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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A conventional in vitro test assay was used to determine maximal bactericidal capabilities of human granulocytes. By means of a mathematical model the maximal phagocytosis and killing activity could be calculated for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa serving as test organisms. The evaluation allowed moreover the determination of the optimal bacterial load and also of critical bacterial concentrations leading to a complete depression of observable granulocyte killing functions. In contrast to other studies frozen suspensions of bacteria were used allowing the employment of identical microorganisms within a complete series of experiments. On average one granulocyte was found to ingest a maximum of 17 CFU of S. aureus with 9 CFU killed under optimal ratios of bacteria per granulocyte. For P. aeruginosa the granulocyte function reached peak values of 96 CFU ingested and 62 CFU killed per one granulocyte. The new assay might provide a highly reproducible method for clinical assessment of granulocyte dysfunctions in various diseases.
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PMID:Determination of maximal bactericidal activity in human granulocytes. 391 84

Using a model of uncomplicated burn injury in mice, we assayed the bone marrow and splenic production of granulocytes and macrophages after burn injury. The effects of burn size and burn wound excision and closure were studied. Using an in vitro quantitative clonal culture technique for granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC), myeloid precursors were directly assayed. Burns of a 10% body surface area were equal to burns of larger magnitude for effects on marrow and splenic granulocyte/macrophage production. The total peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were depressed at days 1 and 4 postburn but were elevated at days 8 and 12. Granulocytes, however, remained significantly increased at days 8 and 12. The bone marrow response to burning showed an initial depression in marrow cellularity on day 1 with return to normal values by days 8 and 12. The numbers of GM-CFC were significantly elevated on days 4-12 with a near threefold increase in the number of GM-CFC 12 days following burn injury. The splenic response to burn injury was characterized by a decrease in the splenic index on day 1 but then a persistent increase at days 8 and 12. Total splenic cellularity was depressed on day 1 but significantly increased at days 8 and 12. The total number of splenic GM-CFC was increased on days 4-12 with a 100-fold increase on day 8. The immediate or delayed excision of the burn wound did not alter marrow or splenic response to burning. We conclude that following a cutaneous injury there is a marked alteration in the generation of the phagocytic cells of the granulocyte and macrophage series and that this response is secondary to the wounding process.
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PMID:Effect of burn injury on granulocyte and macrophage production. 400 67

The effect of chrysotile asbestos exposure on bone marrow and immune parameters was examined in mice at 2, 12, and 26 weeks following a 3-day inhalation exposure. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the fibers were deposited primarily at alveolar duct bifurcations within the centriacinar region of the lung. Histological pulmonary changes were minimal, but by 26 weeks early asbestosis characterized by clusters of macrophages and minimal fibrosis were present in the centriacinar region of the lung. Lymphoproliferative responses, antibody levels, and number of plaque forming cells were not significantly altered in exposed mice. Pulmonary macrophages, but not peritoneal macrophages, showed evidence of activation in the chrysotile-exposed mice at 26 weeks following exposure. The most striking change was the depression of the number of bone marrow pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) which were lower at all three postexposure examinations. It is felt that the depression of bone marrow progenitors in asbestos-exposed mice may have relevance to the leukopenia reported in workers with occupational history of asbestos exposure.
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PMID:Bone marrow alterations induced in mice with inhalation of chrysotile asbestos. 632 13

The effect on respiratory burst of murine splenic cells after exposure to influenza viruses was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Infectious influenza A and B viruses considerably depressed the zymosan-induced CL response of the cells. Commercially available trivalent influenza virus vaccines also depressed CL activity. The whole-virus vaccine induced the greatest inhibition of the CL response, followed by the subunit and the split-virus vaccines. Virus-induced depression of CL was observed in the unseparated and in the granulocyte-enriched populations but no apparent effect was found in the lymphocyte-enriched populations. Prior sensitization of mice with representative, inactivated prototype strains of human influenza A and B viruses depressed the moderate CL induced by infectious influenza viruses. These results indicate that both infectious and inactivated influenza viruses impair the generation of the respiratory burst.
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PMID:Depression of chemiluminescence response in mouse spleen cells by infective and inactivated influenza virus. 647 54

Reports from different laboratories on effects of different antibiotics on host defence are often hard to compare because of differences in experimental design. The purpose of this presentation was to describe the effect of many different antibiotics with the same standardized techniques. E. coli and S. aureus pre-exposed to different beta-lactam antibiotics or gentamicin in subinhibitory concentrations were more susceptible to phagocytosis and killing by granulocytes than non-treated bacteria. A markedly depressed chemotaxis was detected when human leucocytes were incubated with fusidic acid and rifampicin in clinically obtainable concentration and well absorbed tetracyclines at high concentrations. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into a trichloracetic-acid insoluble form by human neutrophils was markedly depressed by the same antibiotics. Many other antibiotics did not inhibit granulocyte or lymphocyte functions. At therapeutic concentrations fusidic acid and rifampicin had a pronounced inhibition effect on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by human T-lymphocytes stimulated by PHA and B-lymphocytes by S. aureus, Cowan I. At concentrations above the therapeutic level, inhibition was detected for doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and nitrofurantoin. Due to high albumin binding for some of the tested antibiotics and other factors involved, experiments were performed to test whether depression also takes place in vivo. The cellular immunity in mice was registered by monitoring the survival of transplanted heart grafts. Rifampicin at human therapeutic dose had a strong inhibiting effect (p less than 0.001) on the rejection of heart grafts. The effect of doxycycline (2.5 mg/kg/day) and fusidic acid (25 mg/kg/day) was slight but significant (p less than 0.02).
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PMID:Antimicrobial agents and host defence. 659 18

