Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of the S2-antagonist ritanserin has not yet been clarified satisfactorily. In an open indication finding study to generate new hypotheses concerning its possible therapeutic application carried out in the psychiatric university clinic 25 patients (10 patients with vitalized neurotic depression (ICD No. 296.1), 7 with florid depressively tinged schizophrenia (ICD No. 295.3)) were treated with an average of 15.5 mg/day of ritanserin for a period of 4 weeks. Alterations in the psychopathological findings were documented by means of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and the psychopathological findings (page 4) of the AMDP system. The results suggest that ritanserin improves depressive rather than schizophrenic symptomatology. In 4 of the 7 schizophrenic patients of our study an intensification of the psychotic symptomatology could even be observed. On the basis of our open study findings ritanserin could be classified as a substance with antidepressive effects, with a low incidence of side-effects and a rapid onset of action. In placebo controlled clinical studies this indication should be examined in different patient groups.
 ...
PMID:Psychotropic effects of ritanserin, a selective S2 antagonist: an open study. 182 98

In this psychopathological study, the subjective experience of anxiety was investigated in depressive patients by means of a semistructured interview. Both International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) diagnostic criteria (melancholia or neurotic depression; N = 160 or 93, respectively) and the DSM-III classification system (major depressive episode with or without "melancholia"; N = 63 or 153, respectively) were applied. Anxiety can be identified in virtually all patients examined. In contrast, the themes of anxiety are subject to substantial differences. There is a statistically significant correlation between the extent of anxiety and the severity of depression by the Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D). However, a distinction between anxiety and depression is possible in the majority of cases if the contents of anxiety are taken into account.
 ...
PMID:Anxiety in depressive disorders. 188 1

Sixty-five inpatients of a psychosomatic hospital in the Federal Republic of Germany with the diagnosis of anxiety neurosis (n = 31) or neurotic depression (n = 34) as defined by the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9), were randomized to a 4-week course of ipsapirone at 7.5 mg t.i.d. or placebo in a prospective, double-blind clinical trial to assess safety, tolerability, and efficacy. This article reports the efficacy results for those patients with the diagnosis of neurotic depression. The primary efficacy variable for patients with neurotic depression was the change from baseline in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) at 4 weeks of treatment. Considering all of the randomized patients with neurotic depression (n = 34, the intent-to-treat population), the mean change from baseline in the HAM-D at Week 4 (observed cases) was -13.13 +/- 6.06 (n = 16) for the ipsapirone group, and -3.19 +/- 5.99 (n = 16) for the placebo group (p less than .001). A parallel analysis of the change from baseline in the Core Depression score of the HAM-D (defined as the sum of items 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8) also showed a significant treatment difference (p less than .01). Results were similar for the intent-to-treat population, last observation carried forward. Safety and tolerability were evaluated for all study patients independent of diagnosis. Treatment-emergent events (n = 65) were reported by 76 percent of patients treated with ipsapirone (n = 33) and by 38 percent of patients treated with placebo (n = 32).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Ipsapirone: evidence for efficacy in depression. 197 72

The strongest statistical support for the binary view of depression has been provided by factor (principal components) analytic studies which delineate a bipolar factor with features interpreted as reflecting "endogenous depression" and "neurotic depression" at opposing poles. We review the seminal studies to suggest instead that the bipolar factor has generally polarised depression and anxiety, and that no such entity or symptom complex of "neurotic depression" has been isolated. Instead "neurotic depression" has been defined principally by features of anxiety and personality style. We argue that the suggested entity is, in fact, a pseudo-entity, being no more than a residual group of non-depressive features without any significant intrinsic depressive characteristics. We support our interpretation by showing comparable solutions in published studies of depressives alone, contrasted with separate analyses of anxious and depressed patients. We also report two studies in which the "neurotic depressive" pole is made to appear and disappear by the inclusion and exclusion of anxiety items. As factor analytic studies have defined the "residual" pole so variably, we argue that some features held to distinguish neurotic depression are of no utility and that such a diagnosis is meaningless. We suggest that the clinician should not proceed (after excluding endogenous depression) to conclude that the default option is necessarily an entity "neurotic depression" and that instead a heterogeneous group of options (e.g. anxiety, personality disorder) require review. If the "neurotic depressive" type of the multivariate analytic studies is a pseudo-entity, then a modified unitary view of depression may be valid.
 ...
PMID:Depression sub-typing: unitary, binary or arbitrary? 187 52

