Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Km and V of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine-oxidase (MAO) were determined in the depressive and manic state as well as after recovery in patients with affective psychoses and in the depressive state of patients with neurotic depression. DBH and MAO values were measured also in age- and sex-matched controls. The Km and V values of each enzyme failed to differ between patients and healthy controls or between patients during and after an episode of illness. The ratio of V of serum DBH (tyramine as substrate) tended to be lower in patients independent of their psychopathological state than in controls. The findings fail to support the notion that characteristics of the peripheral enzymes measured provides a reliable indicator of a biological disposition to depression, but are consistent with the notion that the balance of monoamine may play a role in certain psychopathological states.
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PMID:Serum DBH and platelet MAO in patients with depressive disorders. 724 43

This study involves an application of a new methodology, subliminal psychodynamic activation, which can be used to experimentally test psychoanalytic "dynamic" propositions. It was found that with a sample of neurotically depressed female patients, there was a significant decrease in depression-related responses following the stimulation of a symbiotic gratification fantasy ("Mommy and I are one"). Subliminal symbiotic stimulation had been shown previously in studies with different populations (schizophrenics, homosexuals, phobics, alcoholics and overeaters) to have similar ameliorative effects. The current results point to the importance of symbiotic dynamics and the relationship dependent on a dominant other, rather than to the retroflexion of aggression in neurotic depression. This is in keeping with the formulations of Arieti (1959), Bemporad (1953), Horowitz (1980), and the senior author (Slipp, 1977). Hypotheses regarding the effects of stimulating fantasies involving success were not supported by the primary data, although secondary data (from correlational analyses) did provide some indirect support for the senior author's hypothesis. The "Autonomous Succeed" message ("Succeed for myself") did not reverse the depressive mood, possibly because autonomy was equated with abandonment. Relatively differentiated depressives tended to respond to the "Exploitative Succeed" ("Succeed for Father or Mother") messages with a decrease in depression, while depressives with a low level of self-object differentiation tended to respond with an increase in depression. For more differentiated depressives, performing for and giving over a part of the self to another is an adaptive style that insures the dependent relationship and bolsters the patient's weak self-image. However, with poorly differentiated depressives, giving over to another raises the threat of total annihilation, since the self is already diminished. These secondary data can be viewed, however, as only suggestive and need to be pursued in future studies. The results on symbiosis in this study add to the growing literature (summarized in Silverman, 1976, 1980) indicating that subliminal psychodynamic activation is a useful technique for investigating psychoanalytic formulations in the laboratory. It was Freud's overriding hope that psychoanalysis be firmly rooted as a behavioral science and this technique seems most promising as contributing toward that end.
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PMID:An experimental study of psychoanalytic theories of depression. 729 11

COMT enzyme characteristics (Km, V, ratio of meta/paramethylation) were determined in the red blood cells of 20 patients with endogenous depression, in 20 healthy controls matched as to age and sex, as well as in 10 patients with mania, and 10 patients with neurotic depression. Assessment was done twice, i.e. before and after remission in patients with endogenous depression and in the manic patients. If male and female patients are considered together there was no statistical difference between the COMT characteristics of these patient groups, either before or after remission. Only the bipolar patients showed a higher COMT-activity (V) than their individually matched controls. If however, only the female patients are taken into consideration, COMT-activity of the patients with endogenous depression vs. controls is significantly increased by 60%. This difference can be demonstrated also after remission ("free interval") though statistical significance is reached only for the unipolar group. Further in vitro experiments indicate that antidepressant drugs do not possess a relevant influence on COMT-activity. Ranking the mean COMT-values leads to the following order: matched controls (< neurotic depression < unipolar depression < bipolar depression, which would be in good agreement with theoretical expectations based on the amine hypothesis of depression. Compared with normal male subjects COMT-activity of female controls is significantly lower. On the other hand, the female patients with endogenous depression show a significantly higher enzyme activity than the corresponding male patients.
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PMID:Erythrocyte COMT-activity in patients with affective disorders. 740 11

A double-blind study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of trazodone vs. amitriptyline and placebo in 184 patients suffering from neurotic depression. All patients were evaluated for safety and 127 patients who completed 12 to 42 days' therapy were evaluated for efficacy. Trazodone was found to be significantly better than placebo on almost every rating scale, particularly on those items or factors related to depression and associated anxiety. Trazodone was superior to amitriptyline in some patients while amitriptyline was only occasionally better than placebo. Significant improvement was noted in trazodone patients within the first seven days of therapy. Trazodone produced a low level of side effects compared to amitriptyline.
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PMID:Trazodone in the treatment of neurotic depression. 744 May 19

