Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malnourished children in the north of Nigeria who had had a severe attack of measles were prone to deep ulcers of the mouth and eyes. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 17 of 25 of the mouth ulcers which were erosive, slow to heal and caused much suffering and loss of weight. Herpes virus was also identified, either by immunofluorescent staining or viral culture, in the corneal scrapings of the eye ulcers from 16 of 34 children. These ulcers healed slowly in two to six weeks leaving damaging scars which impaired vision and caused blindness in some cases. It is suggested that measles leads to profound depression of cell mediated immunity in malnourished children with the consequence that secondary herpes simplex infections become abnormally severe and erosive.
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PMID:Severe ulcerative herpes of mouth and eye following measles. 44 84

The acute intoxication of K1 carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the herbicide preparation lassagrin (alachlor) was studied under experimental conditions in a laboratory. Used were a total of 360 young carps of 10 g each, measuring 9-10 cm. The experiments were carried out in 30-1 glass aquariums that were preliminary filled with water that was adequately heated and deprived of chlorine at pH = 6.9, T0C = 18-20 degrees C, O2 = 10.4 mg/1; hardness = 1.5 German degrees. The preparation was directly placed in the aquariums in eleven concentrations. The following characteristic symptoms of intoxication were established: higher irritability of the nervous system with superactivity, lack of coordination and orientation, depression in later hours, loss of sight, disturbed pigmentation. No morphologic changes were found at necropsy. Determined was the concentration at which 50% of the test material died at the 96th hour of exposure: LC50/TLm/=4.67 mg, the interval of dependability at 95% probability being 4.04-5.30. Both toxicometry data and intoxication symptoms with the use of lassagrin (alachlor, lasso) made it reasonable to believe that the preparation could be referred to poisons having resorptive action so far as carps are concerned.
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PMID:[Experimental poisoning of carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the herbicidal preparation, lasagrin (alachlor)]. 74 34

The past 25 years have seen an explosion in interest and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, especially retinal detachments. This progress has paid high dividends in the prevention of blindness and the clinical care of patients. The major advances during this period are the development of a binocular stereoscopic indirect ophthalmoscope combined with scleral depression, the introduction of a scleral buckling procedure to close retinal breaks, the development of instruments capable of producing controlled focal irritation in the ocular fundus, and the advent of direct surgical removal of the vitreous.
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PMID:The past 25 years of surgery. 109 12

25-day-old female rats were left intact, or rendered either blind-anosmic or blind-anosmic-pinealectomized. Five weeks later, blind-anosmic animals were found to possess significantly depressed body, anterior pituitary, uterine and ovarian weights. The pituitary levels of LH were elevated while pituitary prolactin was depressed in the dual sensory-deprived rats. Blind-anosmic animals also had significantly depressed plasma levels of LH and elevated plasma levels of prolactin. The effects of blinding and anosmia were effectively reversed by pinealectomy. Ovariectomized, estrogen and progesterone-treated (OVX, EP-treated) rats that received an intracarotid injection of a medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) extract from intact or from blind-anosmic-pinealectomized female rats exhibited a marked rise in plasma LH to a peak at 10 min after injection. This peak was followed by a steady decline in plasma LH concentration. Animals injected with MBH extract from blind-anosmic rats also demonstrated a rise in plasma LH with the levels remaining more or less constant for the 10 and 20-min samples. Rather than declining, the plasma LH levels in 3 out of 4 rats exhibited a further increase until the 40-min sample. The injection of either cortical extract or saline had no effect on plasma LH levels. OVX, EP-treated rats receiving either MBH extracts from intact or blind-anosmic rats or cortical extract exhibited a depression in plasma prolactin titers 5 min following injection. This response was followed by a slight increase in plasma prolactin at 10 and 20 min with a subsequent decrease. Each of the OVX, EP-treated recipients injected with MBH extract from blind-anosmic-pinealectomized rats responded with an obvious increase in plasma prolactin levels within 5 min after injection, followed by a decrease. It was concluded that the MBH of the blind-anosmic rat was high in LRH activity while PIF appeared to predominate over PRF activity. On the other hand, in the MBH of the blind-anosmic-pinealectomized rat, LRH activity was lower while PRF appeared to predominate over PIF activity.
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PMID:The pineal gland of the blind-anosmic female rat: its influence on medial basal hypothalamic lrh, pif and/or prf activity in vivo. 114 25

Hypovolemic hyponatremia attributable to severe fluid and electrolyte alterations was diagnosed in a foal with diarrhea. Subsequent consumption of water resulted in rapid reduction of serum sodium concentration and serum osmolar depression. Clinical signs of neurologic disease developed including blindness, loss of menace response, and seizures. Treatment of this condition with IV administered fluids included hypertonic saline solution (7.2%; 2 ml/kg of body weight), and frequent monitoring of serum electrolyte concentrations and osmolality resulted in gradual correction of the fluid and electrolyte imbalance and resolution of the neurologic signs. Hyponatremia has been recognized in foals with renal failure, ruptured urinary bladder, and iatrogenic water overload. The key to diagnosis and management of profound hyponatremia is accurate diagnosis of the status of plasma volume and association of the electrolyte imbalance with clinical signs of neurologic disease. This report describes an unusual complication of a commonly encountered problem in equine practice and documents that the severe metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities associated with diarrhea can result in clinical neurologic disease. The differential diagnosis also should include bacterial sepsis, parasitism, thoracic mass, acute renal failure, congenital neurologic deficit, or seizure syndrome. Serum electrolyte disorders should be considered as a potential cause of signs of neurologic disease in foals with diarrhea.
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PMID:Hypovolemic hyponatremia and signs of neurologic disease associated with diarrhea in a foal. 160 18

