Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anesthesia, stress, trauma or the operation per se have been reported to result in alterations of host resistance in a wide range of diseases. The effect of such changes on the thymolymphatic system of patients with prostatic cancer is not known. While evaluating in vitro parameters of cellular immunologic responsiveness in patients with prostatic cancer, we have observed a depression two to seven days following cryosurgery or transurethral resection (TUR) of the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Contrary to the reduced proliferation of PBL cultured in autologous and homologous serum from patients receiving TUR, patients receiving cryosurgery, while also showing reduction in autologous serum, showed increased responsiveness when cultured in homologous serum. Although transient, depression of lymphocyte proliferation, particularly if involving tumor-cloned T-cells, may provide reduced surveillance to potential metastatic tumor cells leading to an alteration of tumor-host homeostasis. The potential of reduced surveillance, at least in the case of TUR, appears to be supported by observations that patients dying from prostatic cancer at our institution had an antecedent TUR. Identifying those patients with changes in responsiveness before surgery, as well as those prone to develop or undergo further reductions in responsiveness after surgery, would appear to be relevant in the management of patient with prostatic as well as other malignancies. Pre- and/or postoperative immunotherapy in such patients may be indicated.
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PMID:Alterations in host responsiveness in patients with prostatic cancer following cryosurgery or transurethral resection. 32 Sep 26

The effect of flutamide, a potent nonsteroidal antiandrogen, on the metabolism of iv tracers of [3H]estradiol was studied in five patients with advanced prostate cancer. The drug produced no change in the percentage of the injected radioactivity recovered in urine or in the glucuronide or nonglucuronide conjugate fractions. Of the five individual metabolites that were quantitated, estrone, estradiol, and estriol were unaffected by flutamide, but the drug caused striking decreases in conversion of estradiol to 2-hydroxyestrone (4.0% vs. 7.4%) (P less than 0.005) and 2-methoxyestrone (1.1% vs. 2.6%; P less than 0.05); every one of the patients showed a marked fall in recovery of both of these compounds. This depression of the formation of 2-oxygenated metabolites is reminiscent of the findings in liver disease; the same abnormality occurs regularly in cirrhosis and frequently in extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Taken together with our previous studies of the effects of flutamide on testosterone and cortisol metabolism, this study demonstrates that flutamide produces multiple functional, reversible, cirrhosis-like disturbances of steroid metabolism. Because these disturbances are universal in the patients studied regardless of whether they had clinical responses to flutamide, we doubt that the steroid metabolic changes play a role in the therapeutic effect of the drug.
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PMID:Effect of flutamide on estradiol metabolism. 46 81

The possibility of altering the course of prostatic cancer by immunologic means requires a clear understanding of the host-tumor relationship in this disease. Available data suggest that prostatic tumors contain both prostate-specific and tumor-specific antigens, although evidence on the latter is still debatable. Patients with prostatic cancer often show nonspecific depression of their cell-mediated immunocompetence, as do patients with many other forms of cancer. The question of whether prostatic cancers are immunogenic; that is, whether they elicit a specific immunologic response, remains unanswered.
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PMID:Immunology of prostatic carcinoma-an overview. 93 81

The effect of oestrogen, cryosurgery and transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate on the blastogenic response of thymic-dependent peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to the non-specific mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated as one in vitro criteria of each of these treatment modalities on the cellular immunologic responsiveness of 24 patients with prostatic cancer. A depression 5 days following receipt of oestrogen and 2-7 days following cryosurgery or TUR of the responsiveness of PHA-stimulated PBL was observed. Oestrogen-induced aberrations of responsiveness may not only be of relevance in prostatic cancer patients, but also suggested association between uterine cancer and prolonged administration of diethylstilboesterol and the development of vaginal tumours in offspring found in association with maternal ingestion during pregnancy. Particularly striking was that contrary to the reduced responsiveness of PBL cultured in autologous and homologous serum from patients receiving TUR, patients receiving cryosurgery, while also showing reduction in autologous serum, showed increased responsiveness when cultured in homologous serum. Although transient, depression of lymphocyte responsiveness, particularly if involving tumour-cloned T cells, may provide reduced surveillance to potential tumour cells leading to an alteration of tumour-host homeostasis. The potential of reduced tumour surveillance at least in the case of TUR, appears to be supported by observations that patients expiring from prostatic cancer at our institution had an antecedent TUR. The possibility of identifying those patients possessing aberrations of responsiveness prior to therapy, as well as those prone to develop or undergo further reduction in their responsiveness following the presently evaluated treatment modalities would appear to be of real and relevant concern in the management of the patient with prostatic, as well as other types of malignant neoplasms. The possibility of pre-operative and/or post-operative immunotherapy in such patients may be indicated pending further study.
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PMID:Evaluation of cellular immunologic responsiveness in the clinical management of patients with prostatic cancer. II. Effect of oestrogen, cryosurgery and transurethral resection on thymic-dependent lymphocytic blastogenesis. 108 94

The circadian rhythms of melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) were analyzed in serum and urine of young men (YM, n = 8), of elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 7) and of patients of similar age with primary prostate cancer (PC, n = 9). The data expressed as concentration and in urine also as hourly excreted quantity were analyzed chronobiologically by the single cosinor method and, subsequently submitted to linear regression analyses. Circadian rhythms were detected in all cases except for the excreted quantity of melatonin. The circadian patterns of melatonin and aMT6s in serum were very similar in the different groups and regression analyses showed close correlations between both variables. MESOR and amplitude were significantly depressed in PC (40-60%) as compared to BPH and YM indicating that the depression of serum melatonin in PC is due to a reduced pineal activity and is not caused by an enhanced metabolic degradation in the liver. Acrophases of serum melatonin occurred between 01:34 and 03:26 h and of serum aMT6s between 03:58 and 04:35 h. Circadian rhythms similar to those of serum melatonin and aMT6s were found in urine, particularly for aMT6s excretion as well as melatonin concentration; the determination of both parameters in overnight urine samples closely correlated with the nocturnal peak of circulating melatonin. These results imply that it is feasible to estimate changes in pineal function of prostate cancer patients by means of non-invasive determination using urinary melatonin and aMT6s.
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PMID:Melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms in serum and urine of primary prostate cancer patients: evidence for reduced pineal activity and relevance of urinary determinations. 139 46

