Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the cellular immune response against malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in two broiler chicken lines, A and B. We determined the number of pan T-lymphocytes (CD3), helper T-lymphocytes (CD4), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8) and macrophages/monocytes in the small intestine in the first 2 weeks after oral inoculation of two MAS homogenates, MAS80 and MAS97-1. The immune cells were detected on cryostat tissue by immunohistochemistry and counted by villus area. In trial 1, we compared the two broiler lines for weight gain depression, intestinal lesion and number of CD3, CD4, CD8 cells and macrophages/monocytes after MAS80 inoculation. Although there was no significant difference in weight gain depression between the two broiler lines, line B had significantly higher numbers of CD8+ T-cells per villus area than had line A. To confirm part of the results of trial 1, trial 2 was done in which we compared different homogenates in broiler line B. Broiler line B was orally inoculated with either MAS97-1, intestinal homogenate obtained from healthy chickens (healthy homogenate), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In this trial, the MAS97-1 homogenate also induced weight gain depression and intestinal lesions, whereas the "healthy homogenate" and PBS did not induce weight gain depression or intestinal lesions. The broilers inoculated with MAS97-1 homogenate had significantly more CD8+ T-cells per villus area than had broilers inoculated with "healthy homogenate" or PBS. Increased CD8+ T-cells per villus area in the affected small intestines of broilers suggests an increase of cytotoxic T-cell activity.
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PMID:Cellular immune response in the small intestine of two broiler chicken lines orally inoculated with malabsorption syndrome homogenates. 1186 67

Oxygen transport, its metabolic maintenance and immune status were studied in 17 patients with congenital valvular heart disease (CVD) having compensated (n = 8, group 1) and decompensated (n = 9, group 2) defects of hemodynamics. CVD patients with decompensated central hemodynamics and progressing hypoxia had impaired compensatory rearrangement of oxygen transport system. Accumulation of intracellular lactate, low activity of basic energetic cycles of blood cells most evident in decompensated CVD was observed in both the groups. In conditions of severe energy-structural deficiency and impaired function of oxygen transport systems, CVD patients develop secondary immune deficiency presenting with depression of basic immunoregulatory subpopulations of T- and B- cellular immunity (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD16, CD22).
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PMID:[Oxygen transport and immune status in patients with congenital valvular heart disease]. 1208 80

Alterations in immune function are associated with major depression and have been related to changes in endocrine function. We investigated whether alterations in immune function were associated with altered basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function (salivary cortisol) and lymphocyte sensitivity to dexamethasone (DEX) intake (1 mg PO). The latter was explored by comparing the impact of DEX-induced changes on peripheral lymphocyte redistribution and expression of adhesion molecules (beta2 integrins and L-selectin). The study included 36 inpatients with treatment-resistant major depression (unipolar subtype) and 31 matched healthy controls. The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was carried out and used to classify 10 patients as HPA axis non-suppressors. The latter presented significantly higher post-DEX salivary cortisol levels than DST suppressors, 82.0 vs. 8.9 nM l(-1) h(-1). No differences in basal salivary cortisol levels were found between patients and controls. Changes in cell redistribution (CD4(+), CD8(+), CD19(+), CD56(+) and HLADR(+) cells) after DEX administration were more prominent in controls than in patients, but the effects of DEX varied dependent on whether patients exhibited DEX-induced suppression of cortisol secretion. Glucocorticoid-induced suppression of adhesion molecule expression was also generally less marked in patients than controls. Our data indicate that alterations in immune function and steroid regulation associated with depression are not related to elevated basal levels of cortisol and further suggest that lymphocyte steroid resistance is associated with drug-resistant depression.
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PMID:Dexamethasone-induced effects on lymphocyte distribution and expression of adhesion molecules in treatment-resistant depression. 1246 41

