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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Absorption of large volumes of irrigation fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can produce hyponatremia, coma, blindness, and cardiorespiratory depression. This has been termed the "post-TURP syndrome." The pathophysiology and management of this syndrome are controversial. A case of severe post-TURP syndrome due to the absorption of hypotonic glycine irrigant is reported. This patient developed severe hyponatremia, slight hypo-osmolality, hyperglycinemia, hyperserinemia, hyperammonemia, and hypocalcemia. He became comatose, profoundly hypotensive, bradycardic, and transiently blind. Because of this combination of severe biochemical, neurologic, and hemodynamic abnormalities, we elected to treat this patient with hemodialysis. The biochemical and clinical manifestations resolved completely. The pathophysiology and treatment of this disorder are discussed and a role for hemodialysis is suggested.
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PMID:The post-transurethral resection of prostate syndrome: therapeutic proposals. 802 16

Industrial solvents mixed from thinner, used in paints, leathers, rubber, varnishes, have neurotoxic action. By laboral inhalation or spontaneously these are absorbed from the lungs, transported by blood and because of this high lipophilic section are retained within the lipid rich nervous system. Euphoric effects appear accompanied with visual and additive halucinations. In chronic abusers it produce schizophrenic-paranoid consequences with encephalic and peripheral neuronal and nervous fibers destruction, accompanied of blindness and paralysis. Cocaine is another neurotoxic drug. At first it produces euphoria, arterial hypertension and symptoms suggestive of underlying psychiatric diseases. The cocaine addicts often suffer depression, paranoia, hallucinations, seizures and suicidal ideation. The morphological base of the symptomatology is the encephalic and peripheral neuronal and nerve fibers destruction.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathologic correlation of dementia produced by thinner and cocaine]. 806 72

Temporal arteritis is an insidious disease which, if not recognized and treated with high-dosage oral prednisone or intravenous prednisolone, can result in unilateral or even total blindness due to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) or closure of the central artery of the retina. Unfortunately, the symptoms and clinical signs of temporal arteritis mimic those of a number of other conditions including angle-closure glaucoma, hypertension, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, temporomandibular joint syndrome, carotid artery occlusive disease, Foster-Kennedy syndrome, and nonarteritic AION. When a patient complains of a severe pain in the temporal region, along with scalp tenderness and a feeling of malaise or depression--with or without episodes of transient loss of vision--he or she should be referred for a diagnostic work-up which includes an erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a temporal artery biopsy. We present here a review of the recent literature concerning temporal arteritis, followed by a report of an unusual case in which high-dosage prednisone therapy was effective in relieving the patient's symptoms and lowering the sedimentation rate in spite of a negative temporal artery biopsy.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of temporal arteritis: a review and case report. 823 73

The concept of adjustment to acquired sight loss is examined in the context of existing loss models. An alternative conceptual framework is presented which addresses the 'blindness experience', and which suggests that the depression so frequently encountered in those losing their sight can be understood better by recourse to cognitive factors than to psychoanalytically based theories of grieving. A scale to measure psychological status before and after rehabilitation is described, its factorial validity is demonstrated, and its validity in enabling changes to be measured. Practitioners are encouraged to adopt a similar perspective in other areas of acquired disability.
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PMID:The Nottingham Adjustment Scale: a validation study. 824 10

Consumption of superphosphate fertilizer by 200 pregnant ewes resulted in signs of toxicosis in 41 ewes, 14 of which died. Predominant clinical signs were marked teeth grinding, voluminous diarrhea, CNS depression, apparent blindness, and a stiff-legged atactic gait. Biochemical abnormalities were hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and a high anion gap. The primary toxic principal in superphosphate fertilizers is the fluorine contaminant; however, calcium pyrophosphate and calcium orthophosphate also contribute to toxicosis, which results in acute proximal renal tubular necrosis. Voluntary consumption of superphosphate fertilizer in well-fed livestock is not expected, and was believed to be related to the lack of availability of salt.
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PMID:Accidental superphosphate fertilizer poisoning in pregnant ewes. 824 68

A 5-year-old female Rottweiler was examined because of a history of progressive CNS depression and apparent blindness. Findings included retinal degeneration and cranial nerve deficits as well as pronounced hypercholesterolemia and bradycardia. At necropsy, a 3-cm soft, tan mass was found on the ventral surface of the rostral portion of the brain, encompassing the hypophysis and filling the sella tursica. Histologic examination of tumor sections identified 3 distinct cell types. The location and histologic features of the solitary tumor were most consistent with classification as a primary intracranial germ cell tumor.
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PMID:Primary suprasellar germ cell tumor in a dog. 827 3

