Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visual average evoked responses (AERs) to four intensities of light were studied in hospitalized depressed patients receiving placebo, d-amphetamine, l-amphetamine, lithium and d- and l-amphetamine combined with lithium. For the assessment of the subjective effects of the drugs, the patients completed a 34-item mood and behavior self-rating scale. AER responses to repeated doses of the amphetamines were consistent within the same individual but varied greatly between different individuals. For the patient group considered as a whole, only minor AER changes occurred in response to either d- or l-amphetamine; nonetheless, these minor changes were attenuated by lithium co-administration. There were indications, however, that AER baseline measures could be used as predictors of change in self-rating due to both d- and l-amphetamine, as patients who had larger AER amplitudes on baseline also tended to have larger increases in activation ratings and reductions in depression ratings. The amount of increase in AER amplitude or amplitude/intensity slope seen with amphetamine was also significantly correlated with the amount of increase in activation or euphoria ratings with amphetamine administration. These effects were most prominent in the same P100 component that we have previously found to differentiate bipolar and unipolar depressed patient groups.
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PMID:Individual differences in average evoked responses to d- and l-amphetamine with and without lithium carbonate in depressed patients. 40 63

A patient with unusually regular and rapid switches from mania to depression was studied for 113 consecutive days through five switches. Average evoked responses (AERs) to four intesities of light were recorded from vertex and occipital leads; telemetered activity records and behavioral ratings were also collected. Late AER components (P200) tended to change amplitude synchronously with the switches, vertex P200 amplitude decreased and occipital P200 amplitude increased in mania. Urinary MHPG changes paralleled the changes in P200 amplitude. Early AER components (P100) and especially the amplitude/intesity slope measures for P100 decreased about 8-10 days before a switch from depression to mania. Cross-spectral and linear regression analysis helped confirm these observations. The results, taken together with AER data in recent L-dopa studies, were consistent with catecholamine potentiation prior to the switch process from depression into mania.
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PMID:Average evoked responses in a rapidly cycling manic-depressive patient. 83 24

Conscious animals subjected to inspiratory flow-resistive loading augment respiratory drive [as measured by airway occlusion pressure (P100)] independently of changes in chemical drive. Past studies of anesthetized subjects, however, have failed to demonstrate this response, and investigators have concluded that its presence depends on a state of consciousness. We tested the hypothesis that respiratory depression due to anesthesia or endogenous opioids rather than unconsciousness per se was responsible for this observation. Miniature piglets were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and subjected to hyperoxic CO2 rebreathing trials with and without added inspiratory resistance, before and after treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone. Before naltrexone there was a parallel leftward shift in the occlusion pressure vs. PCO2 relationship without a change in slope (delta P100/delta PCO2). After naltrexone there was a 45.5 +/- 15% increase in slope with loading. Addition of incremental doses of pentobarbital markedly reduced this increase in slope. We conclude that anesthetized animals can demonstrate flow-resistive load compensation in the form of augmented neuromuscular output not due to increased chemical drive. Failure to observe this response in past studies may reflect respiratory depression due to the anesthetic agents employed.
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PMID:Occlusion pressure response to inspiratory flow-resistive loading in anesthetized swine. 176 73

The present study was designed to explore whether changes occur in psychophysiological variables in healthy women not suffering from premenstrual tension. Variations in electroencephalogram frequencies, reaction time, somatosensory evoked potentials, and nerve conduction velocity were examined in a sample of 30 women, in relation to scores from the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Trials and recordings were done weekly. EEG frequencies decreased before menstruation in all subjects. However, there were no significant changes for reaction time, nerve conduction velocity, HAMILTON nor State-Trait Anxiety scales associated with subperiods of the menstrual cycle. To explore the impact of anxiety, high and low anxiety groups were formed. The high anxiety group showed the highest scores in the A-Trait form, longer reaction time, enlarged latencies of the P100, but shorter nerve conduction velocity. Anxiety scores as well as reaction time increased during the premenstrual period only for the low anxiety group. The authors conclude that for some women premenstrual anxiety may be related to previous and continuous high levels of anxiety, which associated with some subtle neurological differences as compared with women who rated in low scores for anxiety.
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PMID:Relations between anxiety, psychophysiological variables and menstrual cycle in healthy women. 280 74

A double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial was conducted in which the efficacy of cyclandelate 1600 mg daily was compared with that of flunarizine 10mg daily in 40 patients (25 men and 15 women) with dementia of cerebrovascular origin. Parameters were assessed before treatment, and after 45 and 90 days of therapy. At 90 days, significant improvements were observed in patients given cyclandelate in measurements of P100 latency in the left eye, neurological impairment, dementia scores, ischaemia scores, Gottfries mental deterioration scale, Hamilton depression scores, short term visual memory, long term memory, Bender-Gestalt test and Koh's blocks test. In flunarizine recipients, improvements were observed in neurological impairment, ischaemia scores, Gottfries scale and Hamilton depression scores. Patients treated with cyclandelate showed significantly greater ameliorations in symptoms as assessed by the ischaemia scale, evoked visual potential, visual memory and Koh's block test compared with those given flunarizine. However, in none of the parameters was flunarizine superior to cyclandelate.
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PMID:Cyclandelate versus flunarizine. A double-blind study in a selected group of patients with dementia. 330 56

