Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey on the nutritional status and cell-mediated immune function of 47 hospitalized patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls was conducted. In the patients group: 1) Anthropometric measurements, such as %ideal body weight (%IBW), %arm circumference (%AC), %arm muscle circumference (%AMC) and %triceps skin fold (%TSF), were significantly reduced. 2) Visceral proteins including serum albumin (Alb), transferrin (Tf), prealbumin (PA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were significantly reduced. 3) The imbalance of plasma amino acids, which was characterized by the depression of Fischer ratio, a molar ratio of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) to aromatic amino acids (AAA), was observed. Fischer ratio was significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements (%IBW, %AC and %AMC). Delayed-type hypersensitivity to DNCB (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene) and lymphocyte transformation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were significantly impaired in the patients group, whereas NK cell activity was higher than that of controls. Alb, PA, RBP and Fischer ratio were significantly lower in the patients with reduced DNCB reaction than in those with normal responses. Lymphocyte transformation was significantly correlated with Fischer ratio, and NK cell activity was significantly correlated with Alb, PA, RBP. These data may suggest that the imbalance of plasma amino acids represented by the reduction of Fischer ratio and the depletion of visceral proteins are closely related to the impairment of lymphocyte function in the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Relationship between nutritional depletion and cell-mediated immune function in active pulmonary tuberculosis]. 818 84

Ferro metabolism abnormalities have been related to behavioral and intelectual performance, depression and low response antidepressants in adults. For studying the clinical meaning of those abnormalities in psychiatric patients, sideremia, transferrin and transferrin saturation level were determined in 228 in-patients. The results show a decreased sideremia and transferrin saturation level in elder patients, and more severe abnormalities in patients with a history of somatic disorders and in those with current somatic pathology associates to psychiatric pathology. There is an increasing cortisol postdexametasona in low transferrin patients, as the only data that relate ferro metabolism and depression. Relation between ferro metabolism and: response to treatment, neuropsychological performance and others demographic, clinical, developmental and biological features of the studied have not been detected.
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PMID:[Metabolic changes of iron in mental patients]. 833 20

SK&F 105685 is a novel azaspirane with immunosuppressive activity in animal models of autoimmune disease. This study evaluates the efficacy and mechanism of action of the compound in rat recipients of cardiac allografts. Short-term SK&F 105685 therapy (20 mg/kg/day by gavage) proved effective both in the pretreatment (days -14 to -8 or -7 to -1; allograft at day 0) and treatment (days 0 to 6) protocols, with cardiac allograft survival prolonged to 14-17 days (acute rejection = 7 days; P < 0.001). SK&F 105685 pretreatment exerted at least additive effects with subtherapeutic CsA (1.5 mg/kg/day x 7 days i.m.) given after transplantation, with 50% of allografts surviving > 50 days. SK&F 105685 therapy diminished the immunohistological features of acute rejection, with the cellular infiltrate suppressed and the induction of IL-2/transferrin receptors, and elaboration of IL-2/IFN-gamma essentially abolished, as compared with the grafts in untreated hosts. These correlated with normal frequency of CD4, CD5, CD8 phenotype subsets and B cells in recipient lymphoid organs, as shown by flow microfluorimetry. Adoptive transfer of untreated or x-irradiated (2000 rads) spleen cells from SK&F 105685-modulated hosts significantly prolonged the survival of donor-specific or third-party test cardiac allografts to 10-15 days, suggesting the presence of nonspecific x-irradiation-resistant suppressor cells in the transferred inoculum. Their activity could be enriched by Percoll density centrifugation and screened by the ability to inhibit Con A-driven proliferation of normal cells in the coculture assay. The light-density x-irradiation-resistant spleen cell fraction (1.07 g/ml) was consistently and significantly more suppressive than the heavy-density (1.09 g/ml) interface, or the corresponding unseparated cells. Thus SK&F 105685 therapy abrogates rejection response and significantly prolongs the survival of vascularized cardiac allografts in rats. This effect is associated with selective depression of host alloreactivity/immune activation at the graft site, and simultaneous induction of suppressor cells in recipient spleen, comparable to natural or nonspecific suppressor cells generated by TLI. This unique activity profile is consistent with the concept that SK&F 105685 should be considered as a critical chemical adjunct in novel therapeutic strategies representing TLI-equivalent.
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PMID:Induction of nonspecific x-irradiation-resistant suppressor cell activity in vivo and prolongation of vascularized allograft survival by SK&F 105685, a novel immunomodulatory azaspirane. 851 8

