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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study developed a Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI) description of the narcissistic personality in a nonclinical population. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the MMPI were administered to two samples of 57 and 173 subjects. A correlational analysis produced a cross-validated positive relationship between narcissism and MMPI mania (Ma) and cross-validated negative relationships between narcissism and MMPI depression (D), psychasthenia (Pt), social introversion (Si), anxiety (A), repression (R), and ego control (Ec). A correlational analysis of the 7-factor components of the NPI (Authority, Exhibitionism, Superiority, Vanity, Exploitativeness, Entitlement, and Self-Sufficiency) and the MMPI validity, clinical, commonly scored, and content scales suggests that the seven NPI components reflect different levels of psychological maladjustment. Narcissistic Entitlement and Exploitativeness reflect the most maladjustment, whereas narcissistic Authority reflects the least maladjustment. In addition, a profile analysis of the high NPI scorers suggest that a 98/89 MMPI profile with an elevated F score is most representative of the narcissistic personality in nonclinical samples.
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PMID:An MMPI description of the narcissistic personality. 291 59

One hundred twenty-nine patients who were treated by lumbar laminectomy for discogenic disease were evaluated preoperation by means of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). At follow-up evaluation, there were 71% good, 18% fair, and 11% poor surgical results. Patients with fair or poor outcomes scored significantly higher in the hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, and psychasthenia scales in preoperative MMPI testing. These patients also showed significant differences on the MCMI asocial, gregarious, and neurotic depression scales. The MMPI profiles had a higher correlation with successful treatment than did those of the MCMI. The MMPI can help identify patients whose pain syndrome has a significant psychosocial component, and it can easily be used by orthopedic surgeons to facilitate referral and treatment planning.
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PMID:A comparison of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory as predictors of successful treatment by lumbar laminectomy. 293 95

The unmistakable symptoms of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome are classically of muscular spasms or tics, often accompanied by uncontrolled verbal outbursts or shouting of obscenities. Anecdotal as well as clinical reports suggest that these patients also suffer some psychological distress. This study used traditional MMPI scales to evaluate the psychopathological features that may underlie or accompany this disorder. In addition, we analyzed individual items of the MMPI to learn more of the phenomenology of this disorder. Data were collected from 29 Tourette patients and 29 normal controls matched for age and sex. A multivariate analysis of the clinical MMPI scales revealed group differences in score profiles. Univariate analyses indicated that Tourette subjects scored higher on the following scales: Schizophrenia, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia and Hypochondriasis. The results indicate that Tourette patients are in considerable psychological distress.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. 345 22

We used transcutaneous electrotherapy to treat 27 patients with persistent tinnitus. Each patient was tested with the short form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Index test (MMPI) prior to the commencement of treatment. The "unimproved" group of patients (n = 15) showed higher pretreatment scores for depression (P less than 0.05), psychasthenia (P less than 0.05) and schizophrenia (P less than 0.02). Our findings indicate that patients having significantly pathological scores on at least one of these three scales will fail to benefit from treatment. These findings also show that there appear to be psychological prognostic factors that can be used to evaluate patients receiving transcutaneous electrotherapy for persistent tinnitus.
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PMID:Psychological factors affecting outcome of treatment after transcutaneous electrotherapy for persistent tinnitus. 349 23

A study of 402 individuals with marginal arterial hypertension (MAH) and patients with essential hypertension (EH), stages 1, 2 and 3, demonstrated a variety of psychopathologic syndromes (hypochondria, anxiety, hysteria, depression, cardiophobia) in 52.8, 77.3, 82.5 and 80%, respectively. Specific personality features have been identified as pertaining to MAH (hyperthymism, sthenism, demonstrativeness, psychasthenia) and EH (psychasthenia, intraversion, cycloidy).
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PMID:[Personality traits of persons with borderline arterial hypertension and patients with essential hypertension]. 356 Jun 35

