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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors made a randomized prospective study of estrogen therapy versus orchidectomy in patients with prostatic cancer (n = 100, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden) to investigate the possibility of predicting cardiovascular events during hormonal treatment. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular morbidity were excluded (16%). Prior to the allocation of therapy, the following were performed: exercise stress test; physiologic evaluation of the peripheral circulation; blood volume estimation; chest x-ray; blood tests, including hormones, lipoproteins, and antithrombin III; and a physical examination and history by a cardiologist. Thirteen (25%) of the patients given estrogen therapy (n = 53) had cardiovascular complications during the first year of treatment compared with none in the orchidectomy group. The authors made a multivariate discriminant analysis of the pretreatment examinations of the estrogen-treated patients; this resulted in a discriminant function including S-T segment depression in lead CH2 during the exercise stress test and blood tests for cholesterol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. This function correctly classified 84% of the estrogen-treated patients as patients with or without risk of a cardiovascular complication. Briefly stated, if patients with prostatic cancer are examined by means of exercise stress tests and blood tests for luteinizing hormone, cholesterol, and follicle-stimulating hormone prior to treatment, the discriminant function enables the authors to identify an extremely high-risk group for cardiovascular complications if estrogen therapy is commenced. The strong association of an increased luteinizing hormone with cardiovascular complications during estrogen treatment makes it mandatory to investigate its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
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PMID:Prediction of cardiovascular complications in patients with prostatic cancer treated with estrogen. 357 55

The effects of oestrogen therapy and of orchidectomy on coronary status, as reflected by exercise ECG-testing before and after one year of treatment, were assessed in a randomized study of patients (N = 100) with prostatic cancer. Oestrogen was given as polyestradiol phosphate 80 mg i.m. per month in combination with 150 micrograms ethinylestradiol p.o. per day. There were no significant inter-group differences in conventional risk factors or in pre-treatment exercise test results. Twelve months after the start of therapy the oestrogen group showed a significantly greater depression of the ST-segment during maximal exercise in leads CH2 (P less than 0.0005) and CH5 (P less than 0.01) compared with the pre-treatment depression. Twenty-five per cent (N = 13) of the patients in the oestrogen group suffered cardiovascular complications during the year of therapy, whereas no such complications were observed in the orchidectomy group. However, even the patients in the oestrogen group who had not suffered cardiovascular complications had significantly greater depressions of the ST-segment during exercise both in lead CH2 (P less than 0.0005) and in CH5 (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in the ST-segment level in the orchidectomy group twelve months after surgery. In summary, we found evidence of an induction of myocardial ischaemia during treatment with exogenous oestrogens at low dosage in patients with prostatic cancer. This deleterious effect of oestrogen on the coronary status argues against oestrogen therapy, since oestrogen has not been shown to be more beneficial than orchidectomy against prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Deleterious effects of low-dose oestrogen therapy on coronary status in patients with prostatic cancer. 365 28

The administration of radioactive phosphorus and testosterone benefitted two-thirds of thirty patients with prostate cancer treated. Subjective relief of bone pain occurred in 73% of cases and measurable objective improvement occurred in 50%. Hematopoietic depression occurred in 30% of the patients necessitating readmission to hospital for transfusion. This method of treatment is advocated for patients with widespread osseous metastasis, especially those with severe pain.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate: the treatment of bone metastases by radioactive phosphorus (32P). 401 87

Clinical study of UFT which was a mixture of FT and uracil, was conducted on 16 patients with urogenital malignancies. Seven patients had renal cell carcinoma, 5 patients had bladder cancer and 4 patients had prostatic cancer. UFT was continuously administrated at doses of 300 mg or 600 mg per day. One of the patients with renal cell carcinoma and 1 of the patients with bladder cancer showed a complete response, and 1 patient with each cancer showed a partial response, but none of the 4 patients with prostatic cancer responded. In total, complete or partial responses were obtained in 4 of the 16 patients, given an effective rate of 25.0%. Concerning side effects, 3 of the 16 patients complained of anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and stomatitis, but no hepatic or renal disorders, or marrow depression was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of UFT on urogenital tumors]. 642

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 23 patients with bladder and prostate cancer were tested for their ability to respond in vitro to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and allogeneic cells. The lymphocyte response was depressed in 15 patients (65 per cent), 13 with advanced disease, compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes from age-matched hospitalized control subjects tested on the same day. Furthermore, the hyporesponsive lymphocytes from 11 of the 15 cancer patients (73 per cent) inhibited the phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity of normal lymphocytes in co-cultures (16 to 78 per cent suppression). In contrast, lymphocytes from control donors caused no suppression. Incubation of the patients' unseparated peripheral blood lymphocytes on plastic to remove adherent cells restored lymphocyte responsiveness and eliminated their suppressor activity. Returning the adherent cells to cultures with patients' autologous separated and normal lymphocytes recaptured the suppressive effect. Pre-incubation of the patients' lymphocytes with concanavalin A markedly enhanced their ability to suppress and induced moderate suppressor activity by normal lymphocytes. These data suggested that 1 mechanism for the depression of cell-mediated immunity seen in patients with advanced urological cancer may be owing to non-specific suppressor cells, possibly monocytes.
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PMID:Suppressor cells in immunodepressed bladder and prostate cancer patients. 644 4