The immunological tests were performed for blood samples from 30 patients with Wilson's disease and 37 healthy patients. The processed data included conventional statistical analysis and computer programs, consisting of new pattern recognition methods - method of statistically weighted syndromes and that of detecting the informative conjunctions. In Wilson's disease group the significant alterations of parameters were determined: the decrease of T lymphocytes amount and CD4/CD8 ratio; the increase of circulating immune complexes and IgM levels; and B lymphocytes and NK amount. The methods of pattern recognition allowed to generate the rule to discriminate the cases from Wilson's disease and control groups with 87% effectiveness. The most frequently observed combinations of the altered parameters' values were revealed, and then the subgroups of Wilson's disease cases were considered. They were characterised by activation of the humoral immunity and/or depression of the cellular one. The heterogeneity of the immunity modifications may be the reflection of both genetic polymorphism and stages of the immunity violation. Some essential features of the immune status of patients with Wilson's disease are discussed.
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PMID:Logical and Statistical Approach for the Analysis of Immunological Parameters in Patients with Wilson's Disease. 1268 97

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between avoidant and intrusive ideation about cancer risk and immune responses among women with mild cervical dysplasia. Participants were 54 women undergoing diagnostic follow-up (i.e. colposcopy) for an abnormal Pap smear test result. Baseline assessments, collected prior to the colposcopy appointment, included demographic and medical history, levels of depression, and the intrusion and avoidance subscales of the Revised Impact of Events Scale. In addition, a sample of blood was obtained at baseline and 6-month follow-up for immune assessments. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that higher levels of cognitive and behavioral avoidance at baseline predicted a significantly lower percentage of circulating cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (CD3(+)/CD8(+)) at 6-month follow-up, after controlling for baseline levels of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells and potential confounding variables (e.g. age, smoking status). Baseline intrusive ideation was unrelated to changes in percentage of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Avoidant ideation, but not intrusive ideation or depression, appears to be associated with alterations in immunologic measures in women with cervical lesions. The findings suggest that it may be important to evaluate the impact of cognitive and behavioral avoidance on progression of precancerous cervical lesions.
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PMID:The effects of avoidance on cytotoxic/suppressor T cells in women with cervical lesions. 1292 99

Preliminary evidence shows that ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (E-EPA) has a marked clinical effect when used as an adjunct in therapy-refractory depression. EPA belongs to the class of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. The mechanism of its action in depression is not fully understood. There are two related fields where the pathophysiology of refractory depression meets the effect of EPA. First, a general immunosuppressive effect of EPA meets a general immunoactivation in severe depression, especially an increase in CD4/CD8 ratio, neutrophilia, and an increase in interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-12 and of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Secondly, a resistance to dexamethasone (Dex) suppression of the HPA axis meets the effects of EPA on multidrug resistance reversing and HPA axis suppression. The effects of EPA on the immune system, the HPA axis, and multidrug resistance are connected through the action of a transport protein called p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Physiological and synthetic steroids such as cortisol and Dex are substrates of p-gp, and so Dex resistance in depression may be related to dysfunction of this protein. In addition, expression of p-gp is induced by PGE2, and EPA inhibits the synthesis of PGE2. The reversal of drug resistance by EPA may be mediated via this immunological mechanism and lead to its antidepressive efficacy. In addition, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, which have special efficacy in severe depression, decrease p-gp function. EPA may, furthermore, enhance the action of antidepressants, like many SSRIs that are p-gp substrates, which are actively transported out of the intracerebral space at the level of the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate and dexamethasone resistance in therapy-refractory depression. 1500 46

Total lymphocyte counts, CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were measured in 30 anti-retroviral-naive HIV-seropositive patients upon hospital admission for acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and again 1 month after resolution of infection. There was a significant depression of the total lymphocyte count (p < 0.005) and CD4 T-lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) in the acute stage of CAP caused by S. pneumoniae, with a subsequent increase in 90% (27/30) of cases after resolution of the infection. There was no significant difference in the CD4/CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio on admission compared with 1 month later (p 0.9).
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PMID:CD4 T-lymphocyte subset counts in HIV-seropositive patients during the course of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1519 93

