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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the myocardial perfusion correlates of precordial ST segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction, a rest thallium-201 scintigram and a closely timed 12 lead electrocardiogram were obtained within 6 hours of the onset of infarction in 44 patients admitted with their first acute inferior myocardial infarction. Thirty-six patients demonstrated precordial ST segment depression (group 1) and eight did not (group 2). A perfusion defect involving the inferior wall was present in all 44 patients. Additional perfusion defects of the adjacent posterolateral wall (n = 20), the ventricular septum (n = 9) or both (n = 6) were present in 35 of 36 patients from group 1 compared with only 1 of 8 patients from group 2 (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the frequency of multivessel coronary artery disease or disease of the left anterior descending artery between group 1 and group 2 or between patients with and those without a thallium-201 perfusion defect involving the ventricular septum. Thus, precordial ST segment depression during an acute inferior myocardial infarction is associated with thallium-201 scintigraphic evidence of more extensive involvement of the adjacent posterolateral or inferoseptal myocardial segments, which probably reflects the extent and pattern of distribution of the artery of infarction, rather than the presence of coexistent multivessel coronary artery disease or disease of the left anterior descending artery.
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PMID:Precordial ST segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction: early thallium-201 scintigraphic evidence of adjacent posterolateral or inferoseptal involvement. 396 4

One hundred and fifty-two patients underwent cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography within 6.3 +/- 6.0 hours from onset of acute myocardial infarction. All had a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recorded within 1.5 hours of cardiac catheterization. The electrocardiographic abnormalities present were correlated with the infarct related artery as determined by coronary arteriography. ST segment elevation was the most common finding in patients with the left anterior descending (LAD), or right coronary artery (RCA) as the infarct related artery. ST segment depression was the most common abnormality in patients with left circumflex artery (CX) as the infarct related artery. A typical pattern of anterior acute myocardial infarction was seen in 93% of all patients with the LAD as the infarct related artery. A typical pattern of acute inferior myocardial infarction was seen in 53% of all patients with RCA or CX narrowing taken as one group. The pattern of true posterior or posterolateral wall acute myocardial infarction in the absence of typical changes in the inferior leads was highly specific and predictive of CX narrowing. In contrast, the pattern of an inferior wall myocardial infarction, in the absence of true posterior or lateral wall changes, was highly specific and predictive of right coronary artery narrowing. Fifty-six percent of patients with CX artery as the infarct related artery presented with non-classical electrocardiographic abnormalities. The electrocardiographic pattern in patients with subtotal occlusions were similar to those of patients with total occlusions. Thus the electrocardiogram obtained in the first few hours of acute myocardial infarction is reliable in localizing the LAD as the infarct related artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relation between electrocardiography and coronary angiography findings in the infarct stage]. 399 57

The finding of ST segment depression (reduced ST) in the anterior leads during acute inferior myocardial infarction is a common clinical sign. Nevertheless, its significance is not yet well established. To evaluate the significance of this finding, 58 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, who has an electrocardiogram within 8 hours from the onset of the disease, were divided into 2 groups: group A (14 patients with anterior reduced ST less than 1 mV) and group B (44 patients with reduced ST greater than or equal to 1 mV in one or more anterior leads). All patients subsequently underwent coronary angiography and left ventriculography, mean 50 days after acute myocardial infarction. reduced ST was not predictive of left anterior descending coronary artery disease. On the contrary, a significantly higher rate of 2-3 vessel disease (p less than 0.05) and of critical stenosis or occlusion of the right or circumflex coronary artery (p less than 0.05) was found in group B. Peak CK level was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in this group as well. No significant difference was found in ejection fraction and anterior wall motion abnormalities, whereas a higher number of patients in group B showed a depressed function of the postero-basal segment (p less than 0.05). During 6 months follow-up, 2 patients in group A and 24 in group B experienced cardiac events (angina, reinfarction, heart failure, coronary artery by-pass grafting, cardiac death) (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and hemodynamic implications of anterior ST segment depression in inferior myocardial infarct]. 400 63