Patients (200) with chronic intractable pain were evaluated to identify various psychiatric symptoms. Identifiable psychiatric illness, commonest being neurotic depression and anxiety states, was found in 72 per cent patients. The common symptoms reported on the present state examination (PSE) were worrying (77%), depression (40%), loss of interest (31.5%), hopelessness (16.5%), loss of weight (18%), and suicidal ideas (8%) and irritability (41.5%). Two thirds of patients had both anxiety and depression.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric symptoms in patients with non-organic chronic intractable pain. 207 Nov 86

The present study explored the role of genetic factors in the development of neurotic depression. Case studies of 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 14 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins from Robert Shapiro's 1970 study of non-endogenous depression were rediagnosed by two raters blind to the zygosity and identity of each twin. Diagnoses were made using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and George Winokur's 1985 criteria for neurotic-reactive depression. When neurotic depression was operationally defined using Winokur's criteria plus RDC major or definite minor depression, the concordance rate for MZ twins was significantly greater than that for DZ twins. Our results contrast with Shapiro's negative findings, probably due to our use of formal diagnostic criteria and Shapiro's requirement that cotwins be hospitalized to be considered concordant. The present results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of at least some forms of neurotic depression.
 ...
PMID:The genetics of neurotic-reactive depression: a reanalysis of Shapiro's (1970) twin study using diagnostic criteria. 214 Mar 76

Forty patients over 65 years of age with anxiety symptoms due to an anxiety state (N = 20) or secondary to neurotic depression (N = 20) took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in a primary care practice. All patients were receiving concomitant drug therapy for chronic medical conditions; 70% were receiving two or more nonpsychotropic drugs in addition to the study medication. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with buspirone 5-30 mg/day or placebo for 4 weeks, with clinical evaluations made weekly. One buspirone-treated and two placebo-treated patients discontinued treatment after 2 weeks because of lack of efficacy. Buspirone treatment resulted in significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) improvement on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Clinical Global Impression assessment than did placebo. Mild adverse experiences were reported by five buspirone-treated and nine placebo-treated patients. Buspirone (mean dose, 18 mg/day) proved equally effective for elderly patients suffering anxiety states or neurotic depression at doses similar to those used in younger patients, and was well tolerated by elderly patients receiving treatment for other chronic medical conditions.
 ...
PMID:Buspirone therapy in anxious elderly patients: a controlled clinical trial. 219 1

Mind and body remain stubbornly one. The distinction between primary and secondary disorders respects this unity. The distinction between "reactive" and "induced" carry causal implications and suggest the former is psychogenic and the latter organic--both of which are probably premature conclusions. The diagnostician, free of the demands on the pathologist, can pursue the correct nosology committed to demonstrating, not the pathophysiology, but the presence of adequate diagnostic criteria. Whenever a secondary disorder meets full criteria it may warrant the same treatment accorded to the primary disorder. Whether the disease is major or minor may also be of clinical significance. Only further application of psychiatric nosology to medically ill patients can resolve these issues. Karajgi et al recently found that the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder in a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 8%. The only respectable offspring of neurotic depression in DSM-III-R is dysthymia. As with neurotic depression, dysthymia is not a condition thought appropriate for or responsive to antidepressant drugs. Clinicians dealing with depression in the medically ill think of depression itself as "serious," that is, major.
 ...
PMID:Depression and anxiety secondary to medical illness. 228 Oct 8

The severity of the depressive and apathy syndrome, which are factoranalytically derived from the AMDP-system is reported for 428 patients with a monopolar depression. The data are compared with the results from 79 patients with a bipolar depression, 192 with a neurotic depression and 89 with a depressive reaction. The percentile scores can be used for the evaluation of the severity of a depressive and apathy syndrome in comparison to a reference sample.
 ...
PMID:[Percentile distribution of depression scales of the AMDP system]. 232 91

Patients diagnosed in the late 1960s as suffering from either endogenous or neurotic depression, or as presenting with depression but discharged with another neurotic diagnosis, were followed for 15 years. Diagnosis at index admission did not predict overall outcome, but patients with endogenous depression, an apparently stable diagnosis, had longer index admissions, were readmitted sooner, but spent less time ill than patients in either of the neurosis groups. Personality abnormality accounted for 20% of the variance in outcome in the neurotic groups and only 2% of the variance in the endogenous group. Thus there is evidence that endogenous and neurotic depression are two illnesses and that, in the neuroses particularly, prognosis will depend on the extent to which these personality abnormalities are modified by treatment.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis, personality and the long-term outcome of depression. 228 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>