Management of bone pain in patients with multiple osseous metastases is a significant clinical problem. Phosphorus-32 has been used as systemic radioisotope therapy for the management of bone pain for over 40 years. However, significant hematological depression usually results and its use is limited. More recently, the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals strontium-89, samarium-153-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid, and rhenium-186-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate have all been used as palliative treatment for patients with clinically significant bone pain. Excellent clinical responses with acceptable hematological toxicity have been observed. The clinical results rival those of external beam radiation therapy, with fewer systemic and hematological side effects. Systemic radionuclide therapy is indicated in the management of patients with painful metastatic prostate cancer in bone as soon as they escape primary hormonal management. This therapy also should play a role in the management of many patients with advanced breast cancer metastatic to bone. The role of radionuclidic therapy in osseous metastases from other malignancies is still being investigated. These compounds also hold promise as primary therapy for tumors of osseous origin. Systemic radionuclide therapy of painful bony metastases will become common in nuclear medicine practice in the next decade.
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PMID:Radionuclide therapy of intractable bone pain: emphasis on strontium-89. 158 3

Total serum testosterone, serum testosterone binding globulin and free androgen index were determined before and during treatment in 14 patients with previously untreated disseminated prostatic cancer. Six patients received estramustine phosphate and six other patients underwent orchiectomy. Two further patients received estramustine phosphate because of tumor progression one and two years after orchiectomy. The result of the study indicates that estramustine phosphate is significantly more effective than orchiectomy in eliciting low levels of free androgens. This complete androgen ablation is produced by a depression of total testosterone and a concomitant increase of total serum testosterone binding globulin which yields a free androgen index an average 4.6 times lower in estramustine phosphate treated patients than in patients who underwent orchiectomy.
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PMID:Effect of estramustine phosphate on free androgens. A comparative study of the effect of orchiectomy and estramustine phosphate on free androgens in patients with prostatic cancer. 209 2

This study sought to identify differences in serum hormone levels between prostatic cancer (CaP) patients, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and clinic controls (CC). Serum testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin values were obtained from 35 CaP, 42 BPH, and 161 CC patients attending a single medical center between January 1984 and April 1985. Relative risk estimates adjusted for age and race were calculated to compare hormone values between each case group and the CC. The distributions of hormone values and the testosterone to estradiol (T/E) ratios were grouped into thirds with the lowest third forming the reference category. The relative risk estimates for BPH in the middle and high thirds of testosterone were greater than unity (1.26 and 2.10, respectively), whereas the relative risk estimates in the middle and high thirds of estradiol were less than unity (0.63 and 0.35, respectively). For the middle and high thirds of the T/E ratio, the relative risk estimates for BPH showed statistically significant three- to fourfold increases. Modest depression of serum testosterone and estradiol was noted for CaP patients compared to CC, although the differences were not statistically significant. This depression was interpreted to be a likely result of the malignant process rather than a cause of it, whereas the development of clinically evident BPH was felt to be a biologically plausible response to an elevated T/E ratio.
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PMID:Serum hormone levels among patients with prostatic carcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia and clinic controls. 244 56

Two hundred and two patients with bone pain from metastatic cancer were treated with 40 microCi/kg of Sr-89. Patients were followed with pain diaries, records of medication taken, sleep patterns, serial bone scans and a Karnofsky Index. One hundred and thirty-seven patients with adequate followup survived at least 3 months, including 100 with prostate and 28 with breast carcinoma. Eighty of the 100 patients with prostate cancer responded, and 25 of the 28 breast cancer patients improved. Ten patients with prostate cancer and five with breast cancer became pain free. Little hematologic depression was noted. Sr-89 kinetic studies showed that strontium taken up in osteoblastic areas remained for 100 days. The tumor-to-marrow absorbed dose ratio was 10:1.
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PMID:Strontium-89: treatment results and kinetics in patients with painful metastatic prostate and breast cancer in bone. 246 31

The aim of this study was to predict cardiovascular complications in patients with prostatic cancer treated with oestrogen. A randomised prospective study of oestrogen therapy versus orchiectomy was performed. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular morbidity were excluded (16%). Prior to the initiation of therapy, patients were subjected to exercise stress tests, physiological evaluation of peripheral circulation, blood volume estimation, chest X-ray, blood test, including hormones, lipoproteins, and antithrombin III, and a physical examination and history by a cardiologist. The oestrogen treatment and the orchiectomy group did not differ with regard to these pretreatment variables; 25% of the patients given oestrogen therapy had cardiovascular complications during the initial treatment year compared with none in the orchiectomy group. Three statistical discriminating techniques were employed and they allowed us to identify 2 strong discriminating variables for cardiovascular complications if oestrogen therapy is instituted in patients with prostatic cancer but without overt clinical cardiovascular disease. These 2 discriminators were luteinising hormone (LH) and ST-segment depression during exercise. This means that a patient with ST-segment depression during an exercise test and/or a high luteinising hormone concentration should not be treated with oestrogen.
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PMID:Patients at high risk of cardiovascular complications in oestrogen treatment of prostatic cancer. 264 97


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