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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously reported systematic discrepancies between radioreceptor (RRA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements of growth hormone (hGH) in acromegalic patients. Due to limitations in RRA sensitivity, such comparisons could not be made in normal subjects. RRA methodology has now been adapted to allow detection of hGH at normal circulating levels. Since variations in Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++, incubation at 37 C and 4 C, and delayed tracer addition failed to improve assay sensitivity, specimen size was increased to 300 mul and incubation volume to 1.5 ml, while holding the quantity of added receptor constant. Best assay sensitivity, in room temperature incubations in 25 mM Tris for 16 h at pH 7.6 and 10 mM Ca++, was 0.66 +/- 0.30 ng hGH per ml serum. Under these conditions, 200 mug hepatic receptor protein bount 15.8 +/- 0.83% of added 125I-hGH, and 8.72 +/- 0.85% of bound tracer was displaced by 0.25 ng added unlabeled hGH. Nonspecific depression of binding by serum did not impair assay sensitivity with most receptor preparations. The basal hGH measured by RIA (antiserum 68-416) in a group of normal short children was 1.97 ng/ml, similar to the RRA result, 1.89 ng/ml (P = NS). Comparative measurements were also made in selected samples of sufficient volume during the 1 1/2 h following administration of hGH secretagogues (insulin, arginine, L-dopa). In these samples, the RIA value was 9.34 +/- 0.68 and the RRA value 6.29 +/- 0.62 ng/ml (P less than 0.01); the RIA/RRA was 1.77 +/- 0.18. Thus, no significant measurement discrepancy was found in basal samples from normal subjects, in contrast to previous findings in acromegalics. The appearance of such a discrepancy within 90 min after stimulation of hGH might be due to RIA/RRA discordance in secreted molecular subspecies, or might arise from peripheral hGH metabolism.
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PMID:Radioreceptor-inactive growth hormone associated with stimulated secretion in normal subjects. 16 86

The authors present the results from the study of the cellular immunoreactivity of immunocompetent lymphoid cells in 23 patients with gastric carcinoma and 30 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach, by applying the test for the confirmation of rosette-forming T-lymphocytes, according to the method of Bach and Lay. A significantly decreased number of T-lymphocytes was found both in case of ulcer disease of the stomach and gastric carcinoma. Best manifested is the depression of the cellular immunoreactivity in gastric carcinoma and it corresponds to the degree of the generalization of the process.
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PMID:[Spontaneous rosette test in peptic ulcer of the stomach and stomach cancer]. 31 Jun 2

The prognostic significance of signs and symptoms taken individually rather than in diagnostic clusters was investigated in 61 schizophrenic patients seen at 5-year follow-up in the Washington Center of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Best and worst outcome patients (Ns = 20) were selected on the basis of total outcome score from a reliable 9-item schedule; 21 middle-outcome patients were excluded. Data from these two groups were analyzed to determine which signs and symptoms assessed 5 years previously were associated with outcome. Only restricted affect predicted poor outcome: depression, anxiety, and nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia were not significant predictors. The findings are discussed within the conceptual framework of productive and defect symptoms.
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PMID:Signs and symptoms as predictors of outcome: a report from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. 66 38

The monkey mother-infant separation paradigm is one of the best available animal models of grief and loss related depression. Because of the evidence implicating a relationship between disturbances in circadian rhythms and affective behavioral disorders, we studied circadian rhythms of temperature and heart rate in 10 group living infant pigtailed (M. nemestrina) monkeys during the affective behavioral reaction which accompanied 10 days separation from the mother. Best fit (least-squares method) cosine curves were computed for a total of 176 24-h periods for heart rate (HR) and 139 24-h periods for body temperature (BT), providing estimates of the fitted cosine level (approximating the mean value of the data), amplitude (half the value from the peak to the trough as the fitted cosine), and acrophase (time of fitted cosine peak). Significant decreases in cosine level, and delay in acrophase of 1-1.5 h, were found for both body temperature and heart rate during separation. Following reunion with the mother the acrophase occurred progressively later on subsequent days, suggesting possible free running rhythms. These data, in addition to reinforcing the relationship between circadian rhythm regulation and affective behavior, demonstrate that circadian phase shifts can be precipitated by disruption of an attachment bond without changing other circadian synchronizers, and support the view that disturbances in the regulation of circadian systems are one component of the reaction to loss or separation.
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PMID:Circadian rhythm changes following maternal separation. 689 Apr 36

