Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response of depressive symptoms to ECT was studied in 58 subjects who met DSM-III criteria for major depression. For data analysis, the sample was divided by diagnosis into categories of primary unipolar depression, bipolar depression, and secondary depression. Only 56% of the secondary depression group had a partial or complete remission of depressive symptoms, but 91% of the primary unipolar group and 100% of the primary bipolar group improved. Subdividing the secondary depression group by primary diagnosis revealed a differential response, with alcoholism and schizophrenia having the most favorable outcomes.
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PMID:ECT in primary and secondary depression. 371 Oct 27

Post-ECT blood pressure rise and its relationship to cognitive and affective change were studied in 29 depressed patients, using the Benton Visual Retention Test, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Leeds Self-Assessment Scale for Depression and Anxiety. No real difference was established in the Benton Test error scores before and after ECT, no correlation between rise in blood pressure and change in Benton Test error score with ECT was found, and no correlation was found between blood pressure rise and affective improvement following ECT. Previous studies which reported such correlations are not supported.
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PMID:Post-ECT blood pressure rise and its relationship to cognitive and affective change. 381 35

Six right-unilateral and bilateral ECTs were equally effective in reducing Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores in 34 melancholic patients whose EEG symmetry did not change after ECT. However, a substantial therapeutic advantage was recorded for bilateral ECT in those patients whose EEG symmetry changed. Accentuation of ECT-induced EEG slowing over the right hemisphere was associated with right-unilateral ECT and a lesser treatment response, suggesting that the therapeutic advantage reported by some investigators for bilateral over right-unilateral ECT may be attributed to a poor outcome experienced by those unilateral ECT patients who developed right-sided EEG slowing.
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PMID:ECT-induced EEG asymmetry and therapeutic response in melancholia: relation to treatment electrode placement. 382 32

The authors analyzed several rigorously controlled studies that compared the efficacy of ECT with that of simulated ECT, placebo, and antidepressants. The data from these studies were combined statistically (with the Mantel-Haenszel method for the combination of fourfold tables), showing ECT's clear superiority over all these other forms of treatment for severe depression. The authors similarly analyzed the data from several studies comparing the efficacy of unilateral nondominant ECT with that of bilateral ECT and found no significant difference in their efficacy.
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PMID:Efficacy of ECT: a meta-analysis. 388 6

The frequency of depressive symptoms in anorexic patients, the response of some anorexic patients to antidepressants or ECT, the occurrence of comparable physiologic abnormalities in major depression and anorexia nervosa, and family studies of incidence increasingly link depression and anorexia in the literature. A review of the problems in making this linkage shows that the possibility of anorexia nervosa as a depressive equivalent or a depressive spectrum disorder must be seriously questioned.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa and depression: a dissenting view. 388 7

Sixty nine patients took part in a double-blind study to investigate the efficacy of bilateral, unilateral, and simulated ECT in the treatment of depressive illness. The findings suggest that both bilateral and unilateral ECT are highly effective treatments for depression and are significantly superior to simulated ECT. There was also evidence that patients receiving bilateral ECT recovered more rapidly than those receiving unilateral ECT and required significantly fewer treatments. The relevance of these findings to clinical practice is discussed.
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PMID:The Nottingham ECT Study. A double-blind comparison of bilateral, unilateral and simulated ECT in depressive illness. 389 1

Since its introduction in 1934, electroconvulsive therapy has been subjected to a large number of clinical trials of varying methodological sophistication. Although doubts continue to be expressed about the efficacy of ECT, there is a remarkable degree of unanimity in the findings of trials published over a period of 50 years: improvement rates in depression of 70-80 per cent, compared with 20-30 per cent in untreated controls. The principal caveat is that ECT is not a ubiquitous treatment, even in the field of depression, and only patients with endogenous illnesses, whether unipolar or bipolar, can be expected to respond. Even among these, ECT cannot be expected to prevent the relapses in an illness whose underlying course is episodic. The published studies leave little doubt that ECT is statistically more effective than any of the antidepressant drugs, although the relative difference in outcome between the 2 forms of therapy is small, and drugs are to be preferred in mild or moderate cases. However, ECT is an effective and rapidly acting treatment for severe depressive illness, and the rapidity of the response makes its early use desirable in patients at risk of suicide, and those showing marked retardation, agitation and weight loss.
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PMID:The trials of ECT. 390 Sep 98

The mean suicidal ideation scores of 37 patients receiving ECT improved significantly earlier than energy items. However, caution is recommended in prematurely dismissing clinical wisdom regarding suicidal risk during treatment for depression.
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PMID:Response of energy and suicidal ideation to ECT. 394 Oct 54

Like all laboratory tests, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) should be used as an aid to diagnosis in specified clinical contexts. The test is not appropriate for routine screening for all psychiatric patients; it is most useful in those with a clinical picture of endogenous or melancholic depression for whom treatment with antidepressant drugs or ECT is being considered. In such cases, normalization of the DST may precede and be prognostic of clinical improvement. By contrast, failure of the DST to normalize in hospitalized patients being considered for discharge may be an indicator of possible relapse. Factors that can invalidate the DST, producing spurious false-positive results, are described, and the general principles for sound clinical use of the DST as a laboratory test in psychiatry are summarized.
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PMID:Informed use of the dexamethasone suppression test. 394 Oct 65

Plasma cortisol levels of 41 patients suffering from major depressive episodes were measured at 4 p.m. and 10 p.m. one day after administration of 1 mg dexamethasone at 10 p.m. Comparison of cortisol results to clinical improvement measured by the Beck Depression Inventory before and after 5 weeks of treatment with either ECT, chlorimipramine, amitriptyline, or phenelzine showed no difference between nonsuppressors and suppressors in relation to clinical improvement. Clinical prediction of the outcome of acute response to these treatments using an initial DST does not seem feasible.
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PMID:The DST as a predictor of acute response to treatment with ECT, chlorimipramine, amitriptyline, and phenelzine. 394 22


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