The chemotactic responsiveness of granulocytes obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis was compared to granulocytes from healthy individuals, using the LMAT (Leukocyte Migration Under Agarose Technique). A depression of chemotaxis found in ulcerative colitis patients was seen to be related to the disease activity. This reduction in granulocyte migration could not be corrected by preincubation of cell suspensions with tinidazole. The pattern observed for granulocyte chemotaxis in ulcerative colitis was discussed with reference to use as an aid in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Granulocyte chemotaxis in ulcerative colitis. 671 11

Under the influence of a selective irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), early hematopoiesis was enhanced. In the bone marrow, the absolute number of cells that give rise to spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice (CFU-S), granulocytic colonies in diffusion chambers in mice (CFU-DG), and granulocyte-monocyte colonies in agar in vitro (CFU-C) was increased 2-4 fold. This could be abrogated by administration of putrescine, confirming the association of the stimulatory effect with polyamine biosynthesis most likely via depression of ornithine decarboxylase activity and subsequent synthesis of putrescine. Analysis of cell cycle characteristics by 3H-TdR suicide technique demonstrated that the proportion of CFU-S, CFU-DG, and CFU-C in S-phase was significantly increased. Additionally, the stimulatory effect was reflected by enhanced colony formation in diffusion chambers implanted intraperitoneally in mice receiving DFMO. This could also be eliminated by treatment of the host animal with putrescine, again suggesting that polyamine biosynthesis plays an important role at the early stages of hematopoiesis in vivo. Effect of DFMO on colony formation in vitro (CFU-C) was inhibitory and not reversible with putrescine. It could be partially eliminated by aminoguanidine, which neutralizes diamine oxidase present in fetal calf serum used in the CFU-C assay. These data suggest that the effect of DFMO in vitro was nonspecific.
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PMID:The role of polyamine biosynthesis in hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation in mice. 683 Oct 37

An overdose of CCNU (600 mg over a 15-d period) was unintentionally ingested by a patient with advanced Hodgkin's disease subjected to combination chemotherapy. A severe bone marrow depression occurred 3 weeks after the start of the CCNU treatment. The nadir of the platelet count was reached after 4 weeks and that of the granulocyte count after 5 weeks. At the nadir of the white blood cell count, colony-forming cells (CFU-C) were found in significantly reduced numbers in the bone marrow, and were not found at all in the peripheral blood; the amount of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) produced by peripheral blood cells was reduced. However, the cells producing CSA recovered earlier than the CFU-C, and the CSA peak value was reached about 1 week before the peak value for CFU-C in the bone marrow. Thus, in vivo CSA-producing cells appeared to be more resistant to CCNU than were CFU-C, and their recovery appeared to be a prerequisite for the recovery of CFU-C and myelopoietic cells.
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PMID:CCNU toxicity after an overdose in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Effects on colony-forming cells (CFU-C) and colony-stimulating activity (CSA). 686 12

The effect of antibacterial agents on human lymphocyte chemotaxis, phagocytic capacity, protein synthesis and the relation between morphologic and functional changes induced by antibacterial agents was studied. A significant depression of chemotaxis measured with an agarose gel technique was detected when human leukocytes were incubated with fusidic acid and rifampicin in clinically obtainable concentrations. The newer, well absorbed tetracyclines depressed chemotaxis at high concentrations, but a less pronounced inhibition was detected with classical tetracycline. The incorporation by human neutrophils of 14C-leucine into a trichloroacid insoluble fraction was markedly depressed by the same antibiotics, and it is suggested that some antibiotics acting by inhibition of protein synthesis also affect chemotaxis of human neutrophils. Doxycycline, but not lymecycline, initially decreased granulocyte adherence to glass surfaces. After 20 min of incubation granulocytes treated with both doxycycline and lymecycline adhered in higher numbers than control cells. Human leukocytes incubated with tetracycline hydrochloride or doxycycline in vitro showed a decreased capacity to phagocytize yeast and bacteria. Furthermore, leukocytes harvested from healthy volunteers after ingestion of tetracycline also demonstrated decreased phagocytic capacity. Scanning electron micrographic studies showed changed surface morphology for granulocytes incubated with tetracyclines, which might explain the changed adherence and phagocytosis by tetracycline-treated cells.
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PMID:The effect of antibacterial agents on the association between bacteria and leukocytes. 695 28

Three preadipocyte cell lines that have been independently derived from bone marrow stroma (Lanotte et al, 1982) have been tested for their capacity to produce granulocyte, macrophage, and erythroid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). All elaborated colony-stimulating material that was active upon adult mouse marrow granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (M-CFC) but not foetal liver GM-CFC. The major activity was characterised as a monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the pattern of colony stimulation was similar to that seen after addition of highly purified L-cell CSF. Furthermore, the stimulating activity was specifically neutralised by rabbit anti-L cell CSF antibodies. No evidence was found for stimulation of multipotential or erythroid colony-forming cells, only few granulocytic colonies were detected, and the stimulating activity had no mouse strain restriction. All cell lines produced large quantities of M-CSF; however, the production was found to be modulated during the adipogenesis process. A peak in M-CSF production corresponded to the period of growth arrest after confluence of the stromal cells was reached and when adipocyte maturation was at an early stage. A marked depression in M-CSF secretion was associated with the final steps of adipocyte maturation.
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PMID:Production of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor by preadipocyte cell lines derived from murine marrow stroma. 698 Aug 87


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