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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychogenic urinary retention is not uncommon. Urodynamic studies demonstrate the absence of organicity allowing us to concentrate and define psychological causes. Sexual abuse is the most frequent but also, depression, hysteria and numerous inhibitory factors of educational origin.
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PMID:[Psychogenic dysuria]. 829 62

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder that causes much personal distress and difficulties in functioning at home and in the workplace. In the workplace, as elsewhere, depression can manifest as a variation in normal mood, as a symptom, as a disorder, or as a disease. Occupational health professionals are more concerned with clinical depression, a term used to signify any type of depression that causes significant personal distress and/or problems in functioning. Clinical depression is manifest in the workplace and adversely affects the employee's work satisfaction and performance. For most types of depression, women are at a higher risk than men. A number of events and variables related to women and depression were reviewed. Although the effects of some of these events, such as menopause, can be manifest in the workplace, they are not associated with an increased incidence of clinical depression. Other events, such as victimization (e.g., childhood sexual abuse or battering by an intimate partner), are associated with higher risks of depression in women. Women derive substantial satisfaction from interpersonal relationships but also are at greater risk for depression when strains and conflicts in these relationships occur. In the workplace women who have no difficulty in arranging for child care and whose spouses share in the care of children show lower rates of depression. When marriages are unhappy, women are three times as likely as men to be depressed. These findings speak to the importance of relationships to women. In the workplace, when women are depressed, problems with relationships are likely to be involved. Clinically depressed women are not difficult to identify in work settings. Dejected mood and loss of interest in usual activities are noticeable, along with numerous other symptoms that accompany depression. The effective treatment of depression depends on careful diagnosis and assessment. Both drug therapy and the more structured psychotherapies, such as cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapy, have demonstrated effectiveness in treating depression. For mild depression, pharmacotherapy is likely to be the treatment of choice. In cases in which the depressive symptomatology is moderate to severe, a combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy is likely to be the most effective treatment and to provide the best prophylaxis. Drug therapy seems particularly effective in promoting rapid reduction of vegetative and physical symptoms. Psychotherapy enhances coping skills at home and at work and also focuses on problem-solving, relationship difficulties, and dealing with stressors. In the area of prevention, occupational health practitioners currently can have the greatest impact in secondary prevention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Depression, women, and the workplace. 830 91

One hundred significantly overweight patients sequentially applying to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) program were interviewed to learn how the onset of obesity correlated with other life events. By comparison with a control group of 100 always-slender adults, the obese applicants were found to be different at a highly significant level in the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse, nonsexual childhood abuse, early parental loss, parental alcoholism, chronic depression, and marital family dysfunction in their own adult lives. The obese patients commonly reported using obesity as a sexually protective device; many reported overeating to cope with emotional distress. Inquiry into depression, past sexual abuse, and past or present dysfunctional family life should be added to the current medical evaluation of all obese patients. The resultant findings are likely to be relevant to their treatment, whether for obesity or for other medical conditions.
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PMID:Childhood sexual abuse, depression, and family dysfunction in adult obese patients: a case control study. 820 85

Thirty-nine girls aged 6 to 12 participated in this study, each having been referred for evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse. The study investigated the prevalence of depression in the sample as well as the relationship of depressive symptoms to severity of abuse and potential mediator variables. The Child Behaviour Checklist and Child Depression Inventory were used to asses the severity of depression. A composite score for severity of abuse was derived from child disclosure and medical findings. Results indicated that 67% of the children could be classified as experiencing symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of depression. Severity of abuse was not significantly correlated with depression intensity scores. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that a high number of stressful life events and low IQ were significant predictors of depression scores. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Relationship of child sexual abuse to depression. 833 Feb 26

