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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Connections between disturbed functions of liver and mental diseases at all times have been generally supposed as existent and have been discussed in the literature; they should be clarified by means of questionnaire-tests: MPI-test and MMQ-test of Eysenck combined with neurotizism-depression-questionnaire of Hoffmann-La Roche allowed to comprehend the dimensions of personality "neurotizism" and "depressivity". Concerning "neurotizism" statistically significant differences could be found between liver-patients and healthy persons in a tendency to a significant increase among liver-patients, but not between liver-patients with other diseases. The tendency to "depressivity" of healthy persons could be statistically evaluated as being much greater than that of liver-patients; there were no differences between liver-patients and patients with other diseases. That is why liver-patients do not differ psychically from patients suffering from other diseases; they share their reaction to the occurrence of disease - in various degrees until a neurotic lack of active realization of the fact of illness. Liver-diseases apparently are not triggered or caused by special pre-morbid alterations.
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PMID:[Comparative studies of the psychosomatic aspects of liver diseases]. 96 10

Headache was classified, in conformity to the classification of headache as specified by the Ad Hoc Committee, into migraine, contraction and combined types and others. Tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine having pharmacological properties, which are said to relatively and uniquely inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the synapses, was administered for headaches and the clinical effects on headaches were examined. Headaches assumed to be attributable to depression were excluded by means of quationing and Zung's self-rating depression scale. Furthermore, the MMPI, MPI and MAS mentality tests were also employed to clarify the characters and traits of these patients with headache. Also, the biochemical mechanism playing a part in the occurrence of headache was conjectured from the pharmacological action pattern of the antidepressant.
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PMID:Treatment of headache with antidepressant. 653 29

In 166 women who desired estrogen treatment for menopausal symptoms, psychosocial data were obtained prior to treatment, six weeks, three months and six months after treatment. The data were obtained by questionnaire and psychometric testing. 1. Of the 25% of women with significant depressive tendencies (according to EDS) 7 of 10 were also very anxious (according to EDS). 2. Emotional stability (according to MPI-N) present in every third woman without depressive mood changes but only in 3% of women with depressive changes. 3. Every third woman with depressive changes reported sexual fantasies or dreams. Only 3% of the women without depression had these fantasies. Discharge was complained of twice as often by depressive women (according to EPS) than in those without depression. 4. Pain on micturition was a complaint of half the women with depressive mood but only 1/8 of those without depression. 5. Heart palpitations were complained of by women without depression only half as often as by the other women. 6. The satisfaction with the role as women had a significant relationship to depression scores as expected. 7. The antidepressive and anxiolytic effect of estrogen treatment in the menopause was shown objectively by psychometric studies. The findings are discussed in view of a gynaecological office practice.
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PMID:[Depression and climacteric (psychometric studies on 116 women in a gynecologic polyclinic)]. 692 15

The effect of motor-response recovery after a nonresponse condition on the CNV was investigated in relation to the MPI in 53 healthy adults. The control CNV area before the nonresponse condition had an inverted-U relation to the extraversion score. At the recovery condition the inverted-U relation between the CNV area and the extraversion score shifted toward the lower extraversion score in those subjects who showed a shortened reaction time: i.e., the introverts, particularly the dysthymiacs, responded with the larger CNV area at the recovery condition than at the control condition. These results suggest that the dysthymiacs who possibly have obsession and depression are at a high arousal level and compel attention to a repetitive event as habituating.
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PMID:Recovery of CNV area after nonresponse condition: inverted-U relation with arousal. 728 58

On the basis of personality assessment (MMPI, MPI) patients with endogenous depression were shown to react differently to treatment. Women who obtained low scores on the Lie (L), Depression (D) and Repression (R) scales as well as high scores on the Psychopathic deviate (Pd) and Alcoholism (Mac) scales had better therapy outcomes. On the other hand from among men with endogenous depression those reacting better to treatment were those who obtained low scores on the Depression (D) and high scores on the Mania (Ma) scales.
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PMID:[Personality as a predictor of therapy effectiveness in endogenous depression]. 825 42