Functional risk stratification has been a fruitful new approach to classification and management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Risk is divided into the functional categories: (1) left ventricular dysfunction; (2) ventricular arrhythmias; and (3) ischemia. Diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction and perhaps aneurysm formation are independent indicators of death. Holter ECG recording of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias or ventricular arrhythmias induced by programmed ventricular stimulation can identify patients who have a higher risk of dying. Ischemic risk can be identified with accuracy in patients with first inferior myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography is indicated to establish ischemic risk for the following situations (1) angina pectoris with ST depression; (2) non-Q wave infarction (3) inferior infarct with positive exercise test; and (4) anterior infarction with left ventricular ejection fraction between 20% and 40%.
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PMID:Risk stratification after myocardial infarction. 409 72

Although patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction often manifest S-T segment depression in precordial electrocardiographic leads, the pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with this finding are poorly understood. To examine this problem, electrocardiographic findings on admission were compared with results of radionuclide cineangiography performed within 38 hours of the onset of symptoms in 25 patients with inferior infarction. Summation of S-T depression in leads V1 through V4 permitted the separation of patients into two groups: Group A (11 patients with 0.20 mV or less of S-T depression) and Group B (14 patients with 0.45 vM or more of S-T depression). The radionuclide cineangiogram revealed inferior wall dysfunction in all patients. Additional posterolateral dysfunction was seen in 13 patients, all in Group B. Patients in Group B had a relatively larger infarction (peak creatine kinase Units - 756 +2- 358 in Group A versus 1,566 +/- 983 units in Group B, p less than 0.01) and greater functional impairment (ejection fraction - 45 +/- 12 in Group A versus 33 +/- 12 in Group B, p less than 0.01). The relation between precordial S-T segment depression and posterolateral dysfunction appears to be largely independent of electrocardiographic evidence of "true posterior infarction." Thus moderate or severe anterior precordial S-T depression in patients with acute inferior infarction is a sensitive and specific indicator of relatively extensive myocardial damage, primarily involving the posterolateral region.
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PMID:Anterior S-T segment depression in acute inferior myocardial infarction: indicator of posterolateral infarction. 611 61

To assess various factors associated with anterior S-T segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction, 47 consecutive patients with electrocardiographic evidence of a first transmural inferior infarction were studied prospectively with radionuclide ventriculography an average of 7.3 hours (range 2.9 to 15.3) after the onset of symptoms. Thirty-nine patients (Group I) had anterior S-T depression in the initial electrocardiogram and 8 (Group II) did not have such "reciprocal" changes. There was no difference between the two groups in left ventricular end-diastolic or end-diastolic volume index or left ventricular ejection fraction. Stroke volume index was greater in Group I than in Group II. There were no group differences in left ventricular total or regional wall motion scores. A weak correlation existed between the quantities (mV) or inferior S-T segment elevation and reciprocal S-T depression. No relation between anterior S-T segment depression and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index could be demonstrated; the extent of left ventricular apical and right ventricular wall motion abnormalities, both frequently associated with inferior infarction, did not correlate with the quantity of anterior S-T depression. These data show that anterior S-T segment depression occurs commonly during the early evolution of transmural inferior infarction, is not generally a marker of functionally significant anterior ischemia and cannot be used to predict left ventricular function in individual patients. Anterior S-T segment depression may be determined by reciprocal mechanisms.
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PMID:Clinical implications of anterior S-T segment depression in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction. 628 33

The hypothesis that anterior ST segment depression represents concomitant posterior infarction was tested in 49 patients admitted with a first transmural inferior myocardial infarction. Anterior ST depression was defined as 0.1 mV or more ST depression in leads V1, V2 or V3 on an electrocardiogram recorded within 18 hours of infarction. Serial vectorcardiograms and technetium pyrophosphate scans were obtained. Eighty percent of the patients (39 of 49) had anterior ST depression. Of these 39 patients, 34% fulfilled vectorcardiographic criteria for posterior infarction, and 60% had pyrophosphate scanning evidence of posterior infarction. Early anterior ST depression was neither highly sensitive (84%) nor specific (20%) for the detection of posterior infarction as defined by pyrophosphate imaging. Of patients with persistent anterior ST depression (greater than 72 hours), 87% had posterior infarction detected by pyrophosphate scan. In patients with inferior myocardial infarction, vectorcardiographic evidence of posterior infarction correlated poorly with pyrophosphate imaging data. Right ventricular infarction was present on pyrophosphate imaging in 40% of patients with pyrophosphate changes of posterior infarction but without vectorcardiographic evidence of posterior infarction. It is concluded that: 1) the majority of patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction have anterior ST segment depression; 2) early anterior ST segment depression in such patients is not a specific marker for posterior infarction; and 3) standard vectorcardiographic criteria for transmural posterior infarction may be inaccurate in patients with concomitant transmural inferior myocardial infarction or right ventricular infarction, or both.
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PMID:Is anterior ST depression with acute transmural inferior infarction due to posterior infarction? A vectorcardiographic and scintigraphic study. 633 Jan 94

