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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychological states such as bereavement and depression have been associated with suppression of the immune response. The authors present a pilot study utilizing the anti-depressant, maprotiline hydrochloride (Ludiomil) to determine its effects on the mental depression and immune reactions of T&B lymphocytes in patients with neurotic depression (dysthymic disorder by DSM III). Hope scores, derived from the content analysis of verbal samples, and Beck depression scores were examined as they covaried with various indices of immune response before and 3 months after the patients were administered either maprotiline or no anti-depressant medication. Although the study did not provide definitive findings regarding improved response following treatment of depressed patients with maprotiline hydrochloride, it did suggest further avenues of research for investigation.
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PMID:A preliminary report on anti-depressant therapy and its effects on hope and immunity. 387 33

Although the phrase "no suicide without depression" may not be quite correct in this extreme wording, it must be stressed that the connection between depression and suicide is close and that the contribution of depression towards suicide is very large. The task of the examining physician is twofold. In the first place he has to judge from the phenomenological-psychopathological point of view to which extent the patient shows signs of the so-called "pre-suicidal syndrome", consisting of multi-dimensional narrowing in, inhibited and self-directed aggression, and increasing suicidal fantasies. Secondly, he has to investigate the pattern of the existing depression. Endogenous depression, senile depression and neurotic depression have to be taken into consideration and the extent of the risk of suicide depends, not least, on the type of depression. As to therapy, neurotic depression requires psychotherapy, senile depression calls for socio-therapeutic measures and endogenous depression necessitates the administration of antidepressives. In all cases, however, the foundation for successful therapy rests on the achievement of a harmonious and genuine doctor-patient relationship.
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PMID:[Depression and suicide]. 398 52

One hundred and fifty anxiety neurotic and neurotic depressive twin probands were differentiated into three groups by means of discriminant analysis, 50 in each group. The groups were named pure anxiety neurosis, mixed anxiety-depression and pure neurotic depression. Childhood environmental factors seemed important in the development of pure neurotic depression, while mixed anxiety-depression seemed to be determined by environmental factors in adult life. Further investigation showed that loss of a parent before the age of 16, and moving before the age of 14 seemed important in the development of pure neurotic depression. Loss, or threat of loss, of love objects appeared to be the most common precipitating event for the neurotic depression and mixed anxiety-depression groups, while pregnancy and childbirth seemed to be of great significance in the development of pure anxiety neuroses. Furthermore, unmarried status was most frequent in the mixed anxiety-depressive group of probands.
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PMID:Developmental differentiation of anxiety and affective neuroses. 398 72

One hundred and fifty anxiety neurotic and neurotic depressive twin probands were differentiated into three groups by means of discriminant analysis, 50 in each group. The groups were named: pure anxiety neurosis, mixed anxiety-depression, and pure neurotic depression. Analysis of concordance rates indicated that only pure anxiety neurosis seemed to be influenced by hereditary factors.
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PMID:Hereditary differentiation of anxiety and affective neuroses. 401 59

A family history of alcoholism can be used as a validating factor in the diagnosis of reactive-neurotic depression. Not only is this true but there are clear data that indicate the presence of positive symptoms that can be used to make the diagnosis. A set of criteria based on previous research is presented for the diagnosis of neurotic-reactive depression. These criteria are based on a clustering of certain symptoms, events, and traits in patients with neurotic-reactive depression. The patients showed stormy life-styles, some specific symptoms, personality abnormalities, presence of life events before the onset of depression, and a family history of alcoholism. They had relatively few hospitalizations for depression and responded poorly to specific antidepressant treatment.
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PMID:The validity of neurotic-reactive depression. New data and reappraisal. 405 88

The concept of neurotic depression was introduced in the early part of the 20th century. The concept has undergone many revisions, and recently was discontinued as a category in the DSM-III. In the past, neurotic depression was referred to as a nonpsychotic form of depression, a nonendogenous depression, as well as many other categories. The presence of various meanings has made it difficult to develop algorithms for neurotic depression; the findings substantiate the decision of the DSM-III not to continue the category of neurotic depression.
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PMID:The scientific status of neurotic depression. 405 89

1 Benzodiazepines are regarded as pure anxiolytics, and their value in the treatment of depression is controversial. Nevertheless, symptoms of anxiety and depression coexist in patients with endogenous or neurotic depression, and clinical trials indicate that depressed patients respond better to a benzodiazepine-tricyclic antidepressant combination than to either drug alone. 2 Benzodiazepines may extend tricyclic antidepression efficacy by rapidly relieving anxiety and insomnia. Factor analysis of scores obtained using the Hamilton Depression and Self-Administered Depression Rating Scales confirm the clinical findings by revealing that a close correlation exists among anxiety, insomnia and endogenous depression. The factor analysis data seem to support the wide use of benzodiazepine-tricyclic combinations to treat depressed patients.
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PMID:Some considerations on the role of benzodiazepines in the treatment of depression. 613 30

The possible predictive value of cortisol non-suppression by dexamethasone for therapeutic response to antidepressants was investigated both in "endogenous" and "neurotic" depression. Seventy-four female patients who fulfilled the RDC of Major Depressive Disorder (Study 1) and 44 female patients with the diagnosis of "Neurotic Depression" of ICD-9 (Study 2) were given DST and then treated with antidepressants, their clinical response being assessed after four weeks of drug treatment. Forty-three out of the 74 patients with Primary Major Depression were non-suppressor. The DST non-suppressors showed a significantly more frequent therapeutic response to maprotiline than to amitriptyline. DST suppressors, on the other hand, responded better to amitriptyline treatment than non-suppressors. In the neurotic depression group 23 patients were subclassified as Primary Minor Depression, and 52% of them showed non-suppressor response to DST. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed as Secondary Depression, with a history of chronic neurosis. One patient only (5%) was the non-suppressor. Patients with Primary Minor Depression showed good therapeutic response to antidepressants more frequently, than patients with Secondary Depression.
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PMID:Dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of drug treatment response. 615 43

The G.H. response to the insulin hypoglycaemia (Sachar test) is studied as differential diagnose test between endogenous and neurotic depressions in 14 patients. No correlation is seen between either a decreased response and endogenous depressive state, or an increased response and the neurotic depression. However, the great level of a response seems a good criterium to give the evolution prognostic of the depression state: the more G.H. response is high, the more the depression is fast curable.
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PMID:[Growth hormone (GH) test in psychiatric diagnosis]. 635 99

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered shortly after admission to 102 consecutive in-patients with a Hamilton depression score greater than or equal to 16. Post-dexamethasone cortisol exceeded 6 micrograms/dl in 16 cases, and levels correlated significantly with Hamilton scores; with the AMP syndromes 'hypochondria', 'apathy' and 'catatonia'; and with the IMPS 'retarded depressive' syndrome. The criterion of suppression/non-suppression did not distinguish significantly between diagnostic categories (RDC or ICD), nor between endogenous and neurotic depression. (Newcastle scale). Both base-line and post-dexamethasone cortisol levels were reduced by prior treatment with minor tranquillisers, but not by major tranquillisers or antidepressants. DST results cannot be used as straightforward indicators of prognosis.
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PMID:The DST and its relationship to psychiatric diagnosis, symptoms and treatment outcome. 650 68


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