Two hundred and twelve patients treated for prostatic cancer grade I or II were investigated for cardiovascular complications. The patients were part of a multicentre study in the Stockholm area and had been randomized to treatment with either estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) or polyestradiol phosphate and ethinyl estradiol. Cardiovascular complications categorized as impaired arterial circulation including ischemic heart disease, venous thromboembolism, cardiac incompensation and cerebral depression were found to be equally frequent following the two different forms of treatment. Among the patients getting cardiovascular complications, these occurred within two months after the start of treatment in 50% and within one year in 85% of them. There was a statistically significant correlation between the incidence of cardiovascular complications and a history of previous cardiovascular disease. This criterion was however in retrospect found to predict cardiovascular complications in only 67 of the 126 patients getting one or several of these complications.
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PMID:Cardiovascular complications to treatment of prostate cancer with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) or conventional estrogen. A follow-up of 212 randomized patients. 693 12

This study attempted to determine whether oral administration of diethylstilbestrol (DES) or estramustine phosphate, a mustard compound derivative with unknown mechanism of action, is as effective in the treatment of prostate cancer as castration. Serum testosterone-estradiol binding globulin and total testosterone were measured in 2 groups of male controls (aged under 50 years or over 65 years) and in 7 groups of prostatic cancer patients treated by endocrine manipulation, including orchiectomy and DES or estramustine phosphate. 133 persons were studied. Total serum testosterone levels were significantly higher in younger vs. older controls and testosterone-estradiol binding globulin levels were significantly higher in the older men. Although orchiectomy reduced serum testosterone to low concentrations, the binding globulin level was not altered by surgery. In contrast, estramustine phosphate and DES therapy, administered to intact or castrated patients, led to depressed testosterone and markedly elevated binding globulin levels in serum; this effect was most pronounced among estramustine phosphate users. Therefore, it is concluded that DES or estramustine phosphate therapy is significantly more effective than orchiectomy in eliciting concomitant elevation of the testosterone-estradiol binding globulin and a depression of total testosterone.
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PMID:Effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate on serum sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone levels in prostate cancer patients. 719 Jun 20

Mortality rates from cancer of the prostate in successive periods from 1908 to 1978 in Australia, and 1911 to 1977 in England and Wales, have been examined for trends with time and birth cohort. Age-specific rates and a proportional hazards model, designed to isolate the effect of birth cohort from those of calendar year and age, were used in the analysis. During the period of study, age-standardized mortality rose more than 5-fold in Australian men compared to just over 3-fold in men in England and Wales. In both countries the increases occurred almost entirely before 1960, with relative stability in age-standardized rates since then. The trends in mortality with year of birth were similar in the two sets of data. The risk of death from prostate cancer increased with successive birth cohorts to reach a peak in men born around 1865-1880 in Australia and men born around 1876-1896 in England and Wales. Males born later experienced a continuing reduction in rates, with the exception of age groups between 50 and 69 in which a further increase has appeared, starting with cohorts born after 1910. On the basis of current knowledge of the aetiology of prostate cancer, possible relationships between changes in sexual practices and prostate-cancer risk in successive generations have been explored. It is suggested that lowered sexual activity during the Great Depression may account for the recent cohort-based increases in mortality in middle-aged men.
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PMID:Recent trends in mortality from prostate cancer in male populations of Australia and England and Wales. 728 31

New insights regarding the biology of hormone resistant CaP have shown that major growth factors other than testosterone are responsible for cellular proliferation of androgen resistant prostate cancer cells. In vitro studies have confirmed the efficacy of growth factor inhibitors such as suramin in reducing cellular proliferation of androgen dependent LNCaP and independent PC-3 CaP cell lines as well as CaP cells obtained by primary culture. Initial clinical trials using high dose suramin (peak serum concentration 250-300 micrograms/ml) as monotherapy in patients with hormone resistant CaP have shown some promise, but the duration of response to therapy has been short lived and suramin toxicity is a problem. To minimize toxicity without reducing anti-tumour activity, studies evaluating its use in combination with other cytotoxic drugs are attractive in CaP. Suramin and doxorubicin, tumour necrosis factor and EMP have shown synergy in vitro. However, in a phase II clinical trial using combination therapy with low dose suramin (140 micrograms/ml) and mitomycin C in 32 patients, there was one complete response and six partial responses, and in 15 patients, the disease had stabilized. The median time to treatment failure was 103 days, and the median survival was 209 days. This regimen caused significant toxicities. The present study has shown that the combination of EMP 280 mg twice a day and suramin 1 g weekly infusions for 6 weeks, compared to EMP 280 mg alone, showed a statistically significant difference in the rate of depression of PSA levels after 3 and 6 months of treatment (p < 0.01) and a statistically significant reduction in bone pain and requirement for analgesics in patients on combination therapy-100% compared to 0% for patients on EMP alone.
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PMID:UK studies on suramin therapy in hormone resistant prostate cancer. 762 60

Little is known about the impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the general well-being of men with this condition. All men aged 40-79 years registered with a group general practice were enumerated. BPH was defined as enlargement of the prostate gland of equivalent weight > 20 g in the presence of symptoms of urinary dysfunction and/or a urinary peak flow rate < 15 ml/s, without evidence of malignancy. Four hundred and ten men (20% of those who participated) satisfied these criteria. The proportion of men with a negative feeling of well-being was higher in men with BPH than in men who did not have BPH. The difference was consistent for all aspects of well-being (anxiety, depression, self-control, vitality, being worried or being bothered by illness). Men with BPH had a higher level of bothersomeness attributed to urinary symptoms, and more interference in selected daily living activities caused by urinary dysfunction. These were related to worry or concern over urinary function and prostate cancer, together with a higher level of embarrassment caused by urinary dysfunction, compared with men who did not have BPH. Patients' feelings of well-being should be taken into account in the clinical management of BPH.
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PMID:Impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia on general well-being of men. 768 80


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