A new method was developed that reduces the intracellular iron content of cells grown in serum-containing culture without involving the significant uptake of iron-chelating agents into cells. Negatively charged bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate (BPS), together with ascorbate, caused cells to lose much of their cellular iron without causing much depression in HL-60 or H9c2 (2-1) cell proliferation over a 48-h period. When added to serum supplemented RPMI-1640 culture media, BPS and ascorbate efficiently reduced and competed for iron in Fe(III) transferrin to form Fe(II)(BPS)3. The reaction also occurred with purified human iron-transferrin. When cells were incubated with growth medium containing serum that had been treated with BPS and ascorbate for 24 h, little or no BPS2- or Fe(II)(BPS)(4-)3 entered the cells, according to direct measurements and in agreement with the highly unfavorable 1-octanol/water partition coefficients for these molecules. However, iron was mobilized out of both cell types. After 24 h incubation of cells in this medium, there was no change in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, or in the concentration of glutathione. Glutathione peroxidase was elevated 9%. Using HL-60 and H9c2 (2-1) cells made iron deficient with BPS and ascorbate, HL-60 cells grown in defined-growth media in the absence of iron-pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone, or Euglena gracilis cells maintained in a defined medium that was rigorously depleted of iron, it was shown that the cytotoxicity of adriamycin is markedly dependent on the presence of iron in each type of cell. Similar results were obtained when HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI-1640 culture medium and serum that had been incubated for 24 h in BPS and ascorbate and then chromatographed over a Bio-Rad desalting column to remove small molecules including BPS, ascorbate, and Fe(II)(BPS)3.
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PMID:Depletion of cellular iron by bps and ascorbate: effect on toxicity of adriamycin. 872 Sep 2

This study compared the serum lipid concentrations in 100 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with those from 100 matched healthy controls. It was found that the serum total cholesterol concentration in patients with MDD (5.27 +/- 1.18 mmol/L) was significantly lower than the value (6.63 +/- 1.32 mmol/L) in sex-, age-, and weight-matched healthy controls. This significant decrease in serum cholesterol in patients with MDD was noted in both sexes and in all age groups. Patients with MDD, however, had significantly higher HDL cholesterol than matched controls. There were no statistically significant differences in serum concentrations of triglycerides, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, Apo B, transferrin, and albumin between patients and controls. Clinical recovery of patients with MDD was accompanied by a significant increase in serum total cholesterol from 5.27 +/- 1.18 mmol/L to 6.12 +/- 1.2 mmol/L. These results suggest an association between low serum total cholesterol and depression in both sexes and at all age groups.
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PMID:Serum lipid concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder. 893 15

Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine. DPP IV is involved in the metabolism of peptides, T cell activation and proliferation, including the production of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2. The aim of this study was to examine (i) serum DPP IV activity in major and treatment resistant depression (TRD) in relation to other established immune and inflammatory markers of that illness, and (ii) the effects of antidepressive treatment on DPP IV activity. Serum DPP IV activity was significantly lower in major depression and TRD than in normal controls. In normal and major depressed subjects, there were significant and positive relationships between serum DPP IV activity and total serum protein, serum albumin, zinc, iron and transferrin. In the group of depressed subjects, there were significant and positive relationships between serum DPP IV activity and number of CD4+T cells and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. There were no significant effects of subchronic treatment with antidepressants on serum DPP IV activity. The findings suggest that: (i) lower serum DPP activity may occur in chronic depression, TRD as well as in the acute phase of major depression; (ii) lower serum DPP IV accompanies the 'chronic' acute phase response in depression; and (iii) serum DPP IV activity is tightly coupled to increased number of CD4+ T cells in depressed subjects, but not in normal controls. Our results do not exclude the possible effects of longer-term treatment with antidepressants on serum DPP-IV activity.
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PMID:Lower serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in treatment resistant major depression: relationships with immune-inflammatory markers. 914 29