A study of irritable bowel-type symptoms in 1264 health examinees using a self-administered questionnaire and psychological tests revealed they are common throughout adulthood. Of affected subjects 68% were female, and those with the more severe type (> or = 3 Manning criteria) were predominantly female (80%). Fewer Asians than other racial/ethnic groups had these symptoms. Nongastrointestinal symptoms, physician visits, incontinence, laxative use, a stress effect on bowel pattern and abdominal pain, abdominal surgery, hysterectomy, childhood abuse, use of mind-altering drugs, depression, and anxiety were correlated with irritable bowel-type symptoms. Regression analysis found some of the clinical correlates were independent markers for irritable bowel-type symptoms and that sexual abuse was related to nongastrointestinal symptoms and abdominal surgery independent of irritable bowel-type symptoms. More severe irritable bowel-type symptoms were especially associated with nongastrointestinal symptoms, stress effects, sexual abuse, use of sedatives and oral narcotics, and a past alcohol problem. There are important demographic and clinical correlates with irritable bowel-type symptoms.
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PMID:Irritable bowel-type symptoms in HMO examinees. Prevalence, demographics, and clinical correlates. 835 67

Patients with chronic pelvic pain attending a tertiary referral centre show certain social, developmental and psychological characteristics. Specifically, they appear to have fewer children and to report more paternal overprotection, and a trend towards low maternal care compared to normals. They also show more depression, free-floating anxiety and somatic anxiety than such populations. The levels are similar to those found in other outpatient populations presenting with migraine or irritable bowel syndrome. Hostility levels are greater than those in normal subjects. Overall the present patient population reports the same degree of childhood sexual abuse as do many other female clinic and community sample populations. Sexual abuse is unlikely to be a specific aetiological factor in the development of chronic pelvic pain though it may yet be found to be important in subsets of the population.
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PMID:Psychosocial aspects of chronic pelvic pain, with special reference to sexual abuse. A study of 164 women. 841 46

A study of 46 women with histories of childhood sexual abuse and a control group of 93 women without such histories showed an association between childhood sexual abuse and the women's symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as their perceptions of their families of origin. Results also suggested that family conflict, control, and cohesiveness moderated the relationship between the childhood abuse and current symptoms of depression.
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PMID:Childhood family environment and sexual abuse as predictors of anxiety and depression in adult women. 842 4

The purpose of this article is to sensitize clinicians working in the field of childhood physical/sexual abuse to the connection between untreated childhood traumatization and HIV high-risk behaviors. The characteristic abuse symptoms of chronic depression, sexual compulsivity, revictimization, and substance abuse are identified as barriers to HIV education and intervention for survivors. An overview of the existing HIV/child abuse connection research, an illustrative case history and a discussion regarding the clinical implications of these connections are offered.
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PMID:HIV vulnerability and the adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse. 847 81

The prevalence among college age adults (N = 184) of transitional objects and pre-sleep preparation rituals and their relationship to mental health was investigated. Two scales concerning use of transitional objects and fear of going to sleep, showed statistically significant correlations with self-reports of nightmares, loneliness, depression, and previous physical and sexual abuse. Forty-six students scoring in the highest 15% of the distribution of scores for each scale were compared with students in the lowest 15% on the MAACL and SCL-90-R. High scoring students showed significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, hostility, and interpersonal sensitivity.
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PMID:Transitional objects, pre-sleep rituals, and psychopathology. 847 17

In the course of a 10-year longitudinal investigation of young Swiss adults, childhood sexual abuse was assessed at the age of 30 years. It was reported by 11.5% of women and by 3.5% of men; 56% of the females had been abused by relatives (none of the males), 20% by fathers. Abuse cases tended to be more depressed and anxious; they reported more suicide attempts and more sexual problems than controls and also slightly more psychiatric symptoms and neuroticism. Childhood familial risk factors were more frequent for abuse cases than for controls. Depression at adult age was more strongly connected with early familial risk factors than with early sexual abuse.
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PMID:The Zurich Study. XVII. Sexual abuse in childhood. Frequency and relevance for adult morbidity data of a longitudinal epidemiological study. 849 99


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