Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among approximately 20,000 apparently healthy subjects whose serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) values were screened at a health examination, those with the most pronounced hyperlipidaemia have been selected for further studies. Thus, 188 males and 126 females, aged 30-65 years, with asymptomatic primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and 59 male and 69 female controls with non-elevated serum lipids were studied with regard to frequency of ST segment depressions during exercise to near maximal heart rate. Furthermore, the concentrations of cholesterol and TG were determined in the lipoprotein (LP) classes very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density LP, separated by preparative ultracentrifugation. From the LP analysis each subject's HLP was classified according to the typing system of HLP recommended by the WHO. The frequency of ST depressions (Minnesota code 4.1-4.3 as well as 4.1-4.4) increased with age, was higher in females than in males and was increased in all types of HLP in males. The percentage frequencies of ST depressions 4.1-4.4 in the various types of HLP were (male/female, p against controls): controls 16/36, type IIA 50 (p less than 0.01)/56, type IIB 64 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.05), type III 67 (p less than 0.01)/33 and type IV HLP 40 (p less than 0.01/53. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of ST depressions in subjects with "high" and "low" BP (hypertensives were excluded from the study) or in subjects with "high" and "low" k-value for the i.v. glucose tolerance. Non-smokers had a tendency to higher frequencies of ST depressions than smokers. The association between different LPs and other "risk factors" and the occurrence of ST depressions in HLP were studied further with multiple regression analysis. Invariably age was the best predictor of ST depressions. The LP fraction giving the highest correlation coefficient was LDL cholesterol in both sexes. VLDL TG and LDL TG were also positively and significantly associated with ST depressions. HDL cholesterol was negatively but insignificantly correlated to ST depressions. When age and LDL cholesterol had been entered into the multiple regression, the only factor giving further significance was VLDL TG in males. Probability tables for the occurrence of ST depressions considering age and different levels of LDL cholesterol and VLDL TG were given. The importance of simultaneous consideration of both VLDL TG and LDL cholesterol in ST segment depression was evident from the tables. Of other "risk factors" (BP, glucose tollerance, smoking, ESR) entered into the regression together with only age and the LPs, only ESR contributed with borderline significance to ST depressions.
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PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. IV. ECG at rest and during exercise and its relation to various lipoprotein classes. 17 Jul 96

There has been little basis on which to standardise a diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and so 11 rheumatology units in the south and west of Great Britain have collaborated in a study to evaluate possible criteria. Symptoms and laboratory findings claimed to be of diagnostic value in PMR were included in an analysis of the features of 236 patients considered to have unequivocal PMR and 70 patients thought to have possible PMR. The results were compared with similar information from 253 patients with conditions that mimic PMR and from 201 consecutive new presentations to outpatients. The 7 most valuable criteria for differentiation were bilateral shoulder pain or stiffness, onset of illness of less than 2 weeks' duration, initial ESR greater than 40 mm/h, duration of morning stiffness exceeding 1 hour, age 65 years or more, depression and/or weight loss, and bilateral tenderness in the upper arms. We suggest that a patient might be regarded as having probable PMR if any 3 or more of these criteria are fulfilled, or if at least 1 criterion coexists with a clinical or pathological abnormality of the temporal artery. A standardised therapeutic test with prednisolone has value in making the diagnosis of PMR more certain.
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PMID:An evaluation of criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica. 51 43

Between May and September 1973, 68 cases of scrub typhus in Chinese military personnel on the Pescadores Islands were studied. The common symptoms and signs were fever, chills, headache, eschar, myalgia, and lymph node enlargement. Most eschars were located in the axilla, waist, groin and genitals, and neck. These lesions were painless and not noticed by the patients themselves. Regional lymph node enlargement at the site of eschar drainage was common. Relative bradycardia with fever was observed in 40%, a skin rash in 35% of the patients. Leucopenia was noted more frequently in the febrile than in the convalescent stage, but more than half of the patients had a normal count. Lymphocytosis was prominent, especially during the convalescent period. An acceleration of ESR was noted. Instead of depression of the erythroid series in the marrow which was reported previously, 47% of examined patients were found to have erythroid hyperplasia. Two patients showed marked hypocellularity of the marrow in the acute febrile stage; later on became normocellular. Albuminuria was present in 15 and BUN increased in 12 patients. Elevation of serum bilirubin and SGOT was also noted. Biologic false positive VDRL tests were observed in nine patients. In 30 tests elevation of Proteus OX-K titres between 1:160 and 1:640 was noted. A geometric mean OX-K titre rise in the patients is presented; the mean titre reached a peak in the third week of illness, and then fell off. Most of the patients were treated with tetracycline 500 mg every six hours for about nine days. The fever usually subsided within 36 hours. Complications or mortality were not encountered.
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PMID:Clinical observations of scrub typhus on Penghu (the Pescadores Islands). 117 79

