Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the characteristics of 33 women with a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) who did (n = 19) or did not (n = 14) report a history of major depression. Five hundred thirteen older premenopausal women (ages 36-44) from a community-based sample completed a prospective evaluation of PMDD with daily records. The diagnosis of PMDD was confirmed in 33 women (6.3%), and 14 subjects met criteria for PMDD with no history of depression. Demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, and menstrual and reproductive history of subjects with PMDD who did or did not report a history of depression were compared. Women with PMDD and no history of depression were more educated and more frequently had a marital disruption (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed with respect to reproduction-related characteristics or past cigarette smoking. These preliminary data suggest the existence of characteristics particularly related to women who meet criteria for PMDD and have no history of depression. Given the significant psychosocial impairment commonly associated with PMDD symptoms and the existing data that support its classification and adequate treatment as a distinct clinical entity, further studies are needed to better identify predictors of this syndrome unrelated to a lifetime history of depression.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) who did or did not report history of depression: a preliminary report from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles. 1174 82

Nine hundred ninety-seven fellows of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were surveyed by mailed questionnaire regarding their attitudes toward the conceptualization, diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Hypothesized differences in attitudes based on age, gender and professional identity as a primary care provider versus non-primary care provider were examined. Comparisons between attitudes toward PMDD and MDD were also investigated. Approximately 36% of the questionnaires were completed and returned. Overall attitudes toward PMDD versus MDD were found to be significantly different. Roughly one in three respondents disagreed with statements indicating responsibility for and confidence in their ability to treat MDD, but not PMDD. When significant differences were found for age, gender and professional identity, younger physicians, women physicians and those who self-identified as primary care providers reported attitudes that may be more likely to be associated with diagnosis and treatment of MDD and PMDD in gynecologic practice. For example, about 41% of self-identified non-primary care providers and 14.8% of primary care providers disagreed with the statement 'treating depression is my responsibility as a gynecologist'. Differences in gynecologists' attitudes toward MDD versus PMDD may be associated with under-treatment of MDD in gynecologic practice.
 ...
PMID:Obstetrician-gynecologists' attitudes towards premenstrual dysphoric disorder and major depressive disorder. 1184 May 78

Women experience two to three times the rate of depression that men do. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for many conditions other than depression, such as anxiety disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, pain syndromes, impulse control disorders, and personality disorders, some of which are more common in women. Increasing awareness of sexual side effects has tempered the initial enthusiasm with which SSRIs were greeted. Men taking SSRIs report higher rates of sexual side effects than women taking them, however, women seem to experience more severe sexual dysfunction. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology of sexual dysfunction and describe treatments with sildenafil.
 ...
PMID:SSRI sexual dysfunction: a female perspective. 1189 96

Women are at an increased risk for first onset of major depression from early adolescence until their mid-50s and have a lifetime rate of major depression 1.7 to 2.7 times greater than that for men. There is accumulating evidence that certain reproductive-related hormonal changes place women at increased risk for depression. For example, puberty marks the beginning of increased risk for depression in women. Most women report physical or emotional symptoms premenstrually, with some severe enough to be diagnosed as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. While pregnancy does not increase the risk for depression, women with past histories of depression are at risk for recurrent episodes or relapse if antidepressant medications are discontinued. Hormonal changes during the postpartum period also increase the incidence of depression. Similarly, women transitioning through perimenopause, particularly those with past psychiatric histories, report depressive symptoms. Prophylaxis and treatment to minimize severity in cases of recurrence are discussed in the article, using reproductive transitional events as markers.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of depression throughout the female life cycle. 1199 79

There have been a large number of studies conducted investigating the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The 12 randomised, controlled trials with continuous dose administration of SSRIs and the eight randomised, controlled trials with luteal phase dose administration (from ovulation to menses) are reviewed. All the treatment studies on fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine and citalopram have reported positive efficacy. Fluoxetine and sertraline have the largest literature, with a smaller number of studies endorsing paroxetine and citalopram. Mixed efficacy results have been reported with fluvoxamine. In general, adverse effects from the use of SSRIs in women with PMDD are the usual mild and transient adverse effects from SSRIs including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, sedation, nausea and headache. Sexual dysfunction and weight gain can be problematic long-term adverse effects of SSRIs, but these effects have not been systematically evaluated with long-term SSRI use in women with PMDD. Serotonergic antidepressants have differential superiority over nonserotonergic antidepressants in the treatment of PMDD. Treatments that enhance serotonergic action improve premenstrual irritability and dysphoria with a rapid onset of action, suggesting a different mechanism of action than in the treatment of depression. It is possible that neurosteroids, such as progesterone metabolites, are involved in the rapid action of serotonergic antidepressants in PMDD. Future research needs to address less frequent dose administration regimens, such as 'symptom-onset' dose administration, and the recommended length of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual dysphoric disorder: the emerging gold standard? 1221 58

