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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the calf's popularity as an experimental animal and its often noted sensitivity to anesthetics and anesthesia, the potency of halothane was studied in eight, young (x = 5.85 weeks), healthy, male Holstein-Friesian calves. The minimal alveolar halothane-O2 concentration (MAC) which just prevented calf movement in response to a tail clamp was 0.76 +/- SEM 0.03 vol% and is less than predictions based on studies in man. The addition of 50% N2O to inspired gases decreased the halothane MAC to 0.59 +/- 0.03%. In the absence of common modifying factors of anesthesia, halothane-O2 caused cardiopulmonary depression in these calves in proportion to anesthetic dose. Only two (total protein and albumin) of 17 selected blood clinical biochemical values were significantly (P less than 0.05) altered from base line within seven days of anesthesia, indicating insults to major organ systems did not occur.
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PMID:Halothane anesthesia in calves. 47 88

Using a new rapid method, fetal and maternal whole blood lactate was measured before the onset of labour at elective Caesarean section in 8 patients, during labour in 34 normal patients, and in a further 28 patients whose babies showed varying degrees of clinical depression and/or acid base abnormality at birth. The mean (+/- SEM) umbilical venous and arterial and maternal venous lactate values in the 8 cases delivered by elective Caesarean section were 1.20 (+/- 0.16), 1.46 (+/- 0.22) and 1.14 (+/- 0.46) mmol/l, respectively. For the normal group the mean fetal lactates (+/- SEM) in the latent and active phases of labour, and in the umbilical vein and artery, were 1.91 (+/- 0.25), 2.42 (+/- 0.46), 2.71 (+/- 0.19) and 3.09 (+/- 0.20) mmol/l, respectively. The mean maternal venous lactate (+/- SEM) in the latent and active phases of labour and at delivery were 1.07 (+/- 0.09), 1.45 (+/- 0.12) and 2.69 (+/- 0.24) mmol/l. the rise in fetal lactate throughout labour was due in part to the rise in maternal lactate. Increasing neonatal depression was associated with increasing fetal lacticacidaemia. This associationachieved statistical significance at delivery.
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PMID:Rapid whole blood lactate measurement in the fetus and mother during labour. 52 24

First heart sound (S1) energy spectra in isovolumic systole, hemodynamics, and angiographic left ventricular wall motion (LVWM) at rest and with atrial pacing were compared in 27 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization and angiography because of chest pain. Eighteen patients were found to have coronary artery disease (CAD) and nine patients, normal coronary arteries. Eleven of the 18 CAD patients (61%) had a mean reduction in the spectral energy of S1 of 6.5 +/- 1.4 (SEM) dB below control (-52%), during interruption of ischemic stress of rapid atrial pacing, compared to only one of nine patients without CAD (P less than 0.05). Only five CAD patients (28%) had an abnormal rise (greater than or equal to 5 mm) in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) either during or upon interruption of pacing, and six (33%) had ischemic ST-segment depression greater than or equal to mv in the ECG. Similarly two patients free of CAD (22%) had an abnormal increase in LVEDP, and none had ECG evidence of ischemia. Seventeen CAD patients (94%) had segmental LVWM abnormalities at rest or with interruption of pacing, while three patients with normal coronary arteries (33%) had abnormal angiographic LVWM (P less than 0.01). Thus, reduction is S1 spectral energy is a common accompaniment of myocardial ischemia. In the present study, it was more frequently observed than abnormalities in either the ECG or LVEDP, but was not was consistently seen as segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities.
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PMID:Spectral energy of the first heart sound in acute myocardial ischemia. A correlation with electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and wall motion abnormalities. 62 70