The symptomatology of the premenstrual syndrome is frequently seen in general and gynecological practice. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutical effect of dydrogesterone (Duphaston) on the typical premenstrual complaints as depression, headache, edema, mastodynia, dysmenorrhea and bleeding irregularities. Oral administration of 20 mg dydrogesterone b.i.d. during the second half of the menstrual cycle could well relieve the complaints mentioned above. Best results of treatment were obtained in cases of dysmenorrhea, bleeding irregularities, depression and edema. In our patients mastodynia was not influenced by dydrogesterone-therapy. As shown by basal body temperature and progesterone in plasma the menstrual cycles remained ovulatory under therapy. The treatment with dydrogesterone was tolerated well in general, blood pressure and body weight were not altered significantly. The majority of patients wished to continue the treatment beyond the period of this study.
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PMID:[Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome with a retroprogesterone (Duphaston)]. 718 74

As part of a safety-assessment study, doses of 8, 40, and 200 mg/kg per day, 6 days per week, of sodium olpadronate (dimethyl-APD, Me2-APD) were given by gavage to 10-week-old male and female rats during 27 weeks. Only the 200 mg/kg per day dose provoked toxic effects and a meaningful growth depression, regardless of the animal gender. In male animals, doses of 40 or 200 mg/kg per day improved strength, stiffness, and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) of femur diaphyses despite the toxic effects observed at the highest dose. Changes in bone mechanical properties were a consequence of those induced in CSMI. Regression analyses showed a treatment-induced improvement in bone modeling (as assessed by CSMI) for the same level of bone material stiffness (as expressed by calculated values of elastic modulus). The high dependency of results on body mass bearing suggested that these effects were exerted through an increase in the efficiency of bone mechanostat. Strikingly, they were not evident in female rats. If not related to a lower bone bioavailability of bisphosphonates in female rats as described by others, this phenomenon may have reflected: (1) their a smaller biomass; and/or (2) a less effective mechanostatic regulation of bone architecture derived from a higher bone material stiffness related to male animals. An increase of BMD with a predominance toward the distal region was observed in all femurs studied. This effect, unrelated to the observed changes in mechanical properties, seems to express a lack of remodeling of primary cartilage or bone tissue.
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PMID:Effects of large doses of olpadronate (dimethyl-pamidronate) on mineral density, cross-sectional architecture, and mechanical properties of rat femurs. 762 16

Miscarriage, although a common event in pregnancy, has been frequently overlooked in psychological research. This paper reviews the literature on the psychological sequelae of miscarriage, including the shortcomings of that literature. Best understood against the background of psychological changes in early pregnancy, the literature reveals aspects of grief specific to miscarriage. Important components of this grief comprise high levels of guilt, the loss of part of the self and a large impact upon personal identity. The psychological sequelae impact upon other family members, including partners and surviving children. Psychiatric consequences include depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Given the potentially serious nature of these sequelae, it behooves the psychiatrist to inquire routinely about pregnancy loss in all female patients.
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PMID:The psychological sequelae of miscarriage: a critical review of the literature. 872 27

We studied 23 DMD and eight BMD patients using cardiac echo, 24 h ECG and positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracers N-13 ammonia and F-18 fluorine deoxyglucose. The ECG was abnormal in 23 cases with alterations in the PR and/or QT intervals, abnormal Q waves in the lateral leads and ST segment depression. Twenty-four hour ECG showed that patients were more likely to produce premature ventricular ectopic beats with advancing age and 17 patients had paroxysmal ST segment depression. LV function was normal or mildly reduced in 24 cardiac echoes. PET studies were visibly abnormal in 15 patients. Regional perfusion defects involving the apex, lateral or anterior left ventricular walls were present, nine cases demonstrated a corresponding increase in glucose metabolism. Three out of 15 demonstrated matched perfusion/metabolism defects. One BMD had severe LV dilation with globally poor perfusion and metabolism. The abnormalities seen with PET were confirmed with both quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of radioactive counts. Similar results were obtained for both DMD and BMD, where both groups demonstrated significant regional perfusion/metabolism mismatches. We have shown a reduced uptake of N-13 ammonia which is indicative of a reduction in myocardial perfusion. The use of N-13 ammonia to measure perfusion has been validated in animal studies. PET with either N-13 ammonia- or oxygen labelled water can be used to measure myocardial perfusion. We chose N-13 ammonia as this was most readily available to us.
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PMID:Cardiac function, metabolism and perfusion in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. 888 52