The clinical course of 35 depressed inpatients (19 women, 16 men; 19 endogenous, 16 neurotic depression (ICD-9 diagnoses); mean age 46.7 years) who were treated with paroxetine 20 mg/d was observed over 21 days using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). For both types of depression there was a significant decrease from day 1 to day 21 in the mean HAMD total score and in a subscore of cognitive and somatic items. The mean value of the HAMD suicide item increased in 3 cases and decreased in 25.
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PMID:Paroxetine in the treatment of inpatients with non-delusional endogenous or neurotic depression. 753 40

Verbatim transcripts of 11 psychotherapeutic interviews with patients suffering from depressive neurosis were examined, focusing on subjective theories of illness, biography, and descriptions of the patient's own personality. The results of our qualitative content analysis allow reconstruction of some characteristic features of these patients, like over identification with social roles and norms (1), feeling of being dependent and injured by another person (2), problems of self-esteem (3), shyness (4), unfulfilled wishes to be loved and accepted (5). These findings are discussed in the context of psychopathological and psychoanalytic concepts of depression.
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PMID:[Personality structure and subjective illness concepts of neurotically depressed patients. Qualitative comparison of 11 individual cases analyses of initial psychotherapy interviews]. 767 53

To understand the prognosis and stability of diagnosis of depressive disorders, a follow-up study was carried out in a community clinic. The sample includes of 90 cases whose original psychiatric diagnosis were 38 depressive disorders (16 depression and 22 depressive neurosis) and 52 non-depressive neurosis. Eight years later, rediagnosis was made by using the same assessment instruments and diagnostic criteria. The results suggest that the diagnosis are quite stable and the Kappa tests show the predictive validity of diagnosis is 0. 73 in depression and 0.84 in depressive neurosis. Besides a few differences both depression and depressive neurosis have similar characteristics in clinical features, prognosis and outcome.
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PMID:[The diagnosis and prognosis of depressive disorders in a community clinic]. 784 32

We studied 97 patients who were diagnosed at the time of discharge having depressive neurosis within the period of 1984-1992. They were rediagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of CCMD-2, dysthymia and mild degree of depression in ICD-10 and DSM-III-R. Only 23 patients were in accord with diagnostic criteria of CCMD-2 and maintained the diagnosis of depressive neurosis. The other 74 patients were diagnosed as having depression (single or recurrent episode) other types of neurosis, bipolar affective disorders (depressive phase or mixed phase) and schizophrenia. These diagnoses were similar to those in ICD-10 and DSM-III-R.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of depressive neurosis]. 784 33

In a double-blind comparative study, 135 depressed patients were treated in 20 centers. Inclusion diagnoses were typical depressions with single episode (296.2), several episodes (296.3), depressive neurosis (300.4), and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (309.0) in accordance with DSM-III-R. The dosage was 3 x 300 mg hypericum extract LI 160 or 3 x 25 mg imipramine daily. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Main assessment criteria were the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Depression Scale according to von Zerssen (D-S) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). In both treatment groups, a parallel reduction of the Hamilton score from 20.2 to 8.8 (LI 160, n = 67) or from 19.4 to 10.7 (imipramine, n = 68), and the transformed D-S point values from 39.6 to 27.2 (LI 160) and 39.0 to 29.2 (imipramine) were found. The analysis of CGI revealed comparable results in both treatment groups. Clinically relevant changes of the safety parameters were not found. In the LI 160 group fewer and milder side effects were found as compared to imipramine.
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PMID:Effectiveness and tolerance of the hypericum extract LI 160 in comparison with imipramine: randomized double-blind study with 135 outpatients. 785 2

The comorbidity of anxiety/depression, or the co-occurrence of anxious and depressive symptoms is an heterogenous concept. There is comorbidity when a whole anxious syndrome and a whole depressive syndrome last during a period of life. The association of minor anxious and depressive disorders in a same patient during a certain period of time is the definition of mixed anxious and depressive disorder. The comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymia is more frequent than each of these two disorders separately considered. The interpretation of comorbidity needs cautiousness. The results are very different if one considers only the actual disorders or the occurrence on the whole period of life. The longitudinal epidemiological studies as the ones made by Angst and by Wittchen demonstrate that most of the patients with an anxious disorder become depressive. A third of these patients are cured and one third to one quarter of them evaluate toward chronicisation. There are many common features between the chronic depressions, the classical neurotic depression and the general neurotic syndrome defined by Tyrer. If the presence of minor mixed symptoms, anxious and depressive, is a clinical reality, to isolate a "anxiodepressive" syndrome may lead to create a miscellaneous category, which could cause an excess of drug prescription. The reactivity of mixed syndromes, anxious and depressive, seems distinct from the one of anxious disorders and of pure depressive syndromes.
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PMID:[Comorbidity of anxiety-depression and its treatment]. 790 38


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