In order to determine the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the physical properties of cells, NMR water-proton relaxation time (which measures the intracellular water organization) and ESR spin labeling (which measures membrane order) measurements were performed on cultured Jurkat T cells exposed to CS. NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) decreased with CS exposure in a dose-dependent fashion. A significantly depressed T1 value was obtained even when CS was delivered through a filter. Cell viability was not affected in this condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevented the depression of T1 value. These results suggest that superoxide radicals or subsequently generated species contained in the gas phase of CS increase the intracellular water organization in viable cells. CS exposure also increased the ESR membrane order parameter of nitroxide spin label. These physical characteristic changes may be important in CS-induced cell responses and cytopathology.
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PMID:Cigarette smoke exposure increases the cell water organization and membrane order of cultured T cells. 131 43

This work presents results of a quasiexperimental prospective cohort study of the medium-term course of chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under two different conditions of care. During 1984-1986 a total of 262 patients was recruited. All were new referrals to a university outpatient department. 121 came from the city of Hannover, FRG, and were assigned to comprehensive team care (cc) provided by two rheumatologists, a nurse, physician's assistant, occupational therapist, psychologist, and social worker; 141 came from outside Hannover and received care from a physician in training for internal medicine/rheumatology and a nurse, supervised by a senior registrar (TC). The patients in the first group were significantly older (57 vs 51 years), had more active disease (ESR 44 vs 31 mm/h), were more disabled (functional capacity 69 vs 78%), more often lived alone (27 vs 10%) and were more depressed compared with patients in the second group. There were no significant differences in gender (80% female), number of Rome criteria (5.2), and disease duration (6 years) between the two groups. 179 patients were followed for 2 years. There was no demonstrable difference between those who dropped out and those who continued in the study. Patients from both groups showed significant and clinically important improvements in ESR and number of swollen joints, whereas functional capacity and pain intensity did not change. Depression and patients' global self-rating improved only in the CC-group. Analyses adjusting for differences between the two groups were unable to show a different efficacy for either form of care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The outcome of traditional or comprehensive outpatient care for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results of an open, non-randomized, 2-year prospective study. 147 35

We have studied NK activity against K562 cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 83 patients affected with RA and searched for correlations with some clinical and laboratory parameters. In 65 patients T lymphocyte subsets were investigated by laser flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 antigens and in 25 patients also HNK-1+ cells were enumerated. NK activity in patients with RA resulted significantly decreased compared with controls (relative cytotoxic index = 0.68 +/- 0.74 versus 1.00 +/- 0.60, p less than 0.01). Decreased NK activity was not correlated with sex, age, duration of disease, ESR, haemoglobin, serum alpha-2-globulin, serum gamma-globulin, rheumatoid factor titre. The only clinical parameter correlated with decreased NK activity was the anatomical stage of the disease. NK activity depression resulted to be significantly correlated with OKT3+ cell percentage and at a lesser extent with OKT4+ and OKT8+ cell percentages. HNK-1+ cell percentage resulted only slightly reduced in patients with RA (13.1 +/- 8.7 versus 15.0 +/- 7.0) and there was only a modest correlation (p approximately equal to 0.10) between NK activity and HNK-1+ cell percentage. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of impaired NK activity in RA, experiments in vitro were carried out on PBMC of 23 patients to investigate the effects of the depletion of cells adherent to plastic, incubation with beta-interferon (1000 IU/ml) and incubation with indomethacin (10 -6M). Our data suggest that decreased NK activity in RA is mainly due to functional immaturity of NK cells and sometimes to inhibition by monocytes in some cases probably through prostaglandin release.
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PMID:Impaired natural killing activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical characteristics and a study of defective mechanisms. 348 36