Ninety-one patients with forgetfulness, confusion and depression were referred for visual evoked potential and electroencephalographic investigation. The patients were subdivided, on clinical symptoms alone, into a group of 41 with evidence of dementia and a patient control group of 50 with effective disorders. A second control group of 30 normal volunteers of equivalent age was used. In dementia the P2 component of the flash visual evoked potential is delayed, while the pattern reversal P100 component is of normal latency. This unusual combination of results from the two different visual stimuli is shown to be more specific than either the electroencephalogram or computerised tomography in the diagnosis of dementia.
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PMID:The flash and pattern VEP as a diagnostic indicator of dementia. 395 62

In 32 patients with major depressive disorders according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), symptomatology was rated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) elicited by tactile fingertip stimuli were recorded at the vertex of the scalp. Patients were drug-free except for benzodiazepines. Amplitudes and amplitude/stimulus intensity slopes were adjusted to same sex, age, height, and weight. Uni-and multivariate correlations revealed associations between the N140-P200 amplitude and hypothyroidlike aspects of depression with symptoms such as poor appetite and indecisiveness, and between the P100-N140 slope and intrapunitive aspects of depression with symptoms such as negative self-evaluation and suicidal attempts. Neither attention level nor benzodiazepine medication were reflected in these relationships.
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PMID:Depression and somatosensory evoked potentials: II. Correlations between SEP and depressive phenomenology. 613 58

The depressant effects of four potent analgesics on the respiration were studied in 9 healthy young persons by determining the CO2 response (Read's method) and the mouth occlusion pressure (Whitelaw's method) before and after administration of the drugs and with or without interposition of additional inspiratory resistance (Rin). The analgesics tested were: Mr. 1268 = M1; pentazocine = M2; tramadol = M3; Mr. 1353 = M4. M1 and M2 induced a marked reduction in the ventilatory CO2 response (56.2 per cent +/- 21.8 for M1 and 53.8 per cent +/- 17.1 for M2). Interposition of Rin reduced the response to 43.9 per cent +/- 15.5 and 41.7 per cent +/- 17.3 respectively of the normal value. The occlusion pressure fell to 54.3 +/- 17 and 49.4 per cent +!- 22.2 respectively. After interposition of Rin the values were reduced 89 per cent +/- 27.3 and 79.9 +/- 29 respectively from the original value of 152.2 +!- 34.6. Administration of M3 or M4 did not significantly affect either the CO2 response or the occlusion pressure, nor had interposition of Rin any effect. M1 and M2 also induced changes in the ratio central stimulus P100/resultant flow (VT/Ti), viz.: M1 +/- SD: 77.1 per cent +/- 7.1; M2 +/- SD: 77.3 +/- 14.1. M3 and M4 had no significant effect M3 = 92.3 per cent +/- 9.1; M4 = 93.9 per cent +/- 13.3). The data indicate that the two methods make it possible to quantify that the two methods make it possible to quantify the respiratory depression induced by drugs and to differentiate between central respiratory depression and additional impairment of respiratory mechanics.
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PMID:[Effect of potent analgesics on the ventilatory CO2 response and on the mouth occlusion pressure (author's transl)]. 678 94

In nine healthy young patients ventilatory CO2-response curves and mouth-occlusion pressure were measured after peridural injection of 5 mg morphine hydrochloride diluted in 10 ml saline solution in the lumbar region. Patients were not premedicated. Prior to measurements lower extremity operations were performed under peridural anaesthesia. Five minutes after peridural morphine injection there was a slight reduction in ventilatory response to increasing CO2 (94.7% +!- 15%), which was even more pronounced one hour later (74.5% +/- 14.7%). Mouth occlusion pressure decreased to 86.7% +/- 27.4% after 5 min to 72.4% +/- 13.4% after 60 min. Changes in the relation of the central stimulus P100 to the resulting flow (VT/Ti) was 96.7% +/- 32.5% after 5 min and 95.0% +/- 31.4% after 60 min. These results demonstrate a central respiratory depression after peridural morphine injection with a consequent reduction in ventilatory CO2-response.
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PMID:[Peridural morphine-analgesia. II. Respiratory depression (author's transl)]. 678 50

Neurobehavioral and electrophysiologic studies were carried out to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on brain function. Fifty one non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were compared with 30 nondiabetic controls that are equally matched in age, sex and educational level. The aim of this study was to determine the change of brain function in diabetics, and to evaluate the correlation between brain function and clinical factors. The results showed: In the diabetic group, 'the Clinical Memory Test' performances on MQ, the five subtests were respectively lower than those of the controls. 'The Fourth Exception Test', 'the Motor Stability Test' and 'the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale' results were significantly disordered, too. The latencies of wave I, III, V of BAEP, wave N65 P100 N125 P160 of VEP, wave P1 N1 P2 N2 N3 P4 of SEP and the interpeak latency of I-V of BAEP were prolonged significantly compared with the controls. Within the diabetics, there was correlation between I-V interpeak latency of BAEP, P100 peak latency of VEP and serum creatinine. These results demonstrate that brain dysfunction are present in NIDDM, and these brain dysfunction correlate with the kidney function.
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PMID:[Decreased brain function in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 760 81


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