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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the effects of childhood sexual abuse and parental alcoholism in a sample of university women. Current symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured together with retrospective reports of subjects' families of origin. Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, main effects on symptoms were obtained for sexual abuse and parental alcoholism, but their interaction was not significant. With respect to family environment, a history of sexual abuse was associated with perceptions that families of origin had less cohesion, more conflict, less emphasis on moral-religious matters, less emphasis on achievement, and less of an orientation towards intellectual, cultural, and recreational pursuits. Similarly, subjects who had alcoholic parents reported less family cohesion, more conflict, and less emphasis on moral-religious matters. Results of analyses of covariance suggested that family environment was a mediator of current symptoms of anxiety, but not symptoms of depression.
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PMID:Joint consequences of parental alcoholism and childhood sexual abuse, and their partial mediation by family environment. 130 38

Women come to drug treatment with lower self-esteem (Regan et al. 1984), more social isolation, and more difficult life situations than men. Women are more likely to present with mental health comorbidity such as depression (Regan et al. 1982). Treatment programs modeled on outcome research on male patients may not yield strategies that are successful with women. Only in the past decade has research been undertaken into the specific population characteristics of women in drug treatment. Programs must be designed with a clear understanding of women's psychological makeup and particular life stress, including the need to care for their children and the reality of physical and sexual abuse. Drug treatment often unmasks a variety of psychosocial problems that, if not adequately addressed by the drug treatment program, may result in relapse into drug use. Many women live in poverty and are inadequately educated, two factors that can interfere with reintegration of the recovered addict into the community. Thus, the drug treatment program, to provide successful long-term outcomes with respect to drug use, must provide long-term aftercare that includes attention to the variety of social, medical, and emotional problems faced by women who use drugs.
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PMID:Program and staff characteristics in successful treatment. 132 Feb

One hundred and seven consecutive patients attending the outpatient epilepsy clinic at a teaching general hospital were assessed by clinical interview for a history of sexual abuse. Questionnaires dealing with overall psychiatric symptomatology i.e., (SCL-90), (TSC-40) and depression (ZSRDS) were also used. The majority of subjects were single (60%), living at home (76.6%) and had an average age of 29 years. The mean duration of epilepsy was 18.8 years and the seizures were controlled with medication in 65.2% of patients. Ten (9.3%) of the subjects had been sexually abused. This frequency of sexual abuse is lower than in the general population and among psychiatric patients. The specific form of sexual abuse consisted of sexual intercourse (n = 4), fondling (n = 4) and oral sex (n = 2). The sexually abused subjects had significantly higher scores on the anxiety subscale of the SCL-90 and depression score on the ZSRDS than non-abused subjects.
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PMID:Sexual abuse and psychiatric symptoms in an epileptic population. 134 75

In the last decade, a great deal of research has been accomplished in the study of borderline personality, but the literature is yet to systematically examine the intimate relationships of individuals with this particular personality disorder. In doing so, this study compared a sample of female borderlines with an adequately matched sample of non-personality disorders (aged 23-33 years) using the following measures: the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness, the Sexual Opinion Survey, the Sexuality Scale, and the Index of Sexual Satisfaction. In the borderline sample, about 50% of the women reported a childhood history of physical or sexual abuse, as compared to about 15% in the control group. Also, borderline women were found to have significantly higher sexual assertiveness, greater erotophilic attitudes, and higher sexual esteem. Despite these findings, the borderline group evidenced significantly greater sexual preoccupation, sexual depression, and sexual dissatisfaction. Implications for these findings and treatment issues are discussed.
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PMID:An empirical examination into the sexuality of women with borderline personality disorder. 140 44

This study reports results from follow-up interviews with 301 women aged 18-44 years who were first identified 2 years earlier in a cross-sectional study of 1498 adults in the general population of the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. The prevalence of intrafamilial sexual abuse was 13%. This incestuous sexual abuse in childhood was associated with an increase in many adult mental symptoms, particularly symptoms of depression, bulimia and generalized anxiety. In this community study the consequences associated with sexual abuse within the family appear to be widespread and not very specific, and show as additional comorbidity rather than as increased severity within a disorder. These results do not support the strong direct causal effects postulated in some theories derived from clinical studies.
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PMID:Long-term effects of intrafamilial sexual abuse in childhood. 154 39