Psychosocial characteristics including depression, attitude towards their handicap, hobbies and problems of living situations have been studied among 152 male students in the Institute for the Blind (n = 44) and in the Institute for the Deaf (n = 108) in Abha City. All students were subjected to a constructed Arabic version of the rating scale 'Children Depression Inventory (CDI)'. They were categorised according to their scores on this CDI, into depressed and non-depressed. Also, an interview questionnaire was administered to collect data related to the handicap, such as age of onset, and its cause and family history of the same handicap. The effect of the handicap upon the attitudes of students in relation to their social tendencies, hobbies and problems in living situations was studied. The mean ages for blind and deaf students were 15.70 and 13.04 years respectively. About 91.% and 75.% of blind and deaf students respectively were born with their handicap. Depression was more prevalent among the blind (14%) than among the deaf (6.5%) students. Difficulty in mobility was the main problem among blind students (44%) while difficulty in communication with people was the main problem among the deaf (52%). Reading was the commonest hobby for the blind (51%), while playing football was the commonest among the deaf (62%). This information should be considered when planning for rehabilitative services for these groups.
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PMID:A study of some psycho-social characteristics of blind and deaf male students in Abha City, Asir region, Saudi Arabia. 835 8

Brain capillary function was assessed in 4- to 6-week-old calves given lead acetate (15 mg/kg of body weight) orally for 7 to 8 days. Neurologic signs of lead poisoning included CNS depression, blindness, and hyperesthesia. Brain capillaries were isolated from cerebral cortex of control and lead-treated calves and evaluated for metabolic indicators, ion transport, and prolyl hydroxylase activity. In lead-treated calves, the rate of glucose metabolism was less than half that in controls. Ion efflux of 45Ca or 36Cl from endothelial cell suspensions was not affected by lead treatment. Prolyl hydroxylase activity in endothelium and proline-to-hydroxyproline ratio in endothelial basement membranes were similar in control and lead-poisoned calves. Results indicate that lead may inhibit energy metabolism, but not ion transport or collagen biosynthesis in brain capillaries of calves and, compared with suckling rats, damage to the blood-brain barrier is less important. In calves, neuronal tissue may be the primary target for the CNS effects of lead.
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PMID:Effects of lead on glucose metabolism, ion flux, and collagen synthesis in cerebral capillaries of calves. 839 Dec 32

Cost-effectiveness analyses usually quantify peoples' attitudes towards delayed outcomes using the exponential discount model. The authors examined three assumptions of this model by assessing the time preferences of individuals towards hypothetical health states and calculating implicit annual discount rates. Of a random sample of medical students, house officers, and attending physicians, 121 participated, reflecting a response rate of 81%. The participants considered three temporary events (colostomy, blindness, depression) that were destined to occur at five sequentially distant times in the future (one day, six months, one year, five years, and ten years). The utility of each prospect was measured using two elicitation techniques (standard gamble and categorical scaling), and 1,394 implicit discount rates were calculated. Of all the discount rates, 62.1% equalled zero, 10.0% were less than 0.00, and 15.7% were greater than 0.10. Mean discount rates for relatively proximal time intervals tended to be larger than those for relatively more distant intervals (0.041 vs. 0.025, p < 0.01). Mean discount rates for blindness tended to be smaller than those for colostomy or depression (0.023 vs. 0.039 vs 0.037, respectively, p < 0.005). Hence, peoples' implicit discount rates are not always small positive numbers that are constant over time and the same for all settings. The authors suggest that the conventional exponential discount model may not fully characterize the time preferences held by individuals.
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PMID:Time preference in medical decision making and cost-effectiveness analysis. 841 50

An outbreak of polioencephalomalacia affected 16 of 46 Swaledale lambs and five of 25 Scottish blackface lambs 15 to 32 days after they were introduced to an ad libitum concentrate ration containing 0.43 per cent sulphur. The clinical signs were acute and included depression central blindness and head-pressing, but no hyperaesthesia, nystagmus, dorsiflexion of the neck or opisthotonos were observed. Treatment of the affected lambs with vitamin B1, dexamethasone and antibiotics was associated with a prolonged recovery period, though no further cases were identified after vitamin B1 had been given parenterally to all the lambs at risk.
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PMID:Sulphur-induced polioencephalomalacia in lambs. 873 Jun 74


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