Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine randomly selected women who received hysterectomy for reasons other than cancer were studied preoperatively with systematic interviews and record reviews, and were diagnosed using the explicit criteria of Feighner, et al. Fifty-seven percent were found to be psychiatrically ill, with 27% suffering from hysteria (Briquet's Syndrome), and 18% from primary depression. Recently some investigators have attributed a "post-hysterectomy syndrome" characterized by multiple psychologic and somatic symptoms to the surgery itself. However, a high pre-operative prevalence of psychiatric illness, particularly hysteria, must be considered when evaluating symptoms in a post-hysterectomy population.
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PMID:Psychiatric illness and non-cancer hysterectomy. 59 58

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) were measured in female psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of major depression, mania, generalized anxiety and somatization disorder. In addition, elderly patients with dementia disorders, with or without concomitant major depression, were also investigated. CSF SRIF was not significantly different among these groups; on the other hand, mean CSF CRH concentrations were significantly higher in major depression and in dementia with depression as compared with neurological controls with no psychiatric disorders. CSF CRH levels in mania, simple dementia, or anxiety or somatization disorder were not significantly different from the controls. Background physical or clinical variables did not account for the differences in CRH concentrations. It is concluded that CSF CRH elevation may be present in some patients with major depression independent of age and an underlying dementia disorder.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides in mood disorder and dementia. 135 20

We estimated the prevalence of psychiatric disability and disorders (depression, mania, schizophrenia, alcohol disorder, drug disorder, antisocial personality, and somatization) in the parents, siblings, and children of three groups of index cases: primary care patients with somatization disorder (n = 70), primary care patients who approached, but did not reach, DSM-III-R criteria for somatization disorder (n = 29), and randomly-selected community residents with no psychiatric disorder (n = 1633). Nearly all psychiatric disorders were more common in relatives of both patient samples than in relatives of community residents, and the patient samples rarely differed from each other. In the patient samples, the 22.9% rate of patients with multiple unexplained medical problems is substantially higher than previous investigations of somatization would predict. The most common disorders in patients' relatives were depression and alcohol disorder. There was little difference in the rates of depression in relatives of somatization patients who were or were not themselves depressed. A similar pattern occurred for alcohol disorder. There was a high risk for antisocial personality disorder in parents of patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for somatization disorder, but this increase was not found for other relatives.
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PMID:Family psychiatric history of patients with somatization disorder. 141 May 44

During a study of mental disorder in a primary care clinic in Nigeria, 214 patients, selected on the basis of their scores on the General Health Questionnaire, were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a structured clinical interview that allows for a systematic assessment of somatization symptoms. Only 1.1% of this clinical sample fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for somatization disorder, but 4.7% and 10.8% met the criteria for somatoform pain disorder and undifferentiated somatoform disorder, respectively. Age, gender and the presence of a DSM-III-R diagnosis of depression or dysthymia accounted for significant variability in the number of reported somatization symptoms. On factor analysis, a factor with close similarity to DSM-III-R somatization disorder was obtained. This factor is associated with the demographic features commonly found among patients with DSM-III-R somatization disorder.
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PMID:Somatization in primary care: pattern and correlates in a clinic in Nigeria. 141 17

In a large multicenter effort, major depressives were systematically studied at index admission and prospectively followed up for 5 years. Primary unipolar depressives with a family history of alcoholism (depression spectrum disease) differ from depressives with a family history of depression only (familial pure depressive disease) in having more familial anxiety and somatization disorder, more divorce, more suicide attempts, more negative life events, and needed more time to recover from the index episode. In the 5-year follow-up they are more likely to develop alcoholism and drug abuse. Depressive spectrum disease patients are more likely to meet systematic criteria for neurotic depression. The data suggest that major depression is a syndrome that is heterogeneous, and may be a final common pathway of more than one familial illnesses.
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PMID:Familial subtypes of unipolar depression: a prospective study of familial pure depressive disease compared to depression spectrum disease. 146 81