In a sample of 78 female alcohol and drug addicts, 24.4% marked True the Item 31 ("I have nightmares every few nights") of the MMPI. The proportion is significantly higher than in normative MMPI data of normal US Midwest women published by Coligan: only 8.2% of the latter marked the item True. The female alcohol and drug addicts who marked the item True differed from those responding with False by higher scores on Schizophrenia, Psychasthenia, Paranoia, Anxiety, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Social Introversion scales and by lower scores on Ego Strength scale. Nightmare sufferers consistently scored in a more pathological direction.
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PMID:MMPI and nightmare reports in women addicted to alcohol and other drugs. 372 11

One hundred six patients with disc herniation who underwent lumbar laminectomy and discectomy and 51 patients with spinal stenosis who underwent decompressive lumbar laminectomy were evaluated for surgical outcome at least 1 year postoperatively (mean: 18 months). All had completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as part of the preoperative evaluation. The Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), Hysteria (Hy), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Schizophrenia (Sc) scales were found to be predictive of surgical outcome in the herniation group. However, no MMPI scale was related to outcome in the stenosis group. Analysis of covariance showed this fact to be related to the differences in age between the two groups of patients, rather than a result of the differing diagnoses. The MMPI appears to be more useful in predicting surgical outcome in the young and middle-aged adult patient population with disc herniation and is not of predictive utility in the older stenosis population.
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PMID:The differential utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. A predictor of outcome in lumbar laminectomy for disc herniation versus spinal stenosis. 381 Mar 3

This study was designed to systematically investigate personality, psychophysiological, and cognitive appraisal variables in three groups of mothers, i.e., abusive (N = 14), neglectful (N = 13), and low-income control (N = 15). All subjects completed a Mini-Mult, the Repression-Sensitization Scale, the Group Embedded Figures Test, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, and the Socialization scale of the California Psychological Inventory. They listened to an audiotape sequence of white noise, tone, and infant's cry sounds while cardiovascular and skin resistance measures were recorded. The mothers also rated six dimensions of the infant's cry on a semantic differential. The three groups of mothers differed on a variety of personality variables, e.g., on F, Depression (D), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Schizophrenia (Sc) from the Mini-Mult, on their cognitive appraisal of the infant's cry, and on skin resistance measures. A combination of personality, psychophysiological, and cry rating variables was entered in a discriminant analysis that was successful in discriminating 80% of the subjects. The two significant discriminant functions were defined primarily by the Pd scale and a cognitive appraisal measure.
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PMID:Personality and psychophysiological variables in abusive, neglectful, and low-income control mothers. 389 81

Differences between primary and secondary depression have been studied from different viewpoints. This study aimed at determining a possible difference in terms of personality factors and psychodynamic variables. Two psychological tests (the MMPI and the Gottschalk-Gleser) were administered to 32 depressed inpatients, diagnosed according to Feighner criteria. A statistically significant difference was found only for the Psychasthenia scale on the MMPI. However a discriminant analysis using the MMPI results yielded approximately 80% correct classification. The Gottschalk-Gleser test did not provide any significant difference.
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PMID:Primary versus secondary depression. A psychometric approach. Preliminary results. 405 Apr 97

When a gas mixture containing CO2 is breathed by a healthy subject, alveolar ventilation is increased. The ratio delta ventilation/delta PCO2 has been termed the ventilatory response to CO2 (S). Since the development of a rebreathing method in 1967, it has proved easy to measure this index of the regulation of ventilation. This index, although showing considerable interindividual variation (range, 0.5-9 liters/min/mm PCO2), tends to be consistent over time for any given individual. Positive correlations between S and personality traits such as anxiety, extroversion, and aggression and negative correlations between S and certain scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI: depression, psychopathology, psychasthenia, and social introversion) have been found in previous studies. It was hypothesized that S may be a psychobiologic marker of the respiratory system. A project in which 82 normal subjects (50 male, 32 female) were studied with both psychologic (Eysenck Personality Inventory, Catell 16PF, and 168-item MMPI) and rebreathing tests was undertaken to investigate this possibility further. A strong correlation between S and neurotic personality traits was found, but this correlation appeared valid only in female subjects.
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PMID:Ventilatory response to CO2. I. A psychobiologic marker of the respiratory system. 643 48


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