Many studies document bone loss at diagnosis in patients with PHPT (including mild PHPT) that is greater than would be expected in comparable persons without this condition. However, there is no general agreement regarding the severity of bone mass loss in these patients and the rate at which it progresses. A few studies suggest that such accelerated osteoporosis may be self-limited, with patients showing no further decline in BMD after diagnosis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that PTH-related bone loss is associated with an increased risk of fracture. The few studies that have evaluated the risk of fracture in these patients are conflicting. Some evidence also suggest that, like bone loss in these patients, fracture risk may change during the course of the disease. One study found that patients with PHPT (including those with mild hypercalcemia) were more likely than matched controls to have a history of fractures prior to diagnosis, but that both groups had similar rates of fractures during followup. Moreover, the studies of fractures suffer from several limitations, such as nonrandomization of patients, different definitions of vertebral fractures, small study populations, and short followup times. There is also insufficient evidence to determine the effect of parathyroidectomy on the incidence of fractures in patients with mild PHPT, partly because the natural history of this condition is incompletely understood. Although studies demonstrate that patients with PHPT gain bone mass following parathyroidectomy, the bone reparation is incomplete and bone mass density remains below normal, even though the hyperparathyroidism is cured. Currently, decisions to perform parathyroidectomy are based on signs and symptoms of bone disease, metabolically active renal stones, decreased renal function, fatigue and/or depression, and high levels of serum calcium. Although the use of bone mass measurements has been advocated to aid clinical decisions regarding the risks and benefits of surgery, specific bone changes that indicate the need for parathyroidectomy have not been clearly established. There are virtually no prospective data that evaluate decisions to operate based upon bone mass measurements nor randomized clinical trials comparing the outcome of surgically treated patients with those who have not had surgery. Based on the literature, bone mass measurements cannot predict who among asymptomatic patients will require parathyroidectomy. There is some evidence that nonsurgically treated patients and those who remained hypercalcemic after unsuccessful surgery lost bone at the same percentage rate as normal control subjects.
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PMID:Bone densitometry: patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism part I. Technical report. 893 32

There are four primary factors to consider in genetic selection strategies: 1) accuracy of selection, 2) selection intensity, 3) effective population size, and 4) mating system. Current theory indicates that optimum response to selection is achieved by maximizing the first three factors and using a mating systems that allows optimization of reproductive characteristics in dam lines and production characteristics in sire lines. However, with limited resources, compromises among the first three factors are needed. Simulations are useful for examining those compromises. Unrealistic simplifying assumptions are necessary for analytic theoretical results and thus do not address real world breeding problems. Using simulations, the relationship between selection accuracy, which is increased by use of family selection indices or Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), and response to selection was examined. Results show that those procedures place a great restriction on effective population size, which offsets most of their advantage, i.e., there is too little emphasis on effective population size. A revision of the methodology and a reappraisal of the results of selection theory for optimization of genetic response is required. Another relationship that is of fundamental importance in breeding programs is that between selection intensity and effective population size. Analytical results for the additive case have been developed but have never been extended to heterotic traits. A gene level simulation program was developed to examine that relationship. Results show that the optimal selection strategy depends on the trait being selected. For additive traits and in the short term (20 generations), one should maximize selection intensity. For heterotic traits, an intermediate proportion (25% of each sex) gives optimal response. In all breeding strategies, primary attention must be given to the rate of inbreeding, which is increased by increasing either accuracy of selection or selection intensity. Inbreeding reduces response to selection in two ways. First, for both additive and nonadditive traits, inbreeding is a measure of the amount of random genetic drift that has occurred. Genetic drift causes loss of favorable alleles. Once lost, those alleles can never be recovered and thus genetic drift lowers the selection limit. Second, for heterotic traits, inbreeding results in a depression of the mean caused by directional dominance.
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PMID:Genetic selection strategies: computer modeling. 925 Nov 30


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