Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Study of women and alcohol may involve a female/male comparison or comparison among subgroups of women. Epidemiological study over the last decades has not supported the hypothesis of convergence of male and female drinking rates, but changes in women's drinking patterns have occurred. Problem drinking and alcohol abuse in men and women are compared: genetics, vulnerability to liver damage, age at onset, spouse's drinking, use of other drugs. A critical issue is the public/private nature of drinking and the consequences which follow from that. Major antecedents to female problem drinking appear to be difficulties in impulse control, depression, and the earlier appearance of other diagnostic syndromes such as eating disorders or phobia. The consequences of problem drinking and alcoholism--interpersonal, legal, occupational, and medical--are discussed. In spite of the increase in gender-related research reports, women remain "the second sex" in theory development and diagnostic definitions.
 ...
PMID:Recent developments in alcoholism:gender issues. 823 41

This study presents the effects of general psychologic characteristics on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) anxieties and sexual behaviour of adolescents. To this end, data were collected in a complex interview and subsequently subjected to a linear structural model analysis. The questioned adolescents were divided into one representative group (n = 256) and a second group who had participated in a voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test (n = 45). AIDS anxieties have to be divided into two independent dimensions: first, a relatively stable feeling of AIDS anxiety (trait anxiety) and second, a manifest personal anxiety toward AIDS experienced in a concrete situation (state anxiety). A principal component analysis of the primary data brought forth four variables described as depression/general anxiety, extent of phobic anxieties, compulsion, and tendency to self-consciousness. The present study reveals that the AIDS trait anxiety is more pronounced among those subjects who are not well informed about AIDS, who tend to phobic anxieties, and who observe themselves in a particularly intensive manner. The AIDS state anxiety however, is stronger among subjects who are well informed about AIDS, have sexual experience, and observe themselves intensively. Among the participants who took part in the HIV test, there were more individuals with a higher manifest AIDS anxiety and stronger tendency to depression. The percentage of adolescents who were indeed exposed to a possible risk of getting infected was relatively low. Generally speaking, those young people who are depressed, anxious, and sexually active agreed more easily to take the test than young people with a pronounced phobia toward the risk of infection and less sexual experience. As a conclusion, we can state that those adolescents with less sexual experience tend to externalize their general sexual anxieties in the form of concrete AIDS anxieties.
 ...
PMID:AIDS anxieties of adolescents: determinants of "state" and "trait" anxiety dimensions in a linear structural model. 824 Dec 6

Although there has been concern about the use of psychoactive drugs in children, evidence is accumulating that these drugs are beneficial. The various groups of currently available drugs are reviewed with their pharmacological characteristics, adverse effects, dosages, and uses in children. Benzodiazepines, both widely used and severely criticized, are effective when used correctly, in particular for the shortest possible length of time. Antidepressants are indicated in many conditions including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and anxiety; some of their indications are specific to children, such as separation anxiety, enuresis, and school phobia. Neuroleptics have a less well defined role and are usually given as symptomatic treatment, although their use is limited by their side effects. This is also true of lithium, despite fairly good tolerability in children. Carbamazepine was introduced in psychiatry too recently to allow valid evaluation. Psychostimulants are viewed with fear in France despite their documented efficacy in hyperkinetic children. A few other drugs used in other fields of medicine are currently being investigated in psychiatry (beta-blockers, clonidine, naloxone). A debate on drugs used in child psychiatry is much needed in particular to overcome the methodological and ethical problems raised by controlled trials of which few have been conducted to date. Drug therapy should be combined with psychotherapy to place the target symptoms in perspective with regard to the child's overall make-up.
 ...
PMID:[Psychotropic drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry]. 827 3

In a population based sample of 2163 personally interviewed female twins, substantial comorbidity was observed between DSM-III-R defined major depression (MD) and 4 subtypes of phobia: agoraphobia, social phobia, animal phobia and situational phobia. However, the level of comorbidity of MD with agoraphobia was much greater than that found with the other phobic subtypes. We concluded bivariate twin analyses to decompose the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity between MD and the phobias. Our results suggest that a modest proportion of the genetic vulnerability to MD also influences the risk for all phobic subtypes, with the possible exception of situational phobias. Furthermore, the magnitude of comorbidity resulting from this shared genetic vulnerability is similar across the phobic subtypes. By contrast, the non-familial environmental experiences which predispose to depression substantially increase the vulnerability to agoraphobia, have a modest impact on the risk for social and situational phobias and no effect on the risk for animal phobias. The increased comorbidity between MD and agoraphobia results, nearly entirely, from individual-specific environmental risk factors for MD which also increase the risk for agoraphobia but not for other phobias.
 ...
PMID:Major depression and phobias: the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity. 833 53

