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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case histories of four women who developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder following the disclosure of the sexual abuse of their daughters are presented. These individuals also exhibited comorbid symptoms of depression and personality disorders. Awareness of the sexual abuse of their daughters catalyzed a reliving of their own childhood victimization. The psychodynamics operating in these cases, as well as treatment strategies are also presented. A brief follow-up of three of the four cases is included.
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PMID:Incest revisited: delayed post-traumatic stress disorder in mothers following the sexual abuse of their children. 855 45

The validity of two measures assessing degree of stress associated with sexual abuse was examined in a sample of 48 girls who had been sexually abused. The Checklist of Sexual Abuse and Related Stressors (C-SARS) assessed negative life events that were part of or were related to the abuse, and the Negative Appraisals of Sexual Abuse Scale (NASAS) assessed negative cognitive appraisals of threat, harm, or loss associated with the abuse. Total scores for victim reports of both stressful events and negative appraisals were positively and significantly related to two other measures of abuse severity: therapist ratings of abuse stress and the number of types of sexual abuse reported. Stressful event scores were also related to aggressive behavior problems, sexual concerns, and total symptom scores on the Child Behavior Checklist. Negative cognitive appraisal scores were related to victims' self-reports of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and to parents reports of child depression and total symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that there were significant effects of negative appraisals on internalizing symptoms when controlling for the level of stressful events experienced. The results suggest that negative life events and negative appraisals associated with sexual abuse are valid constructs that help account for variability in mental health outcomes among child victims. The implications of these results and future research directions in examining variable outcomes among sexual abuse victims are discussed.
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PMID:Measuring abuse stress and negative cognitive appraisals in child sexual abuse: validity data on two new scales. 860 9

The authors replicated and extended two former studies on Axis I and II comorbidity and childhood trauma histories in 106 patients admitted to a chemical dependency treatment unit. Sixty-nine subjects reported a history of physical and/or sexual abuse during childhood and 26.4% met criteria for posttraumaic stress disorder. Patients who reported a history of childhood abuse showed more symptoms of depression, dissociation, and borderline personality disorder than those who denied childhood trauma. Dissociative disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and histories of childhood trauma appear to be common in chemical dependency subjects, and should be inquired about routinely.
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PMID:Axis I and II comorbidity and childhood trauma history in chemical dependency. 874 71

This study examined the construct validity of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40; Elliot & Briere, 1992) in a sample of 130 female psychiatric inpatients. Consistent with other findings, the TSC-40 displayed criterion-related validity in relation to childhood sexual abuse. Survivors of sexual abuse obtained significantly higher scores than those without such a history on the overall TSC-40 and on each of the six subscales, except the Depression subscale. Convergent validity of three subscales was demonstrated, and divergent validity on the total TSC-40 and each of its subscales was established. Further, among a range of abuse-effects measures, the Sexual Abuse Trauma Index (SATI) subscale was the most powerful predictor of sexual abuse. The SATI and Dissociation subscales were the subscales most sensitive to the specific features of the sexual abuse.
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PMID:The validation of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40) in a sample of inpatients. 880 May 25

Sexual abuse consists of two discrete traumatic elements; the repeated infliction of sexual assault that is superimposed on a chronic background of pathological family interaction, including betrayal, stigmatization, role reversal, and violation of personal boundaries. The acute episodes of sexual assault may be overwhelming to the child and result in anxiety-related symptoms, including PTSD. The long-standing family dysfunction leads to a pathological defensive organization that becomes woven into the victim's personality structure, resulting in long-term characterological changes. As the sexually abused child progresses through adolescence into adulthood, and the immediacy of his or her victimization recedes to the background, the acute posttraumatic anxiety symptoms are gradually replaced by more enduring symptoms and characterological defenses. Traumatic memories of the abuse become repressed or dissociated from consciousness. Identifications, attitudes, and affects derived from the abusive environment are usually organized around victimization experiences, leading to identifications with the aggressor or victim, which contribute to sadomasochistic object relationships and problems with the regulation of sexual behavior. The repressed or dissociated traumatic memories of sexual abuse carry the potential for producing future psychopathology through displacement in the form of conversion symptoms or somatization, and by generating delayed PTSD when these memories are elicited by current experiences. Anxiety and depression triggered by the emergence of these traumatic memories often lead to alcohol and drug abuse. These substances may be used for their anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
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PMID:Comparing child victims and adult survivors: clues to the pathogenesis of child sexual abuse. 880 26

