Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of infection with low-virulence, tissue culture-propagated strains of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) on protective vaccinal immunity against Marek's disease (MD) lymphomas was investigated. Vaccinated chickens inoculated at hatching with greater than 10(4) focus-forming units of REV and challenged with MD virus were poorly protected against MD lesion development as indicated by protective indices of 53 to 79% for strain CS (P less than 0.05) and 42 to 49% for strain T (P less than 0.01) compared to 78 to 100% for REV-free controls. Furthermore, the response of blood lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation and the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and Brucella abortus were less in REV-inoculated chickens than in controls. The REV-induced depression of immune responses was more severe in chickens infected with mildly pathogenic strain T than in chickens infected with the apathogenic strain CS and was generally transient with both virus strains. Little or no depression of immune responses was observed in chickens inoculated with less than 10(3) focus-forming units of REV. These studies extend knowledge on the immunodepressive ability of low-virulence REV strains and establish that infection with these viruses depresses certain parameters of MD vaccinal immunity, an important model for cellular immunity against virus-induced neoplasia in the chicken.
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PMID:Depression of vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease by infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus. 22

Chronic protein-deficiency in weanling mice caused variable suppression of the humoral plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes. This was most prominent at high antigen doses and did not increase when mice were maintained on the diets for longer periods. Antibody responses produced by deficient mice were often short-lived and involved high levels of IgM. Total PFC counts were depressed slightly more than were circulating antibodies. Antibody responses to Brucella abortus were slightly decreased by protein-deficiency at high antigen doses but were normal or elevated at lower doses, the proportion of IgM produced was increased and the splenomegaly response to B. abortus was severely depressed. These results suggest that the depression of antibody production by protein-deficiency is not simply due to an impairment of helper T cell function, but a reduction in the availability or effectiveness of macrophage and regulatory or suppressor T cells may be important.
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PMID:Factors determining the effects of chronic protein-deficiency on antibody responses to sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus vaccine in mice. 40 85

Two experiments were conducted to study the difference in humoral immune responses between lines of chickens selected for high (H) or low (L) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Prior to i.v. immunization with SRBC or Brucella abortus (BA), chicks of both lines were injected with either 2, 3 or 4 ml carbon suspension (59 mg carbon/ml) per kg body weight; controls were not injected. In both the H and L line, a higher dose of carbon showed a more progressive depression of the total antibody titer to SRBC during the initial stage of the primary response. The 2ME-resistant antibody titers to SRBC showed the same tendency during the latter phase of the primary response. However, chicks treated with 3 ml carbon had lower 2ME-resistant antibody titers than any other group. Following i.m. reimmunization with SRBC, the previous treatment with carbon doses enhanced total antibody titers throughout the secondary response, when compared to the controls. The 3 ml carbon-treated chicks had the highest total anti-SRBC titers in the secondary response. The secondary 2ME-resistant anti-SRBC titers were not affected by the carbon doses. Carbon treatment did not affect the antibody titers to BA. No differences between the H and L line were found in the effects of carbon on the humoral immune responses to SRBC or BA.
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PMID:Interference with the humoral immune response in diverse genetic lines of chickens. II. The effect of colloidal carbon. 251 49

Specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated with isolate VA (variant A) or isolate IM of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were examined for mitogenic response to T-cell mitogens, primary and secondary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and Brucella abortus, and gross and histologic lesions in thymus and bursa. Both isolates induced comparable depression in the mitogenic and antibody response, and both caused extensive gross and histologic lesions in the bursa of Fabricius. However, bursal necrosis induced by the IM isolate was accompanied by an inflammatory response, whereas the inflammatory component was lacking in the lesion induced by the VA isolate. Furthermore, the IM isolate induced extensive lesions in the thymus, but the VA isolate did not.
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PMID:Comparative pathogenesis of serotype 1 and variant serotype 1 isolates of infectious bursal disease virus and their effect on humoral and cellular immune competence of specific-pathogen-free chickens. 253 70

Broiler chickens infected at 3 weeks of age with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were given Brucella abortus (BA) or sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigens before, during, and after the acute phase of the infection. Gland of Harder (GH) extracts and serum samples were used to assay local and systemic antibody titer to each antigen 7 days after antigen was administered. Antibody titers to both BA and SRBC antigens were lower (P less than 0.05) in GH extracts and serum of IBDV-infected broilers than uninfected controls. The responses to BA, a thymus-independent antigen, took longer to become depressed than the responses to SRBC, a thymus-dependent antigen. The depression of antibody titers following IBDV inoculation suggests compromise of both local and systemic immune function, a finding of importance to the broiler industry.
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PMID:The effect of infectious bursal disease virus infection on local and systemic antibody responses following infection of 3-week-old broiler chickens. 284 1