The existing literature on the long-term sequelae of child sexual abuse is reviewed. The evidence suggests that sexual abuse is an important problem with serious long-term sequelae; but the specific effects of sexual abuse, independent of force, threat of force, or such family variables as parental psychopathology, are still to be clarified. Adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse show greater evidence of sexual disturbance or dysfunction, homosexual experiences in adolescence or adulthood, depression, and are more likely than nonabused women to be revictimized. Anxiety, fear, and suicidal ideas and behavior have also been associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse but force and threat of force may be a necessary concomitant. As yet, there is insufficient evidence to confirm a relation between a history of childhood sexual abuse and a postsexual abuse syndrome and multiple or borderline personality disorder. Male victims of child sexual abuse show disturbed adult sexual functioning. The relation between age of onset of abuse and outcome is still equivocal. Greater long-term harm is associated with abuse involving a father or stepfather and abuse involving penetration. Longer duration is associated with greater impact, and the use of force or threat of force is associated with greater harm.
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PMID:A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. 154 21

The rates of comorbid personality disorders in patients with panic disorder are reported to be elevated, have an adverse impact on the response to treatment, and increase the likelihood of relapse on treatment discontinuation. We examined the rates of personality disorders in panic disorder patients in a longitudinal, naturalistic study of panic disorder. Of 100 panic disorder patients studied, 42 met criteria for at least one personality disorder as determined by the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R). The presence of a personality disorder as determined by the PDQ-R was associated with a past history of childhood anxiety disorders, comorbidity with other anxiety disorders and depression, and a chronic, unremitting course of panic disorder in adulthood. The presence of a personality disorder in these patients was not significantly associated with a history of physical or sexual abuse in childhood. Our findings support the notion that an anxiety diathesis, demonstrated by significant difficulties with anxiety in childhood, influences the development of apparent personality dysfunction in panic patients. In other cases, personality pathology may reflect the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders or depression. The association of personality disorder in panic patients with a more unremitting course of illness underscores the importance of axis II pathology in understanding the longitudinal course of panic disorder.
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PMID:Personality disorders in patients with panic disorder: association with childhood anxiety disorders, early trauma, comorbidity, and chronicity. 154

Of 63 sexual assault victims who were a mean 7.9 years postevent, almost two thirds (60%, n = 38) demonstrated some degree of depression. Over half (56%, n = 35) the sample also reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. Three factors had a significant positive association with higher levels of depression: nondisclosure of the assault to significant others due to concerns about stigma; the presence of children living with the victim; and a civil lawsuit pending. One factor, currently being sexually active, had a significant negative association with depression. Results are discussed from the perspective of depression, a common pathway by which unresolved sexual trauma is expressed.
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PMID:Factors associated with long-term depressive symptoms of sexual assault victims. 156 43

To investigate an hypothesized link between unwanted sexual experiences in childhood and later problems with eating, 21 survivors of sexual abuse completed three questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test, the Sexual Events Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire. These women scored high on the EAT, and scores were higher for women who reported more sexual experiences. A similar relation was found between number of sexual experiences and depression, and anxiety and insomnia, but not with somatic symptoms. The implications of these findings for intervention in sexual abuse and eating disorder cases are discussed.
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PMID:Eating attitudes in survivors of unwanted sexual experiences. 160 Apr 4

In this article, we present data obtained with the psychosocial interview instrument, HEADSS (Home, Education, Activities, Drug use and abuse, Sexual behavior, Suicidality and depression) that was administered to High Risk Youth Clinic clients at their initial visits during a 1-year period. Of the 1,015 new patients, 63% were homeless/runaway youths and 37% were living with their families. Utilizing the HEADSS interview instrument, we compared homeless/runaway youths to nonhomeless youths in a number of areas, including risks for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our results showed that homeless teens tended to be younger, female, and white compared to their nonhomeless counterparts. They were more likely to have dropped out of school and were far more likely to be depressed and actively suicidal. They demonstrated all forms of drug abuse. They engaged in first sexual intercourse at an earlier age, and experienced a higher incidence of sexual abuse and prostitution. They were 6 times more likely to be at risk for HIV infection.
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PMID:HEADSS, a psychosocial risk assessment instrument: implications for designing effective intervention programs for runaway youth. 177 92


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