In narratives of 35 lesbians in alcohol recovery, 46% unexpectedly disclosed having survived childhood sexual abuse (CSA), linking it with addiction and recovery experiences. This subgroup described unbounded difficulties that pervaded their lives well into recovery. They reported multiple addictions, self-harm, isolation, sexual problems, depression, self-loathing, physical illness, and inability to work more often than did other participants. Those not reporting CSA were more socially and occupationally stable, self-satisfied, and physically well in recovery; their alcohol problems seemed circumscribed and responsive to conventional intervention. Conclusions indicate that CSA history may foster health risks that complicate alcohol recovery, necessitating more comprehensive clinical attention.
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PMID:Pervasive effects of childhood sexual abuse in lesbians' recovery from alcohol problems. 883 10

Despite a dramatic increase of the empirical literature on child sexual abuse, very few investigations have examined the initial effects of extrafamilial sexual abuse (ESA). The present study evaluated the emotional and behavioral adjustment of 41 children (mean age 10 years, range 5.4 to 15.5 years) within the first 3 months following the disclosure of ESA. Children's functioning was compared to that of a nonclinical comparison group of 43 children, matched on child's age, gender, and family constellation. Child functioning was assessed using a combination of child-report, primary caregiver-report (i.e., parent), and teacher-report measures. Results revealed that sexually abused children, in comparison to nonabused children, suffered deleterious and clinically significant effects. Standard multiple regressions found that the children's perceptions of self-blame and guilt for the abuse and the extent of traumatization predicted their self-reported symptomatology of depression, social efficacy, and general and abuse-related fears. As well, child's gender predicted the level of general fearfulness. None of the other demographic or abuse-related variables were related to children's functioning. These results underscore the need for multidimensional and multisource assessment of children who experience ESA, and point to the clinical importance of addressing the abuse-related attributions of these children.
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PMID:Children's emotional and behavioral reactions following the disclosure of extrafamilial sexual abuse: initial effects. 883 8

In this study, clinical data from 22 obese women who reported a history of sexual abuse were compared to clinical data from 22 obese women who denied a history of sexual abuse. Subjects were matched for body mass index (BMI), sex, and age. All subjects were enrolled in a multidisciplinary outpatient hospital-based very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) weight-management program. Subjects completed a structured clinical interview, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire (WEL). Subjects with a history of sexual abuse lost significantly less weight and reported more episodes of nonadherence. Possible explanations for these findings include both psychiatric distress and low weight self-efficacy. The difference between the groups in self-efficacy was greatest in situations involving negative affect or physical discomfort.
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PMID:History of sexual abuse and obesity treatment outcome. 888 80

The 1990s have brought to public attention thousands of cases that began when a grown-up daughter or son walked into a therapist's office seeking help for depression, low self-esteem, or any of a number of life's problems. Many of these cases grew to involve memories of childhood sexual abuse recovered while in therapy--memories that did not exist, or at least were not remembered, before therapy began. Many of these cases also involved families torn violently apart. What should we make of these new-found memories? Are they true memories that were successfully revived in therapy? Are they false memories that were unwittingly planted? Are they symbolic expressions--historically false but representing some deep underlying truth? Insights from cognitive psychology may shed some light. Much of the litigation that has resulted from the emergence of "repressed memories" has been hazardous to the patients, and their families, as well as to the therapists who treat them.
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PMID:Memory distortion and false memory creation. 888 30

The present study investigated 359 married adult women who sought sex therapy with their spouses. Discriminant function analyses indicated that childhood sexual abuse plus a college education significantly discriminated between women with and without a diagnosed sexual dysfunction. Among abused women, abuse involving sexual penetration significantly discriminated between dysfunctional and nondysfunctional women. Current findings confirm previous theory and research regarding a connection between childhood sexual abuse and adult female dysfunction. Furthermore, the findings suggest that abuse involving sexual penetration is specifically associated with adult sexual dysfunction. Between 75% to 94% of women with a sexual dysfunction could be accurately identified on the basis of prior abuse, but many nondysfunctional women were misclassified. Future research should examine additional variables that may contribute to sexual dysfunction such as levels of anxiety and depression, as well as features of the marital relationship such as marital satisfaction and communication skills.
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PMID:Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of adult female sexual dysfunction: a study of couples seeking sex therapy. 890 93


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