Using data collected on 348 patients presenting to a hospital-based substance misuse treatment program, the present study compares psychiatric symptomatology and severity of substance misuse among African-American and Caucasian alcohol and drug misusers. African-Americans had a higher overall severity of substance misuse and reported using more substances than Caucasians. African-Americans also had higher levels of somatization, interpersonal problems, depression, hostility, obsessive/compulsive behavior, phobia, paranoia, and psychoticism than Caucasians. African-Americans exhibited higher levels of psychosocial stress and lower levels of global functioning than did Caucasians. The implications of the findings are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Problem severity and symptomatology among substance misusers: differences between African-Americans and Caucasians. 835 47

Although theoretical explanations for comorbidity in panic disorder (PD) abound in the literature, the complex clinical challenges of these patients have been neglected, especially where panic, obsessive-compulsive and 'soft' bipolar (e.g., hypomanic, cyclothymic and hyperthymic) conditions might co-exist. The aim of the present study has been to systematically explore the spectrum of intra-episodic and longitudinal comorbidity of 140 DSM-III-R PD patients--67.1% of whom concomitantly met the criteria for Agoraphobia--and who were consecutively admitted to the ambulatory service of the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Pisa over a 2-year period. Comorbidity with strictly defined anxiety disorders--i.e., not explained as mere symptomatic extensions of PD--was relatively uncommon, and included Simple Phobia (10.7%), Social Phobia (6.4%), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (3.6%), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (4.2%). Comorbidity with Major Depression--strictly limited to the melancholic subtype--occurred in 22.9%. Comorbidity with Bipolar Disorders included 2.1% with mania, 5% with hypomania, as well as 6.4% with cyclothymia, for a total of 13.5%; an additional 34.3% of PD patients met the criteria for hyperthymic temperament. We submit that such comorbid patterns are at the root of unwieldy clinical constructs like 'atypical depression' and 'borderline personality'. The relationship of panic disorder to other anxious-phobic and depressive states has been known for some time. Our data extend this relationship to soft bipolar disorders. Studies from other centers are needed to verify that the proposed new link is not merely due to referral bias to a tertiary university setting.
 ...
PMID:Affective comorbidity in panic disorder: is there a bipolar connection? 840 78

Approximately 30% of patients visiting a cardiologist for the first time with complaints of chest pain appear to have normal coronary arteries. These patients generally have a higher prevalence of atypical chest pain, are relatively young, often female, in most cases suffer from panic disorder and have high scores on depression and anxiety scales. In this article some of the recent studies conducted in this particular line of research are reviewed and some possible explanations for the relationship between complaints and non-cardiac findings are presented. Furthermore, the ability of predicting non-cardiac chest pain from psychological factors and a range of follow-up studies are discussed. Finally the possibilities of treating cardiac phobia are mentioned.
 ...
PMID:Psychological aspects of non-cardiac chest pain. 855 55

The symptoms reported by patients who have experienced minor head or minor neck injury are compared. Symptoms were identified using a questionnaire-based out-patients interview. Rank order correlation analyses were carried out on data obtained at 2 and 6-12 weeks post-injury. Data on 24 head-injured and 29 neck-injured patients are presented. There was a significant rank order correlation at both assessments but neck injured patients reported more phobia (fear of travelling in car) and depression, and head-injured more dizziness. It is likely that neck-injury contributes to the symptomatology experienced after minor head injury, and vice-versa.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of symptoms experienced following minor head injury and acute neck strain (whiplash injury). 858 Dec 40

In the recent 18 months we analysed 13 patients with so-called therapy-resistant intestinal candidosis. Symptoms like flatulence, digestive trouble, intestinal inefficiency, arthralgia, heart trouble, etc., were declared. From four patients Candida albicans and in further three patients C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, Trichosporon cutaneum, and Geotrichum candidum could be isolated. Serological tests were normal. In none of the 13 patients a mycosis which needed therapy was proven. Eight patients had signs of a depression or neurosis. In all 13 patients the occasional or repeated isolation of yeasts from faeces or the oral cavity was falsely interpreted as a fungal infection and thus became the inductor of a phobia.
 ...
PMID:[Mycophobia--a new disease?]. 876 66

The relationship of obsessions and compulsions with hypochondriasis is receiving increasing attention, but has not been substantiated by adequate research. The Illness Attitude Scales (IAS), which identify hypochondriacal patients, were administered to 30 patients with DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder and 30 healthy control subjects matched for sociodemographic variables. All IAS scales were significantly higher in patients with obsessions and compulsions. However, there were no significant differences between patients and controls in the number of subjects whose symptom intensity exceeded a clinical threshold for hypochondriasis and disease phobia. Furthermore, hypochondriacal fears and beliefs were poorly correlated with obsessions and compulsions. The results suggest the presence of mild abnormal illness behaviour in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, unlike the situation in patients with panic disorder and depression.
 ...
PMID:Hypochondriacal fears and beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. 879 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>