Ventricular performance was evaluated sequentially in 31 patients with uncomplicated acute transmural myocardial infarction (13 anterior and 18 inferior). Left ventricular ejection fraction, ejection rate, regional wall motion, and right ventricular ejection fraction were ascertained using first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography on four occasions during hospitalization. Inferior infarction resulted in a greater reduction in right ventricular ejection fraction than anterior infarction (mean +/- SEM; 48 +/- 2 versus 56 +/- 2%, P less than 0.01). In contrast, in anterior infarction there was greater depression of left ventricular ejection fraction than in inferior infarction (34 +/- 3 versus 50 +/- 3%, P less than 0.01). From initial to discharge studies, there was no significant change in global performance or regional wall motion in either group. These data show that the location of transmural infarction has a profound effect upon the magnitude of right and left ventricular dysfunction. In addition, ventricular systolic performance remains relatively stable during the hospital phase of uncomplicated transmural myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Sequential radionuclide assessment of left and right ventricular performance after acute transmural myocardial infarction. 69 21

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed unique structures and development of the venomous spicules of tussock moth caterpillars of the genus Euproctis: (1) Flower-like structure at the distal end and a longitudinal minute depression on the proximal subapical wall of these spicules were observed by SEM. This depression was revealed to be a small hole by TEM. (2) During molting, observed were cytoplasmic processes of several trichogen cells penetrating the cytoplasm of a tormogen cell to form the spicules with the holes at their subapical portions. A papilla was formed by a tormogen and several epidermal cells. (3) After the molting, the cytoplasmic process in a spicule disappeared and the spicule cavity was replaced by electron-dense materials secreted apparently from the trichogen cell. (4) It was considered that the electron-dense materials were the main toxic or precursory substances in the Euproctis spicules.
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PMID:Studies on the venomous spicules and spines of moth caterpillars. I. Fine structure and development of the venomous spicules of the Euproctis caterpillars. 73 32

In this work we have evaluated the effects of blood sugar changes on human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) secretion in young, healthy subjects. Mean fasting hPP level was 74 +/- 5 (SEM) pg/ml (n = 53). Insulin-induced as well as tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia clearly provoked hPP secretion (peaks: 1201 +/- 370 pg/ml, P = 0.03, and 520 +/- 112 pg/ml, P = 0.005, respectively). In contrast, the induction of hyperglycemia by intravenous glucose infusion (0.6 g/min) elicited a significant depression of circulating hPP (37-49% of basal values); discontinuing the infusion resulted in an increase of hPP concentrations (peak: 519 +/- 141 pg/ml, P = 0.018), which coincided with the decline of blood sugar to sub-baseline levels. Glucose as an intravenous bolus (0.33 g/kg) also induced a fall in plasma hPP. Glucose ingestion (1.75 g/kg) was followed by a small and short lived elevation of hPP (154 +/- 34 pg/ml at 15 min, P = 0.04) and by a marked rise during the late hypoglycemic phase of the test (538 +/- 168 pg/ml at 120 min, P = 0.028). Finally, after intravenous arginine, a delayed increase of hPP values was observed, occurring subsequently to the plasma glucose drop. The foregoing data indicate that experimental fluctuations in glycemia inversely affect hPP secretion. Nevertheless, this relationship does not necessarily mean that hPP should be directly implicated in glucose homeostasis.
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PMID:Control of pancreatic polypeptide secretion by glucose in man. 75 16

Hypotension may be expected to produce less perturbation of metabolism in the brain when cerebral metabolic rate is lowered by deep anesthesia. Male Wistar rats having unilateral carotidartery ligation were exposed to mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 torr for 22 min by an intravenous infusion of trimethaphan during anesthesia with halothane, 0.6 or 2 per cent, in oxygen. Cortical tissue metabolite levels on the side of the ligated carotid artery were more abnormal in rats receiving halothane, 0.6 per cent, than in those receiving halothane, 2 per cent. Values at halothane, 0.6 per cent, were adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 1.71 +/- 0.05 (+/-SEM) mumol/g, phosphocreatine (PCr) 1.97 +/- 0.07 mumol/g. and lactate 16.5 +/- 5.1 mumol/g; corresponding values at halothane, 2 per cent, were ATP 2.27 +/- 0.02, PCr 4.02 +/- 0.23, and lactate 4.75 +/- 0.9 mumol/g. ATP and PCr values were significiantly lower (P less than 0.05) and the lactate value was significantly higher with halothane, 0.6 per cent, than with halothane 2 per cent. Cerebral oxygen consumption decreased 47 per cent in rats anesthetized with halothane, 2 per cent. Preservation of cortical metabolite levels in deeply anesthetized animals suggests a protective effect of cerebral metabolic depression.
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PMID:Cerebral energy levels during trimethaphan-induced hypotension in the rat: effects of light versus deep halothane anesthesia. 76 Jun 1