Serum total tryptophan and the five competing amino acids (CAA), i.e., valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine were determined in 35 major depressed subjects of whom 27 with treatment resistant depression (TRD), and 15 normal controls. Twenty-five of the depressed subjects had repeated measurements of the amino acids both before and after antidepressive treatment. The following immune-inflammatory variables were assayed in the above subjects: serum zinc (Zn), total serum protein (TSP), albumin (Alb), transferrin (Tf), iron (Fe), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), number of peripheral blood leukocytes, and the CD4+/CD8+ T cell (T-helper/T-suppressor) ratio. Serum tryptophan and the tryptophan/CAA ratio were significantly lower in major depressed subjects than in normal controls. The tryptophan/CAA ratio was significantly lower in patients with TRD than in patients without TRD and normal controls. There were no significant alterations in any of the amino acids upon successful therapy. There were significant correlations between serum tryptophan and serum Zn, TSP, Alb, Tf, Fe, and HDL-C (all positive), and number of leukocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio (all negative). The tryptophan/CAA ratio was significantly and negatively related to the number of leukocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio. The results suggest that (a) TRD is characterized by lower availability of serum tryptophan; (b) the availability of tryptophan may remain decreased despite clinical recovery; and (c) the lower availability of tryptophan is probably a marker of the immune-inflammatory response during major depression.
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PMID:Serotonin-immune interactions in major depression: lower serum tryptophan as a marker of an immune-inflammatory response. 922 8

The aims of the present study were to examine i) serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in treatment resistant depression (TRD); ii) the effects of subchronic antidepressant therapy on these trace elements; and iii) the relationships between serum Zn and Cu and immune/inflammatory markers. Serum Zn was significantly lower in TRD than in normal controls. There was a significant inverse correlation between baseline serum Zn and staging of depression based on severity of prior treatment resistance. There were no significant effects of antidepressive treatment on serum Zn, whereas serum Cu was significantly reduced. There were highly significant correlations between serum Zn and the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio (negative), and total serum protein, serum albumin, and transferrin (all positive). The results suggest that lower serum Zn is a marker of TRD and of the immune/inflammatory response in depression. It is suggested that treatment resistance may bear a relationship with the immune/inflammatory alterations in major depression.
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PMID:Lower serum zinc in major depression is a sensitive marker of treatment resistance and of the immune/inflammatory response in that illness. 927 75

Early recognition of alcohol problems by general practitioners might be enhanced by the use of better alcohol markers. Several studies have revealed promising results for the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) assay in certain populations. The aim of our study was to examine the specificity of the CDT assay in a general practice population. The main research question was whether common chronic diseases and/or the accompanying prescribed drugs have a negative influence on the specificity of the CDT assay. The 524 men who participated were selected from seven general practices and were suffering from one or more of the following diseases: hypertension, asthma/bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, adipositis/lipid metabolism disorder, angina pectoris, depression, and disorders of the digestive tract. None of the studied diseases or of the accompanying prescribed drugs had an influence on the specificity of the CDT assay. The overall specificity in this general practitioner population was 0.92. It can be concluded that the studied diseases do not bear an influence on the serum CDT concentration, and that, therefore, the CDT assay is a highly specific instrument for use in assessing alcohol consumption in general practice patients.
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PMID:The specificity of the CDT assay in general practice: the influence of common chronic diseases and medication on the serum CDT concentration. 966 Mar 21

Serum visceral protein and hematological indices and their behavioral and clinical correlates were determined in women with bulimia nervosa and depressed controls. One hundred and fifty-two women who met DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa and 68 women with DSM-IV major depression completed a structured clinical interview and had blood samples drawn prior to admission to outpatient treatment programs. Albumin and prealbumin concentrations were lower in the depressed women, possibly due to recent weight loss. Elevated transferrin values suggested mild iron deficiency in nearly one-fifth of women with bulimia nervosa. Of women with bulimia nervosa, the 10.7% who had hemoglobin and 5.1% who had vitamin B12 levels below the normal range were not distinguishable on measures of body mass index, binge eating, vomiting, or restriction frequency. The 4.3% with low prealbumin levels experienced significantly more episodes of binge eating and vomiting in the prior fortnight than those with normal values. Frequency of vomiting was also inversely associated with albumin concentration. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were inversely and linearly related to serum vitamin B12. Lower B12 levels in those with alcohol abuse/dependence did not explain the association between B12 and HDRS scores. No hematological indices were related to body mass index, binge eating or restriction frequency, or restriction intensity. In summary, women with bulimia nervosa do not appear to be at greater risk of visceral protein or hematological abnormalities than psychiatric controls. It is suggested that a high frequency of vomiting and alcohol abuse/dependence, increases the risk of subclinical malnutrition in women with bulimia nervosa, and that poor vitamin B12 nutriture may interfere with the functioning of the serotonergic or catecholaminergic systems and contribute to depressive symptoms in bulimia nervosa.
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PMID:Visceral protein and hematological status of women with bulimia nervosa and depressed controls. 1022 89


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