Rostral and middle cranial fossa tumors affecting the optic chiasm and resulting in acute visual deficits were diagnosed in 7 dogs and 1 cat. Blindness and dilated nonresponsive pupils were the primary signs in all animals. Other concurrent neurologic deficits were either absent or were equivocal. Behavioral changes, including signs of depression and lethargy, were noticed in 1 dog and the cat subsequent to the onset of blindness. Retinal function was assessed as normal by electroretinography in all animals. The histologic necropsy diagnosis was pituitary carcinoma in 1 dog and the cat and paranasal sinus carcinoma with intracranial extension in 1 dog. A cytologic diagnosis of polycentric lymphosarcoma affecting the optic chiasm was diagnosed in 1 dog. In the remaining 4 dogs, results of computed tomographic imaging or endocrine function testing suggested pituitary gland neoplasia. Four dogs were treated with cobalt-60 radiation or chemotherapy. There was partial return of visual function in only 1 of the dogs treated with radiation.
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PMID:Acute blindness associated with intracranial tumors in dogs and cats: eight cases (1984-1989). 195 68

Blepharospasm is a relatively frequent cranial dystonia which may be seen either alone or related to orofacial-mandibular dystonia (Meige's syndrome). In its maximum degree it can cause functional blindness.Twelve patients with blepharospasm (4 essential and 8 Meige's syndrome) who had been previously treated unsuccessfully with drugs (trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, carbamazepine, lithium, baclofen, lisuride, imipramine, clonazepam and butyrophenones) were treated for 12 months with periocular injections of botulinum toxin (BOTOX). A "low" dose of 12,5 U per eye was employed. With this dose, eleven out of twelve patients experienced significant improvement which lasted from five to fifteen weeks. The only nonresponder obtained complete relief upon duplicating the dose. The only side effect was uni or bilateral ptosis in six patients which improved completely in seven to twenty one days. One patient developed a peripheral facial palsy with complete remission in nineteen days. No systemic side effects were noted. There was only one desertion from this study due to depression enhanced by prolonged (21 days) ptosis. All patients (including the deserter) agreed that treatment with BOTOX provided more relief than any other previous therapeutic method. Our results confirm those obtained by others but a more prolonged study is needed to better evaluate long term effects.
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PMID:[Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum toxin]. 210 46

More than a century ago, Jonathan Hutchingson, a surgeon-dermatologist, identified the first case of sarcoidosis at King's College, London. The disease is now known as a commonplace multisystem disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomata. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is established by recognizing clinicoradiologic findings and providing histologic evidence of non-caseating granuloma. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels are high in about two thirds of the patients and hypercalcemia is a feature in one of every ten victims of sarcoidosis. Immunologic abnormalities include depression of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity, accumulation of T-cells at the site of activity, hyperactive B-cells, and the presence of circulating immune complexes. The course and prognosis of the disease usually correlate with the mode of onset. An acute onset with erythema nodosum indicates a good prognosis and spontaneous resolution; whereas, an insidious onset may be followed by relentless, progressive fibrosis. Mortality and morbidity are caused by pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, neurologic involvement, and blindness. Corticosteroids and chloroquine relieve symptoms and suppress inflammation and granuloma formation.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis. 220 9

Encephalitozoonosis was identified for the first time in arctic lemmings (Dicrostonyx stevensoni and crosses of D. stevensoni and Dicrostonyx rubricatus). The most common clinical findings were circling, torticollis, posterior paralysis, depression, blindness and death related to parasitic granulomas in many tissues. Granulomas were most frequent in the central nervous system, but were seen in many other tissues throughout the body. Granulomas were characterized by collections of macrophages and varying numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils with or without necrosis of parenchymal tissue. Most granulomas contained protozoon cysts with ultrastructural characteristics of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Protozoon cysts were seen in vascular endothelium in many tissues accompanied by minimal or no inflammatory reaction.
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PMID:Encephalitozoonosis in arctic lemmings. 247 90

Developmental progress, hearing, and dysmorphic features were monitored prospectively in eight babies with Norrie's disease (an X linked form of congenital blindness believed to be associated with mental retardation, regression, sensorineural deafness, and dysmorphic features) and in six congenitally blind peers during their preschool years. No evidence of sensorineural deafness or dysmorphology was found in the group with Norrie's disease. No significant difference in the rate of developmental progress occurred between the two groups. All 14 children showed continuing developmental progress and in 10 this was at a normal or superior rate. Two cases and two controls showed slowing in their rate of progress; in both groups a suboptimal developmental climate had prevailed and may have been contributory. The emphasis on serious and progressive associated disabilities in past reports has led to considerable distress for families of children with this disease. Our study suggests that these anxieties may often be illfounded. Parental depression constrains development, particularly when a baby is blind. More optimistic counselling with developmental guidance is recommended for children who are not overtly retarded in infancy until the long term developmental perspective of this disease is further clarified.
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PMID:Norrie's disease: a prospective study of development. 260 18


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