Rabbits fed trinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (TNP-BSA) generated fewer anti-TNP plaque-forming cells but greater numbers of hapten (TNP)-augmentable IgM and IgG PFC following immunization with TNP-Ficoll or TNP-Brucella abortus than did animals not previously fed antigen. Spleen and mesenteric and bronchial lymph nodes were similarly affected. In addition more auto-anti-idiotype (Id) antibody (anti-anti-TNP) was eluted by hapten from spleen cells of antigen-fed rabbits than from spleen cells of control rabbits not prefed antigen. Gel filtration studies ruled out the possibility that the Id binding activity in the eluates was due to immune complexes. The isotype of the anti-Id was IgG except in one rabbit where it was IgM. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the production of auto-anti-Id antibody is one of the factors responsible for the specific depression of the IgM and IgG immune responses which follows antigen feeding. In contrast the antigen feeding resulted in priming for an IgA anti-TNP response without detectable hapten-augmentable IgA PFC.
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PMID:Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response. XII. Enhanced auto-anti-idiotypic antibody production as a mechanism for apparent B-cell tolerance in rabbits after feeding antigen. 309 Dec 66

The influence of an X chromosome-linked immune deficiency gene (xid) on several properties of the anti-azophenylarsonate (Ar) antibody responses of (CBA/N x A/J)F1 (NAF1) mice was examined. With respect to response magnitude, it was found that male, xid-expressing NAF1 mice showed about 1/3 the concentration of serum anti-Ar antibody as normal female NAF1 mice in hyperimmune responses to Brucella abortus (BA)-Ar. In responses induced by keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-Ar, males showed responses of about 1/8 to 1/2 the female levels, depending on the assay time point. The kinetics of the latter response were identical in mice of the two sexes. No significant difference could be detected in the time-dependent avidity maturation of the anti-Ar antibody elicited by KLH-Ar in xid vs. normal mice. The isotype profile of the day 38 anti-Ar primary response elicited by KLH-Ar in male NAF1 mice differed from that of the female mice in two ways: IgG2a levels were depressed, and a significantly lower number of the male mice demonstrated detectable IgG3 anti-Ar antibody production. The primary focus of htis work was to determine the effect of xid on the expression of the major cross-reactive idiotype--CRIA--of A strain mice. It was found that while a significant higher proportion of the female mice could be classified as high CRIA producers in responses to BA-Ar, no difference could be demonstrated if the inducing antigen was KLH-Ar. It is proposed that the difference observed with the two antigens may be due to the more selective activation by KLH-Ar of a small subset of high affinity Ar-specific clones--which may be enriched for CRIA + precursors--in both normal and immune defective mice. In contrast, BA-Ar may 'sample' more of the total anti-Ar repertoire and thus reveal within it an xid-determined depression in the proportion of CRIA + clones. Finally, it is noted that the influence of xid appears to be largely of a stochastic, and not an absolute character.
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PMID:Influence of xid on anti-azophenylarsonate (Ar) antibody responses of (CBA/N x A/J)F1 mice: differential idiotype expression induced by only one of two Ar antigens. 310 63

Baker, Phillip J. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and J. B. Wilson. Hypoferremia in mice and its application to the bioassay of endotoxin. J. Bacteriol. 90:903-910. 1965.-The ability of endotoxin to induce hypoferremia in mice was used for the bioassay of endotoxin. A marked depression in the serum-iron levels of mice occurred 12 hr after the intraperitoneal injection of 0.01 to 100 mug of Escherichia coli endotoxin; similar results were obtained with 1.0 to 100 mug of Brucella abortus endotoxin. This biological response to endotoxin appeared to be specific, reproducible, and dose-dependent. As heat-killed cells of B. abortus and E. coli were also able to induce hypoferremia, this bioassay could be employed for the determination of the endotoxin content of killed-cell preparations. Treatment of endotoxin by acid hydrolysis, acetylation, or pyridine-formic acid greatly diminished the hypoferremic response as well as its lethality for mice. Pretreatment of mice with Thorotrast had little effect upon the ability of endotoxin to induce hypoferremia; however, a stimulation of the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) by treatment of mice with triolein markedly reduced the ability of endotoxin to induce hypoferremia. The relationship between the hypoferremic response to endotoxin and alterations in the activity of the RES are discussed.
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PMID:Hypoferremia in mice and its application to the bioassay of endotoxin. 495 19

The depression of response of Brucella abortus strain 19 caused by an infectious bursal disease vaccine virus given to chicks at one day old was shown to persist for four weeks. Histological examination of the bursa of Fabricius showed a gradual repopulation by bursal lymphocytes, after initial damage, concomitant with the development of a humoral response.
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PMID:Duration of immunosuppression caused by a vaccine strain of infectious bursal disease virus. 628 14

Cattle were vaccinated with Brucella abortus (S19) vaccine during acute (25 days) and chronic (25 weeks) Trypanosoma congolense and chronic Trypanosoma vivax (25 weeks) infections in order to determine the effect of such infections on the antibody response to the vaccine. It was found that the specific antibody responses of IgG1 and IgG2 sub-classes were profoundly depressed (80%) in both the acute and chronic infections with T. congolense. Whereas IgM antibody response was also profoundly depressed (90%) in cattle with the acute infection, it was only 50% depressed in those with chronic infection. There was no depression of IgG1, IgG2, or IgM in cattle infected with T. vivax. These animals, however, had no detectable parasitaemia at the time of vaccination and thereafter. These results suggest that during acute infection with T. congolense depressive mechanisms could be acting on the afferent arm of the immune response, namely, antigen recognition and/or processing.
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PMID:Immune depression in bovine trypanosomiasis: effects of acute and chronic Trypanosoma congolense and chronic Trypanosoma vivax infections on antibody response to Brucella abortus vaccine. 640 88


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