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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study is concerned with the problems experienced by parents following disclosure of extra-familial sexual abuse where the perpetrator was known or related to the child or family. Thirty parents (including stepparents), took part and most completed a series of questionnaires, as well as participating in a semistructured interview. Data obtained related to depression, posttraumatic stress, marital satisfaction, and attitude to child victim. Other data relating to anger and loss of significant relationships was obtained from the semistructured interview. Parental distress and ability to cope is described in terms of three distinct types: Type I--Parents able to cope following initial period of distress; Type II--Parents able to cope following initial period of distress, but with significant problems; Type III--Parents unable to cope following initial period of distress.
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PMID:Parental distress and ability to cope following disclosure of extra-familial sexual abuse. 760 19

General population surveys suggest that the percentage of US women who drink declined slightly during the 1980s. Comparisons of 1981 and 1991 national surveys using the same drinking measures show that fewer women drank heavily in 1991, and women drinkers drank less frequently and had fewer episodes of heavy drinking, although younger drinkers reported more frequent intoxication. Longitudinal analyses of 5-year changes in drinking behavior indicate that movement both into and out of problem drinking is greatest among women aged 21 to 34. Subgroups of women with elevated rates of heavy drinking and/or adverse drinking consequences include younger women; women lacking social roles or occupying unwanted social statuses; women in nontraditional jobs; cohabiting women; and ethnic minority women experiencing rapid acculturation. Risks of heavy and/or problem drinking are also greater among women with a heavy-drinking husband or partner; depression; sexual dysfunction; or violent victimization in childhood or adulthood. Future research should focus on (1) the causes and consequences of recent declines in women's drinking; (2) antecedents and consequences of specific patterns of multiple substance use in women; (3) social and relational contexts of women's drinking, including occupational influences, drinking behavior of significant others, sexual dysfunction, and relationship violence; (4) longitudinal predictors of both problem drinking onset and "spontaneous" remission of women's alcohol problems; and (5) childhood sexual abuse as a potentially powerful risk factor for later alcohol abuse in women.
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PMID:Drinking and problem drinking in US women. Patterns and recent trends. 762 49

The association between drug use--regular use of crack cocaine or heroin--and problem drinking was examined in a sample of 159 sentenced women at Rikers Island correction facility in New York City. Using logistic regression, this study tested the association between drug use and alcohol use, controlling for psychosocial variables (sexual abuse history, negative and positive coping skills, and depression), familial drug use (number of family members currently abusing drugs, and those currently abusing alcohol), and demographic variables and criminal history. The association between current, regular crack use and problem drinking approached significance in the final model, which adjusted for criminal behavior, demographic, familial abuse, and psychosocial variables. The results of this study point toward childhood sexual abuse, negative coping skills, and familial alcohol abuse as variables related to problem drinking among incarcerated women.
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PMID:Correlates of problem drinking among drug-using incarcerated women. 765 17

This report describes a pilot study of the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse, and current levels of psychological distress correlated with a history of abuse, in a group of Vietnamese Amerasians bound for the United States. A sample of Vietnamese Amerasians, part of a larger cohort originally selected in Vietnam, was assessed in the Philippines. Subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding a history of physical and/or sexual abuse and three other self-administered questionnaires: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, the Vietnamese Depression Scale, and the Youth Self Report. A history of physical and/or sexual abuse was reported by 22% of male and 18% of female Amerasians. Abused male Amerasians reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress than nonabused male Amerasians, while abused and nonabused female Amerasians did not differ in their levels of psychological distress.
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PMID:A pilot study of abuse among Vietnamese Amerasians. 766 35

The objective of this study was to identify major childhood events that were experienced by negligent mothers matched with non-negligent mothers as well as to define the existing link between those events, depression of the mother and parental stress. The sample was composed of 80 French-speaking Canadian families. The measures used were the Parental Stress Index (Abidin, 1983), the Psycho-Social Interview (Ethier et al., 1989) and the Beck Depression Inventory (1961). The results have shown an extreme level of parental stress and a high level a depression for negligent mothers. The negligent mothers had a history of placements, violence and sexual abuse, but they did not differ from control mothers for parental breakups and nonavailability. We have also shown a significant link between childhood events, depression, and parental stress even more so for the control group than for the negligence group. The results are discussed in the perspective of attachment theory.
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PMID:Childhood adversity, parental stress, and depression of negligent mothers. 766 41