The authors proposed that chronic pain patients with repressive defenses are not represented in current 3-cluster solutions of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI; R. D. Kerns, D. C. Turk, & T. E. Rudy, 1985) and that such a group can be distinguished by using a measure of defensiveness together with subscales of the MPI. They expected these patients to be described both by high defensiveness and by elevated pain and disability but minimal emotional distress. For 178 pain patients, hierarchical cluster analyses were performed on the MPI and Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (D. L. Paulhus, 1984). A 3-cluster solution replicated past findings in identifying dysfunctional, interpersonally distressed, and adaptive coper groups. A 4-cluster solution fit the data better, with a repressor group described by high pain, low activity and low distress emerging from the dysfunctional group. Profile analysis of validation measures showed that repressors scored comparably with dysfunctional patients on somatic symptoms of depression, pain severity, and perceived disability but significantly higher on these factors than the adaptive copers. Repressors scored comparably with adaptive copers on cognitive-affective symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger but significantly lower on these variables than dysfunctional patients. Repressors also reported greater pain severity and perceived disability relative to their reports of negative affect, whereas dysfunctional and adaptive coper groups exhibited no such disparities. Without a measure of defensiveness, the MPI may misclassify a distinct group of patients as dysfunctional, but who readily endorse physical symptoms yet report low levels of emotional distress.
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PMID:A fourth empirically derived cluster of chronic pain patients based on the multidimensional pain inventory: evidence for repression within the dysfunctional group. 1155 Jul 32

Psychosocial factors are crucial for understanding and treating chronic pain in adults, but also in children. For children, very few questionnaires for a multidimensional pain assessment exist. In adults, the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI; [Kerns RD, Turk DC, Rudy TE. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 1985;23:345-56]) has been widely used to determine patients' adjustment to chronic pain. Using one section of the MPI as a model, we developed and evaluated the Pain Experience Questionnaire (PEQ) - child and parent version - that assesses the psychosocial impact of chronic pain in children and adolescents. As substantiated by confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 111 children and adolescents (7-18 years) with chronic pain, the child PEQ entails the subscales pain severity, pain-related interference, affective distress and perceived social support. The parent version contains the subscales severity of the child's pain, interference and parental affective distress. Child and parent PEQ subscales were internally consistent. Age was unrelated to PEQ subscale scores. Girls and their mothers endorsed significantly greater pain severity, interference and affective distress. Validity analyses yielded a pattern of correlations with measures of depression, trait anxiety, pain activity, child behaviors, pain-related cognitions, and parenting behavior that is consistent with psychometric data of the adult MPI and previous findings on psychosocial aspects of chronic pediatric pain. Significant differences between children depending on patient status (participants in experimental or treatment studies, outpatients, inpatients) suggest external validity of the PEQ. Despite the preliminary nature of the psychometric evaluation, the child and parent PEQ seem promising for a comprehensive assessment of pediatric pain.
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PMID:The impact of chronic pain in children and adolescents: Development and initial validation of a child and parent version of the Pain Experience Questionnaire. 1761 25

The development and maintenance of chronic pain are influenced by its social context, and especially by the responses of family members. For children, very few instruments are available that measure pain-related parental behavior. Using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory for adults (MPI; [Kerns RD, Turk DC, Rudy TE. The west haven-yale multidimensional pain inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 1985;23:345-356.]) as a model, we developed and evaluated a child and parent versions of the Pain-related Parent Behavior Inventory (PPBI). Here, we specifically studied maternal pain-related behavior as perceived by the child and self-reported by the mother. As substantiated by exploratory factor analysis in a mixed sample of 193 children and adolescents (8-16 years) either suffering from recurrent pain of different origin or being healthy controls, both PPBI versions entail the identical subscale solicitousness, distracting behaviors and discouraging/ignoring responses. Child and parent PPBI subscales were internally consistent and were not substantially related to age or gender. Validity analyses yielded a pattern of correlations with measures of depression, trait anxiety, pain activity, and pain-related cognitions that is consistent with the psychometric data for the adult MPI and findings on the social context of chronic pain. Child-perceived maternal behavior was significantly related to overall parenting and to mothers' actual behavior as observed during a cold pressor test. Finally, the PPBI was sensitive to differences in mothers' responses depending on the specific nature of the child's pain. Child and parent reports of parental behaviors were modestly correlated and were differentially related to the validity measures, hence supporting the importance of assessing the social context of pediatric pain independently of both the child's and the parent's perspectives.
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PMID:Dimensions of pain-related parent behavior: development and psychometric evaluation of a new measure for children and their parents. 1858 62