Seventy-five patients with an early RA (disease duration between 2 and 12 months; 79% female; average age 49 years; 72% with "definite" RA) were followed in a prospective study over a period of 2 years. Within this 24 month observation period there was a drop in the average diagnostic ARA count from 5.0 to 4.2, in the ESR from 48 to 31 mm within the first hour and also in the number of affected joints from 13 to 9. Pain intensity and functional capacity showed a slight decrease in the average score. Despite a consistent antirheumatic therapy (72% on RID's after one year) there was a noticeable increase from 23 to 58% in the prevalence of patients with any erosive changes in the X-ray. Within the two years of this study one third of the patients employed at the onset had to quit their job. The number of patients retired due to RA rose from 0 to 23%. A comparison of two groups of patients (employed versus retired) revealed no significant differences in the initial examination with one exception: The patients eventually retired by the end of the study were significantly older with an average age of 51 versus 39 in the group of still employed patients. On the other hand, by the end of the study the patients remaining employed for the duration of the 2 years were significantly less active and also less severely diseased and handicapped. The number of patients with clinically relevant depression (BDI) or anxiety (STAI) did not change significantly over the 24 month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Social and emotional problems in early rheumatoid arthritis. 75 patients followed up for two years. 369 Sep 85

Studied were the acute and subchronic toxicity of monensin-Na in pigs. The investigations were carried out with elancoban-100, containing 10 per cent monensin-Na. A total of 46 pigs were used, weighing 15 to 60 kg. The preparation was applied individually via the nose or with the feed. It was found that nasally at 5 mg/kg the preparation did not lead to intoxication; rates of 10 and 20 mg/kg proved toxic, and a dose of 30 mg/kg was lethal. Feed containing 300 ppm of monensin-Na given but once led to intoxication and death with part of the animals. Pig tolerated well continuous (33 days) intake of feed that contained the sodium salt of monensin in concentrations of 120 and 240 ppm - no changes in the general status and behaviour were observed, nor were there any deviations in the morphologic and biochemical composition of the blood. It was demonstrated that the low amounts of monensin stimulated the weight gain of pigs. On the other hand, the clinical picture of the intoxication consisted in going off feed, higher pulse and respiration rates, involvement of the nervous system (depression of the nociceptive, eye closure, and ear reflexes, paresis of the hind limbs, and in severe cases - of the forelimbs too), hematuria in most of the animals, higher SGPT activity, and delayed ESR. Morphologically, there were vascular and slightly manifested degenerative changes in the parenchymal organs, red to brown urine in the bladder, strongly enlarged gallbladder, and catarrhal and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Histologically, there was granular and fatty degeneration of the kidneys, liver, and heart, hyperemia, perivascular and pericellular edema and degenerative changes in the glial cells of the berebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.
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PMID:[Toxicity of sodium monensin for pigs]. 734 Jan 8

We describe an audit of 158 patients with RA treated with weekly methotrexate and 5 mg of folic acid 24 h later. Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of this regime in our hands compared with published clinical trials of methotrexate in RA, and to examine patient outcomes. Treatment improved ESR, but only 69% of patients continuing therapy for prolonged periods believed their arthritis to be better on treatment. Health Assessment Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire scores in prospectively studied patients were not significantly altered by treatment. Toxicity occurred frequently (59% in those continuing and 89% in those ceasing therapy) and cessation of therapy solely due to lack of efficacy was rare. The probability of patients continuing with methotrexate and folic acid after 1, 2, 3 and 4 yr was 87, 76, 74 and 74%, respectively, figures that are at the upper end of the reported range for methotrexate alone.
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PMID:An audit of methotrexate and folic acid for rheumatoid arthritis. Experience from a teaching centre. 758 6

The aims of this pilot study, which compares day patient with inpatient care for management of active RA were (i) to test the feasibility of a trial protocol design including the method of randomization and the practicality of data collection, and (ii) to obtain preliminary information on economic cost and clinical outcome of these two methods of management. Twenty consecutive patients requiring admission for management of active RA were randomized to receive either day patient or inpatient care. All hospital, transport, community and indirect costs incurred over a 6-month period from recruitment were collected for each patient. Disease activity and clinical outcome were assessed using the Ritchie articular index, ESR, Health Assessment Questionnaire, Functional Independence Measure and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The trial protocol was found to be feasible and no patient allocated to the day patient group requested or required to be transferred to inpatient care. Day care was significantly cheaper than inpatient care despite higher transport costs; the total cost of treating 10 day patients was UK 10,272 pounds compared with 14,528 pounds for 10 inpatients. Clinical outcome was comparable in both groups for all parameters studied and there was no obvious detrimental effect on patients receiving day care. This pilot study demonstrates that day care is feasible and acceptable to patients with active RA. The preliminary data suggest that day care is substantially cheaper than inpatient care and does not apparently compromise clinical outcome.
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PMID:A pilot study of the economic cost and clinical outcome of day patient vs inpatient management of active rheumatoid arthritis. 815 13


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