Adolescent male sex offenders who assaulted younger siblings (n = 32) were compared to those who offended against nonsibling children (n = 28). Data were based on responses to the Assessing Environments (III) Scale, Family-of-Origin Scale, Youth Self-Report, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Unlike many earlier studies of adolescent sex offenders, sexual offending/victimization histories were based on information collected from regular meetings rather than intake files or initial interviews; offenders' age, socioeconomic status (SES), and social desirability were examined to avoid potential confounds of these variables; victim age and gender were analyzed to ensure that comparisons between sibling and nonsibling offenders were not confounded by victim age or gender; and internal consistencies of the variables were verified with a larger clinical sample (n = 209). Adolescent sibling-incest offenders reported significantly more marital discord, parental rejection, physical discipline, negative family atmosphere, and general dissatisfaction with family relationships. Offenders against siblings were also more often victims of childhood sexual abuse and were more likely to have a younger child in their families. Results are discussed with respect to the etiology and treatment of adolescent sibling-incest offenders.
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PMID:Adolescent sibling-incest offenders: differences in family and individual functioning when compared to adolescent nonsibling sex offenders. 766 42

Thirty-one individuals awaiting trial or sentencing for murder or undergoing an appeal process requested a neurologic examination through legal counsel. We attempted in each instance to obtain EEG, MRI or CT, and neuropsychological testing. Neurologic examination revealed evidence of "frontal" dysfunction in 20 (64.5%). There were symptoms or some other evidence of temporal lobe abnormality in nine (29%). We made a specific neurologic diagnosis in 20 individuals (64.5%), including borderline or full mental retardation (9) and cerebral palsy (2), among others. Neuropsychological testing revealed abnormalities in all subjects tested. There were EEG abnormalities in eight of the 20 subjects tested, consisting mainly of bilateral sharp waves with slowing. There were MRI or CT abnormalities in nine of the 19 subjects tested, consisting primarily of atrophy and white matter changes. Psychiatric diagnoses included paranoid schizophrenia (8), dissociative disorder (4), and depression (9). Virtually all subjects had paranoid ideas and misunderstood social situations. There was a documented history of profound, protracted physical abuse in 26 (83.8%) and of sexual abuse in 10 (32.3%). It is likely that prolonged, severe physical abuse, paranoia, and neurologic brain dysfunction interact to form the matrix of violent behavior.
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PMID:Neurologic abnormalities in murderers. 896 Jul 68

This study reports on the relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse in adult outpatients of an anxiety disorders clinic. A total of 205 consecutive patients admitted to two anxiety disorders clinics in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, were given the Child Maltreatment History-Self-Report to elicit a history of childhood sexual or physical abuse. Childhood sexual abuse was reported by 23.4% and childhood physical abuse by 44.9%. Patients with a history of childhood sexual or physical abuse had significantly higher Beck depression scores and concurrent major depression, as well as more significant impairment in social functioning. They also demonstrated significantly higher state and trait anxiety scores. The occurrence of sexual or physical abuse was not associated with the presence of any particular primary anxiety disorder diagnosis. However, childhood sexual and/or physical abuse may affect the severity of the anxiety disorder as well as the presence of concurrent major depression.
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PMID:Relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse to anxiety disorders. 774 85

The relation of sexual and physical abuse in childhood to subsequent depression and eating disorders was explored in a community sample of mothers and their teenage and young adult daughters respectively. It was hypothesized that age would be a moderating influence on diagnosis following abuse in that depression would be more common in the mothers and eating disorders more common in the daughters. Depression was more common in mothers than daughters, using Bedford College caseness criteria (Finlay-Jones, et al., 1980), but the difference decreased when Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC: Spitzer, Endicott & Robbins, 1978) were used. Bulimia was more common in the daughters using DSM-III criteria. Both physical and sexual abuse were associated with chronic and recurrent depression but not with single short episodes of depression in the mothers. However, the relationship of depression to abuse showed only a weak trend in the daughter sample. Both physical and sexual abuse were related to bulimia in the daughters, but not in the mothers, as only one mother had such a disorder.
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PMID:Depression and eating disorders following abuse in childhood in two generations of women. 775 38

At initial contact in an eating disorders clinic, 712 female eating disorder patients were asked if they had been physically or sexually abused as children. They also completed a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and an Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Their eating disorder symptom frequency and severity was determined. They were asked if they had alcohol problems, had attempted suicide, or had shoplifting problems. Twenty-nine percent reported sexual abuse. Twenty-five percent reported physical abuse. There was no correlation between reports of abuse and symptom frequency or severity. The abused subjects were more depressed on the BDI and showed more psychological disturbance on the EDI. Abused subjects were much more likely than nonabused subjects to report alcohol problems, suicide attempts, or shoplifting.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of eating disorder patients who report sexual or physical abuse. 777 61


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