MPI-CDG (formally called CDG 1b), caused by phosphomannose isomerase (MPI) deficiency, leads to hypoglycaemia, protein losing enteropathy, hepatopathy, and thrombotic events, whereas neurologic development remains unaffected. Dietary supplementation of mannose can reverse clinical symptoms by entering the N-glycosylation pathway downstream of MPI. When oral intake of mannose in patients with MPI-CDG is not possible, e.g. due to surgery, mannose has to be given intravenously. We report a patient with MPI-CDG on intravenous mannose therapy that showed severe depression of consciousness and seizures without apparent cause. EEG and cranial MRI findings were compatible with metabolic coma whereas extended laboratory examinations including repeated blood glucose measurements were normal. Importantly, an intravenous bolus of glucose immediately led to clinical recovery and EEG improvement. Mannose did not interfere with glucose measurement in our assay. We suggest that in patients with MPI-CDG, intravenous mannose infusion can lead to intracellular ATP deprivation due to several mechanisms: (1) in MPI deficiency, mannose 6-P cannot be isomerised to fructose 6-P and therefore is unavailable for glycolysis; (2) animal data has shown that accumulating intracellular mannose 6-P inhibits glycolysis; and (3) elevated intracellular mannose 6-P may induce an ATP wasting cycle of dephosphorylation and rephosphorylation ("honey bee effect"). The mannose-induced metabolic inhibition may be overcome by high-dose glucose treatment. We caution that, in patients with MPI-CDG, life-threatening central nervous system disturbances may occur with intravenous mannose treatment. These may be due to intracellular energy failure. Clinical symptoms of energy deficiency should be treated early and aggressively with intravenous glucose regardless of blood glucose levels.
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PMID:Seizures and stupor during intravenous mannose therapy in a patient with CDG syndrome type 1b (MPI-CDG). 2124 Jun 68

Women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) rely on their partners for emotional and practical support. They also experience significant pain and depression, which can trigger maladaptive pain behaviors (eg, distorted ambulation). The biopsychosocial model of pain posits that partner solicitous responses can reinforce pain behaviors, whereas punishing or distracting responses can minimize their occurrence. This study explored how psychosocial variables (ie, depression and partner responses) influence patient pain behaviors and partner responses in 191 couples coping with MBC. Because few studies have examined the biopsychosocial model in cancer, it also examined associations between partner responses and patient pain behaviors. Multilevel models showed that depression partially mediated: (1) associations between patients' and partners' reports of patient pain (MPI) and their ratings of patient pain behaviors (PBCL), accounting for 41% to 71% of the variance; and (2) associations between both partners' reports of patient pain and the partner's distracting and punishing responses (MPI), accounting for 66% to 75% of the variance. Partner punishing responses moderated associations between patient pain severity and pain behaviors. Specifically, punishing responses were associated with more pain behaviors for patients with low levels of pain and fewer pain behaviors for patients with higher levels of pain (effect size r=.18). These findings provide partial support for the biopsychosocial model of pain but also clarify and extend it in the cancer context. Future pain management programs in MBC may benefit from addressing both partners' depression levels and teaching partners to engage in fewer punishing responses when the patient is experiencing low levels of pain.
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PMID:Associations between depression, pain behaviors, and partner responses to pain in metastatic breast cancer. 2188 63


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