Inositol, a simple isomer of glucose, which serves as a precursor in the phosphatidyl-inositol (PI) second messenger cycle, was shown to be effective in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of depression, panic and obsessive compulsive disorders as well as in bulimia. The following study was designed to investigate whether inositol has beneficial effects in another disorder shown to be responsive to SSRIs: premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Eleven female patients with PMDD diagnosed according to DSM-IV participated in a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The active drug was myo-inositol, 12 g daily, whereas placebo was d-glucose administered at the same dose. Each drug was given during the luteal phase only (14 days prior to menses). For each patient treatment alternated between these two drugs for six menstrual cycles. No beneficial effect was demonstrated for inositol over placebo.
 ...
PMID:Myo-inositol has no beneficial effect on premenstrual dysphoric disorder. 1247 79

Depression is increasingly being recognized as a common comorbid disorder in patients with severe and chronic medical conditions. However, patients with depression and anxiety frequently present with somatic complaints such as aches and pains, headache, and chronic fatigue. This leads to underrecognition and undertreatment of the psychiatric disorder in an attempt to identify the medical cause of the somatic complaint. Reports are demonstrating the efficacy of antidepressants in treating disorders other than depression and anxiety. Tricyclic antidepressants have shown their usefulness in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and headache. Controlled studies of several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be efficacious in relieving the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and fibromyalgia. Pilot studies have also been conducted with the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, migraine, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and stroke. The results encourage further controlled studies.
 ...
PMID:Coping with somatic comorbidities: striving for complete recovery. 1249 Aug 26

A number of antidepressants have emerged in the U.S. market in the past two decades. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become the drugs of choice in the treatment of depression, and they are also effective in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia. New indications for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Extended-release venlafaxine has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Mirtazapine, which is unrelated to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, is unique in its action--stimulating the release of norepinephrine and serotonin. The choice of antidepressant drug depends on the agent's pharmacologic profile, secondary actions, and tolerability. Sexual dysfunction related to the use of antidepressants may be addressed by reducing the dosage, switching to another agent, or adding another drug to overcome the sexual side effects. Augmentation with lithium or triiodothyronine may be useful in patients who are partially or totally resistant to antidepressant treatment. Finally, tapering antidepressant medication may help to avoid discontinuation syndrome or antidepressant withdrawal.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressants: update on new agents and indications. 1520 88

Over three-quarters of women experience some physical and emotional changes associated with the menstrual cycle. Irritability, tension, fatigue, depression, breast tenderness and bloating are among the most common premenstrual symptoms. Approximately 5-10% of women of childbearing age experience premenstrual symptoms to a degree that disrupts their functioning in the home or workplace and that meet criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Serotonergic antidepressants are clearly effective for PMDD, with about 60% of subjects responding to this treatment in controlled studies. Oral contraceptives are commonly used to treat premenstrual symptoms but are an understudied intervention with no information on their efficacy for PMDD). The recent introduction of an oral contraceptive (Yasmin, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany), containing low-dose ethinylestradiol (EE) combined with a new progestogen, drospirenone (DRSP), may offer clinical efficacy for PMDD as a result of the unique pharmacological profile of this progestogen, which is a spirolactone derivative with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. A randomized, placebo-controlled study of DRSP/EE in women with PMDD found a consistently greater reduction of symptoms-from baseline for all 22 premenstrual symptoms assessed (using the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences, COPE) and for the four statistically derived symptom factors in the group taking DRSP/EE compared to the placebo group. For appetite, acne and food craving (factor 3), the difference between the DRSP/EE group and the placebo group was statistically significant (p = 0.027). These preliminary results suggest the beneficial effect of DRSP/EE on PMDD and offer an alternative class of medication that also provides the range of benefits of oral contraception for women with PMDD.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive (Yasmin) in the management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. 1265 4

Paroxetine is a potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with indications for the treatment of depression, obsessive- compulsive disorder, panic disorder and social phobia. It is also used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and chronic headache. There is wide interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine in adults as well as in the elderly with higher plasma concentrations and slower elimination noted in the latter. Elimination is also reduced in severe renal and hepatic impairment, however, serious adverse events are extremely rare even in overdose. A Pub Med search was used to collect information on the efficacy and tolerability in elderly patients. There are few studies of depression in the elderly and only one study in the old-old. In anxiety disorders including general anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety, there are no studies at all in the elderly. However, the safety of the drug allows its prescription in the elderly. In summary, paroxetine is well tolerated in the treatment of depression in those between the ages of 65 and 75, although few studies have examined its use in those of 75 and older.
 ...
PMID:Use of paroxetine for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in the elderly: a review. 1267 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>