To determine the incidence and the significance of anginal chest pain during abnormal exercise testing (S-T greater than or equal to 0.1 mV) in patients with recent myocardial infarction we reviewed a series of 353 patients who underwent maximal bicycle exercise stress 4-8 weeks following acute myocardial infarction. Of the 353 patients, 26 had ischemic ECG changes and chest pain (group A); 85 patients had ischemic ECG changes but no chest pain (group B). The two groups differ significantly only in the frequency of a history of typical angina pectoris more than 6 months prior to acute myocardial infarction (group A 42.3% vs. group B 15.2%, p less than 0.01). Typical chest pain is more frequent in anterior versus inferior myocardial infarction (50 vs. 14.4%, p less than 0.001). The patients were followed up for 28.8 +/- 8.7 months with clinical and exercise testing controls. The incidence of exertional angina during the follow-up was significantly more frequent in group A patients than in group B patients (80.7 vs. 24.7%, p less than 0.001). Unstable angina pectoris was more frequent in group A (34.6 vs. 11.8%, p less than 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality (group A 3.8% vs. group B 5.9%) and cardiac events (group A 3.8% vs. group B 5.9%) between the two groups. Thus, we concluded that the occurrence of anginal pain associated with S-T segment depression during exercise testing does not increase the prognostic risk.
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PMID:Incidence and prognostic significance of symptomatic and asymptomatic exercise-induced ischemia in patients with recent myocardial infarction. 648 28

In 24 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, the presence and duration of ST-segment depression in lead V2 correlated with the presence of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Early changes in lead V2 (within 4 hours after the onset of pain) were 67% sensitive and only 42% specific, whereas late changes (after onset of inferior Q waves and more than 6 hours after the onset of pain) were 42% sensitive, but 100% specific for the presence of LAD stenosis or decreased LVEF or both. Thus, in patients with inferior infarction, only the late repolarization change is helpful in identifying those with LAD stenosis or decreased LVEF. The absence of lead V2 ST-segment depression on either early or late electrocardiograms does not imply a normal LAD or LVEF.
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PMID:Significance of early and late anterior precordial ST-segment depression in inferior myocardial infarction. 649 63

We have assessed the prognostic significance of ST segment depression in the anterior precordial leads in patients with an acute inferior infarction. Eighty-four patients with ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1 mm in at least 2 chest leads (Group A) and 82 patients without ST depression (Group B), all admitted to the hospital within 24 hours from the onset of an acute inferior myocardial infarction, were evaluated. Patients with an old infarction, those with intraventricular conduction abnormalities or other causes that could modify the ST segment were excluded from the study. The number of patients affected by complications during the hospital stay was significantly higher in group A (54 patients of group A vs 27 of group B, p less than 0,001). Death, left ventricular failure, ventricular arrhythmias were considerably higher in group A. Moreover we observed that the persistence of the ST segment depression for more than 24 hours identified a subgroup of patients with a very strong risk of complications, particularly death and left ventricular failure. The follow up after 3-6 months, however, did not show any significant difference in both groups. In conclusion, from our study it appears that patients with an inferior infarction precordial ST segment depression have a graver prognosis in the acute phase while their mid-term fate does not seem to be influenced by the presence of this electrocardiographic abnormality.
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PMID:[Depression of the ST segment in precordial derivations: prognostic value in inferior myocardial infarct]. 650 Feb 15


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