Although depression and immune changes in elderly subjects constitute a considerable health risk, mechanisms underlying the association between depression and immune function are unclear. The question of whether personality and social support can explain the variation in immune function during depression was addressed in 21 elderly depressive and 23 control subjects. The following variables were studied: neuroticism, extraversion, received social support, depression-related immune parameters [i.e. numbers of lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD8+, natural killer-like T cells (NKT), CD4/CD8 ratio, and interleukin-6 (Il-6)]. We found that neuroticism reduced the association between depression and Il-6 (from 62 to 22.4%) and between depression and CD3+ (from 27.6 to 21.6%), and was also directly related to Il-6 (i.e. adjusted for age and depression). Social support reduced the association between depression and NKT cells from 25 to 18%, while it was also directly related to NKT cells. Extraversion, adjusted for age and depression, was negatively related to CD4/CD8 ratio. Subjects with high extraversion and high social support had more NKT cells. We concluded that changes in immune function during depression can partly be explained by neuroticism and received social support, whereas immune function is also directly related to these psychosocial variables. Neuroticism may exert its contribution to the risk for depression partly via Il-6 production.
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PMID:Potential psychosocial mechanisms linking depression to immune function in elderly subjects. 1529 23

The capacity of an early environmental intervention to normalize the behavioural and immunological dysfunctions produced by a stressed pregnancy was investigated. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats underwent three 45-min sessions per day of prenatal restraint stress (PS) on gestation days 11-21, and their offspring were assigned to either an enriched-environment or standard living cages throughout adolescence [postnatal days (pnd) 22-43]. Juvenile rats from stressed pregnancies had a prominent depression of affiliative/playful behaviour and of basal circulating CD4 T lymphocytes, CD8 T lymphocytes and T4/T8 ratio. They also showed increased emotionality and spleen and brain frontal cortex levels of pro-inflammatory interleoukin-1beta (IL-1beta) cytokine. A more marked response to cyclophosphamide (CPA: two 2 mg/kg IP injections) induced immunosuppression was also found in prenatal stressed rats. Enriched housing increased the amount of time adolescent PS rats spent in positive species-typical behaviours (i.e. play behaviour), reduced emotionality and reverted most of immunological alterations. In addition to its effects in PS rats, enriched housing increased anti-inflammatory IL-2 and reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1beta production by activated splenocytes, also producing a marked alleviation of CPA-induced immune depression. In the brain, enriched housing increased IL-1beta values in hypothalamus, while slightly normalizing these values in the frontal cortex from PS rats. This is a first indication that an environmental intervention, such as enriched housing, during adolescence can beneficially affect basal immune parameters and rats response to both early stress and drug-induced immunosuppression.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of enriched environment on adolescent rats from stressed pregnancies. 1535 33

Sepsis is associated with depression of T cell-dependent immune reactivity with proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, playing an important role. Recent investigations describe an association between these immunological alterations and disturbances of the endocrine system, related most frequently to sex steroid hormones. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), one of the most abundant adrenal sex steroid precursors, seems to have a protective immunological effect towards septic insults. In this study, both the role of TNF-receptor I (RI) and possible interactions in the protective role of DHEA were investigated in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in a murine model. The effects of DHEA on survival, clinical parameters and cellular immunity (T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells) were investigated. CLP was performed in genetically modified TNF-RI knock-out (TNF-RI(-/-)) and genetically unmodified (wild-type, WT) mice. DHEA application was associated with a decrease in the mortality rate in WT animals. A mortality rate of 91.7% was observed in TNF-RI(-/-) mice after CLP. This mortality rate was reduced to 37.5% by the application of DHEA. In sham-operated TNF-RI(-/-) animals, a significantly higher proportion of NK cells within the lymphocyte population was measured compared with the corresponding WT group. After CLP, a significant increase in the percentage cell count of NK cells was recorded in WT mice. Overall, following DHEA application in WT mice, an alteration in the cellular immune response was characterized by a reduction in the percentage counts of CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK cells. In the group of TNF-RI(-/-) mice treated with DHEA, no increase in the percentage cell count of NK cells was observed after CLP. No data for cell analysis were available from the CLP-TNF-RI(-/-) mice treated with saline, due to the high mortality rate in these animals. DHEA reduces the complications of sepsis in a TNF-RI-independent manner. Our study suggests that NK cells are involved in the protective mechanism of DHEA in WT mice. It would therefore seem that DHEA represents a feasible alternative therapy for the dysregulated immune system in sepsis.
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PMID:Are alterations of lymphocyte subpopulations in polymicrobial sepsis and DHEA treatment mediated by the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptor (TNF-RI)? A study in TNF-RI (TNF-RI(-/-)) knock-out rodents. 1549 30


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