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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study explored the relative contribution of the therapist's technical skills and the qualities inherent in any good human relationship to outcome in time-limited individual psychotherapy. Highly experienced psychotherapists treated 15 patients drawn from a relatively homogeneous patient population (male college students, selected primarily on the basis of elevations on the depression, anxiety, and social introversion scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). By traditional diagnostic categories, they would be classified as neurotic depression or anxiety reactions. Obsessional trends and borderline personalities were common. A comparable patient group was treated by college professors chosen for their ability to form understanding relationships. Patients treated by professors showed, on the average, as much improvement as patients treated by professional therapists. Treated groups slightly exceeded the controls. Group means, however, obscured considerable individual variability.
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PMID:Specific vs nonspecific factors in psychotherapy. A controlled study of outcome. 47 46

The classification of depression remains controversial (Kendell, 1976). Overall et al. (1966) used the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (PBRS), a computer classification procedure and derived three depressed groups: anxious, hostile and retarded depressives. Paykel (1971, 1972) reported four groups derived from a multivariate cluster analysis: psychotic depressives and '...three groups, anxious, hostile and young depressives with personality disorder, from the diversity of patients subsumed under neurotic depression'. Amongst 85 women treated with amitriptyline 'this typology predicted outcome significantly'. This paper presents the results of a cluster analysis of a group of 60 female out-patient neurotic depressives.
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PMID:Are there different types of neurotic depression? 48 55

A study of total sleep deprivation for one night was performed on 12 patients with endogenic depression and 10 with neurotic depression, as well as a control group of 10 normals. The study was designed to answer the following questions: 1. Are the correlations between self-ratings and clinical assessments of sleep deprivation effects satisfactory? 2. Are sleep deprivation effects modified by the personality dimensions extraversion and neuroticism? 3. What effects do the interactions of rater and patient and their expectations have on therapeutic results? The findings confirmed the therapeutic effects of sleep deprivation in depressives. The correlations between self-ratings and clinical assessments were satisfactory. The therapeutic effects were not significantly influenced by psychiatrist-patient interactions or their expectations. The relevance of these results to explanations of sleep deprivation effects is discussed.
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PMID:[Psychological aspects of sleep deprivation. A controlled study on depressives and normals (author's transl)]. 68 66

Combined monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor-tricyclic antidepressant therapy and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were compared in a population of refractory depressive patients. Seventeen patients were randomly assigned to either of the treatment groups, and an independent observer was used to rate overall progress. Between four and ten ECTs or a combination of phenelzine and amitriptyline were administered. Assays for MAO activity and plasma levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were performed. In both psychotic and neurotic depression, ECT was superior. When depression was accompanied by character disorder, the response was generally poor. Adequate levels of MAO inhibition were obtained, but tricyclic antidepressant levels were low. Electroconvulsive therapy is still considered to be the treatment of choice for severe depression, whereas the combination of low doses of phenelzine and amitriptyline are ineffective. This treatment modality needs further investigation.
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PMID:A comparison of electroconvulsive therapy and combined phenelzine-amitriptyline in refractory depression. 72 3

Twenty-five depressed patients were examined as to their growth hormone responses to TRH. An enhanced pituitary growth hormone response to intravenous injection of 500 mug TRH was observed in eight depressed patients, while TRH administration did not raise growth hormone levels in nine of 10 normal subjects examined. Occurrence of enhanced response of growth hormone was not related to the thyrotropin values after TRH administration. Bipolar patients exhibited enhanced growth-hormone response more frequently than unipolar patients. Five patients with involutional depression and neurotic depression who showed the most insufficient thyrotropin release to TRH administration together with lowered thyroid function revealed to be non-responders of growth hormone.
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PMID:Enhanced growth hormone responses to TRH injection in bipolar depressed patients. 81 72

During a nine-month period (1974-75), 1,050 students (846 male, 204 female) at Ain Shams University, Cairo, attended the Student Health Centre. Fifty-two per cent were referred there by their general practitioners, 5 per cent by their families and 3 per cent through their faculties; the remainder (41 per cent) were self-referred. Male patients represented 2-8 per cent of the male students, but female patients only 0-9 per cent of the female students. In faculties dealing with practical subjects the male-female ratio was higher than in those dealing with more theoretical subjects. The diagnoses included anxiety neurosis (36 per cent of the cases), schizophrenia (18 per cent), depression (15 per cent) and neurotic depression (12 per cent).
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PMID:Psychiatric morbidity among university students in Egypt. 91 16

Neurotic depression covers all forms triggered by exogenous factors, often in conjuction with an underlying personality disposition, and includes reactive, exhaustion and neurotic depression. A feeling of sadness and loss of affection is generally present, together with anxiety provoked by insecurity and apprehension. The complexity of the picture makes treatment of the overall situation difficult with one drug only. For this reason, a series of 25 patients aged 31 to 67 yr with syndromes classifiable as neurotic depression were treated with 2 to 6 daily administrations of an association of 25 nortryptiline and 1 mg trifluoperazine. Analysis of the behaviour of a number of target symptoms showed the effectiveness of the association. There were virtually no side-effects. Success was obtained in the management of anxiety, loss of appetite, depression, irritability, weeping, failure to adapt, and remissiveness, especially in the first week of treatment.
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PMID:[Pharmacological treatment of neurotic depressions]. 105 13

Maprotiline (Ludiomil) is a dibenzo bicyclooctadiene pharmacologically related to the tricyclic antidepressants and stereochemically having a tetracyclic structure. A controlled, double-blind comparison of maprotiline and imipramine in a group of 71 female outpatients with primary depression is presented. Maprotiline was found to be at least as effective as imipramine and significantly better in depressive neurosis. It also showed a bipolar action, being effective in both agitation and retardation.
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PMID:A controlled study of a tetracyclic antidepressant--maprotiline (Ludiomil). 109 69

A method of reviewing a series of clinical trials by extracting the basic data in the form of 2 x 2 tables and analysing these by Fisher's two-tailed Exact Test is described, and illustrated by published imipramine-placebo trials. The results suggest that the benefit of this drug in patients with endogenous depression who have not become institutionalized is indisputable, and that further drug-placebo trials in this condition are not justified. Two of the three trials of imipramine in neurotic depression gave results showing significant improvement. Possible explanations of the apparent failure of this drug in groups of patients with undifferentiated depression are discussed.
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PMID:A statistical review of controlled trials of imipramine and placebo in the treatment of depressive illnesses. 110 34

On the basis of a material from a cumulative registration of the psychiatric morbidity in a geographically delimited population group - the County of Aarhus with approximately 175,000 inhabitants over the age of 15 years - the frequency of depressive syndromes in psychiatric and other medical services was investigated. The material fulfils the following criteria: During the calendar years 1960 to 1964, the patients 1) were residents in the County of Aarhus, 2) had attained the age of 15 years or more, 3) had contacted at least one of the services which systematically sent information to the psychiatric register; and 4) based on an evaluation of all available data, had a main diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis, psychogenic depression or neurotic depression. An average yearly registration rate of 1.30 per 1,000 men and 3.28 per 1,000 women was found (males: manic-depressive psychosis 0.60, psychogenic depression 0.23 and neurotic depression 0.47; females: manic-depressive psychosis 1.00, psychogenic depression 0.88 and neurotic depression 1.40). The three diagnostic groups show differences in age distribution, geographical pattern and distribution by marital status.
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PMID:Incidence of depressive syndromes in a Danish county. The Aarhus County investigation. 111 23


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