A large kindred of which multiple members have the Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome is presented. This is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by defective enamel, taurodontia, unusually curly hair and occasionally mild to moderate skeletal osteosclerosis. Histologic investigation of teeth (by both LM and SEM) demonstrated that there is a uniformly thin enamel covering with randomly distributed depression and pits. The mineral content of this enamel is closer to that of the underlying dentin, which accounts for its lack of radiographic contrast. The dentin was normal. A bizarre finding is that of a periradicular sheath or membrane that enclosed the open apices and extended partway up the root. It was composed of collagen fiber bundles. The anatomical position of this membrane suggested that it may represent the developing peridontal ligament seen in early tooth formation. Recent embryologic evidence provides support for mesenchymal culpability for all reported features of the syndrome.
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PMID:Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome: a scanning electron microscopic analysis. 89 Oct 5

The ventilatory responses to isocapnic hypoxia and hypercapnia were studied in six dogs each with a tracheostomy, awake and during anaesthesia with halothane, enflurane and isoflurane (1-2.5 MAC). Isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was expressed as the parameter A, such that the greater the value of A, the greater the hypoxic response. In the anaesthetized dogs HVR (A) was reduced significantly from the awake value of 2010 +/- 172 (mean + SEM) to 630 +/- 173 by 1 MAC halothane, 495 +/- 105 by 1 MAC enflurane and 952 +/- 157 by 1 MAC isoflurane (PL0.05). All three anaesthetic agents produced significant depression of HUR at 1 MAC, but enflurane was more depressant than isoflurane. At 1.5 MAC all three anaesthetics produced equal and significant depression of HVR at equianalgesic concentrations. Further increases in anaesthetic concentration caused no increase in depression. Hypercapnic drive, as measured by the slope of the VE/PACO2 response curve, was reduced significantly from 9.75 litre min-1 kPa-1 +/- 2.4 in awake dogs to 0.83 +/- 0.56 after 1 MAC halothane, 0.68 +/- 0.53 after 1 MAC enflurane and 1.58 +/- 0.75 after 1 MAC isoflurane. In addition, hypercapnia-induced augmentation of the hypoxic drive was abolished by 1 MAC halothane or enflurane and diminished markedly by 1 MAC isoflurane. It may be clinically significant that hypoxia and hypercapnia during anaesthesia with these agents did not produce optimal stimulation of ventilation.
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PMID:Depression of hypoxic ventilatory response by halothane, enflurane and isoflurane in dogs. 92 74

The effects of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on the hypoglycemic phase of the glucose tolerance test were studied in ten normal subjects. The mean nadir plasma glucose was 64 +/- 4 mg/dl (x +/- SEM) for the control test, and 48 +/- 4 mg/dl (P less than 0.01) after 3 days of an isocaloric low CHO diet. Following the low CHO diet, six of ten subjects had a nadir plasma glucose less than 50 mg/dl, and five of these six had mild symptoms of hypoglycemia compared to no biochemical or symptomatic hypoglycemia during the control test. Hormone secretory patterns under the two experimental conditions were measured. CHO restriction produced a significant decrease in early insulin release followed by excessive insulin relative to the control test at 3-4 h of the test. Glucose ingestion produced a depression of plasma, glucagon from fasting levels during the control test, which was impaired following CHO restriction. Plasma growth hormone and cortisol responses were not different under the two experimental conditions. These studies demonstrate that CHO restriction followed by concentrated CHO ingestion produces hypoglycemia in normals. They emphasize the need to consider dietary history in evaluation of hypoglycemia. CHO restriction may provide a useful model for further study of the mechanisms of hypoglycemia.
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PMID:Effects of carbohydrate restriction on the hypoglycemic phase of the glucose tolerance test. 99 13


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