This article reviews the relationship between depressive disorders and somatoform disorders, somatization, and pain. These disorders and symptoms are clinically interrelated, yet the nature of the interrelation is not well understood. This review of the literature from 1975 through mid-year 1990 addresses the epidemiology and treatment of these conditions and/or symptoms when they occur together. When robust criteria are used to determine which publications are included, only 14 are available that address depressive disorders, somatoform disorders, and somatization. Similarly, there are only 13 that address depressive disorders and pain. Taken together, these studies indicate that 1) in somatization disorder patients, there is a high prevalence of depression; 2) in patients with major depression, there are substantial levels of hypochondriacal and somatizing symptoms; 3) that depression in the face of coexisting somatization disorder can be successfully treated; 4) in chronic pain patients, there is a high prevalence of depressive disorders; 5) in patients with major depression, pain is a frequent complaint; 6) and finally, that pain improves with the treatment of depression. What is most striking from this review, however, is the very limited number of studies that address these important problems. This lack of research-based data calls for new aggressive research efforts in this area.
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PMID:The epidemiology and treatment of depression when it coexists with somatoform disorders, somatization, or pain. 150 48

Thirty-seven patients with mandibular dysfunction syndrome (MDS) and 30 age-, sex- and education-matched dental outpatient controls were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hassles Scale and a symptom checklist derived from the DSM-III criteria for somatization disorder. MDS patients had higher levels of depressive symptoms than control patients (P less than 0.05), though only five out of 37 (13.5 per cent) of the MDS patients had depression intensity levels suggesting clinically significant psychopathology. No significant differences were found between MDS patients and controls on the Hassles Scale, which fails to support the stress-induced muscular hyperactivity theory for the aetiology of MDS syndrome. MDS patients reported having a past history of more somatic symptoms than did controls (P less than 0.05). MDS patients were divided by a clinician into 'physical' and 'functional' groups based on their clinical history. Contrary to expectation, there were no between-group differences on any of the above-mentioned psychological variables.
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PMID:Depression, hassles and somatic symptoms in mandibular dysfunction syndrome patients. 181 78

Although somatization disorder and conversion disorder are linked in DSM-III and DSM-III-R, they have very different histories. To directly compare these disorders, we reviewed the records accrued for 2 years at a large medical center and identified 65 somatization disorder patients and 51 conversion disorder patients. They differed substantially. The large majority (78%) of conversion disorder patients and nearly all (95%) of the somatization disorder patients were women. Ages at onset occurred throughout the life span among conversion disorder patients but mostly before the age of 21 among the somatization disorder patients. Somatization disorder patients were more likely to have had a history of depression, attempted suicide, panic disorder and divorce.
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PMID:Somatization and conversion disorders: comorbidity and demographics at presentation. 195 Jun 31

Twenty-four patients with unexplained somatic complaints were subjected to a thorough somatic examination. Only when the examination proved negative was the patient entered into the study. The patients were clinically appraised according to criteria given in DSM-III. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was diagnosed in 12, somatization disorder (SD) in 8, and hypochondriasis in 4 patients. Seventeen of the 24 patients agreed to participate in biochemical investigations including a TRH load, a dexamethasone test, and a determination of the monoamine metabolites 5-HIAA and HVA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A normal TSH increase and a normal suppression of cortisol were registered. The HVA values correlated significantly with the 5-HIAA values as well as with the alexithymia scores. Concerning alexithymia and maturity level, no difference as to social class was found. The patients filled in a Zung depression chart. The Zung scale and the 5-HIAA values were both inconsistent with depressive illness. In so-called hypochondriasis a long-term relationship, including selected somatic and biochemical examinations and thorough information, was crucial in abating the patient's distrust and thus the need for health care.
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PMID:A study of so-called hypochondriasis. 209 Oct 34

Somatization disorder (SD), a chronic psychiatric illness that affects about 1% of adult women, is characterized by multiple somatic complaints. It should be suspected in any woman who presents with a vague or complicated history; unaccountable non-responsiveness to therapy; dramatic, seductive or demanding personality style; family history of personality disorder; sexual abuse as a child; substance abuse; or depression with atypical features. Its cause is unknown, although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. At follow-up, patients with SD continue to have somatic symptoms, but many improve with therapy. Nearly two thirds of patients with SD attempt suicide, but few complete it; however, completions may be more common than formerly realized. There is no specific treatment for SD, but management can be organized around the following ABCs: Accommodate initially to forge rapport; Behavior modification (ignore symptoms, praise for improved behavior); Confrontation later about effects of behavior style; Decrease drugs gradually, with praise for reduction; Educate about course and meaning of illness; Family involvement to give information and help with treatment; Guilt should be assuaged in physicians, who may blame themselves when patients do not improve; Hospitalize (closed psychiatric unit) only for serious suicide risk, substance abuse, or other extreme behavior; and Intercurrent depression should be treated conservatively.
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PMID:Managing somatization disorder. 220 56


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