and substance abuse. Depression can also lead to suicide. Depression is often the common denominator in delinquency, promiscuity, teen pregnancy, to say nothing of alcohol and drug abuse. Adolescents often find substances on the street to "medicate" their own depression. When depression in children and adolescents is not properly identified, evaluated, and treated, it can lead to lifelong depression, antisocial behavior, and substance abuse. When depressed children receive appropriate therapy, the results can be rewarding. As one patient commented, "Every day was cloudy and gray. It always rained. Now I see some sun coming out."
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PMID:Depression in children. 240 39

The relation between family economic hardship and adolescent distress among secondary school students in a small Midwestern community was investigated. According to prior results, family hardship has both direct and indirect effects on adolescent distress. The indirect effects come about through stress-induced changes in parental nurturance and parental discipline. The findings of this study showed that hardship effects varied according to type of distress. For females as well as males, economic hardship had both direct and indirect effects on a depression-loneliness distress factor. The indirect effects occurred through less parental nurturance and more inconsistent discipline. No direct effect of economic hardship was found for either males or females on a distress factor composed of delinquency and drug use items. For both females and males, however, an indirect effect of family economic hardship on the delinquency-drug use factor was found with inconsistent parental discipline as the mediating variable.
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PMID:Economic hardship, parenting, and distress in adolescence. 270 72


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