Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the work was to specify the possibilities of the use of the enzymes of mediator metabolism: monoamine oxidase (MAO) of platelets, amine oxidase (AO) of serum and acetyl cholinesterase (ACE) of red blood cells to estimate the structure of depressions and to predict their therapeutic dynamics. 32 patients in the depressive phase of MDP were examined. There were 28 women and 4 men aged 22 to 50 years. The monopolar type was recorded in 28 patients, the bipolar one in 4 (all women). The total disease duration amounts to 0.5-17 years; depression may last from 2 months to 4 years. Depending on the type of the dominant affect the patients were distributed into 2 groups (10 persons had melancholic and 22 anxious depression). It has been shown that activity of platelet MAO and serum AO was significantly higher in anxious than in melancholic depression. An interrelationship was established between activity of these enzymes before treatment and prognosis of the treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. Activation of the enzymes during therapy was parallelled by positive clinical changes. Activity of platelet MAO turned out most significant in terms of prognosis. The data obtained are analyzed from the standpoint of regarding depression as a stressful condition, with the participation of the neurohormonal axis: the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal cortex.
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PMID:[Significance of various enzymes of mediator metabolism for evaluation of depression and therapeutic prognosis]. 131 64

As many as 21 patients with endogenous depressions were examined by the "individual minute" method 3 times a day during hospital treatment with tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics. MDP patients had an anxious type of depressive affect, those with schizophrenia had anxious and uneasy types. In the anxious type of depressive affect, the "individual minute" was considerably shortened at the study onset; in the uneasy type, it was similar to normal. In patients with MDP, normalization of the "individual minute" was seen during reduction of depression (at r = -0.63). In schizophrenic patients, the short "individual minute" underwent little changes in the course of the clinical state improvement and depression was refractory to the treatment. The data obtained may be of importance in studying chronobiology of endogenous depressions.
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PMID:[Reproduction of the minute time interval in depression in patients with schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis]. 164 89

In 79 patients with endogenous depressions (66 MDP and 13 circular schizophrenic patients) which received high doses of tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline in agitated forms and melipramine++ in inhibited ones) that remained ineffective for at least one month, hemosorption (HS; 39 patients) or ECT (40 patients) were randomly applied. The overall efficiency of HS and ECT was 53.8% and 60%, respectively. The efficiency of HS was substantially higher than that of ECT in the cases with dominant obsessive-phobic symptoms in depression. The reverse relation was observed in the cases with dominant anxious-delirious symptoms. In order to determine the predictors of the efficiency of the therapies, the stepwise discriminant analysis was used and the linear discriminant function equations were derived for HS and ECT involving 11 and 8 parameters, respectively. Correlation coefficients between predicted and de-facto therapeutic effects determined in an additional test group of 20 patients were 0.63 for HS and 0.88 for ECT. This is important in terms of directing a practitioner toward one or another technique with due respect for the individual differential therapeutic prediction of its result.
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PMID:[Comparative effectiveness of detoxification hemosorption and electroconvulsive therapy in patients with endogenous depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants]. 165 Jan 4

Dauricine (Dau) 1-30 mumol/L produced the concentration-dependent depression of APA, Vmax, MDP, and RP, and prolongations of APD90 of Purkinje fibers (PF) and epicardial ventricular muscles (VM) from both infarcted and non-infarcted zones. The ERP was lengthened only in non-ischemic PF and VM, and APD50 in non-ischemic PF, non- and ischemic VM. The prolonging effects of Dau on APD and ERP of ischemic PF were much less than those of non-ischemic ones, and its depressing effect on the Vmax of ischemic VM was markedly greater than that of non-ischemic VM. The results suggest that Dau exerts its anti-arrhythmic effect through further depressing conduction of ischemic zone.
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PMID:Effects of dauricine on transmembrane potential of ischemic and non-ischemic Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscles from infarcted canine hearts. 213 Jun 14

The hypothesis concerning a non-homogeneous disorder of the emotional sphere in schizophrenic patients has been experimentally tested. It has been demonstrated that signs of emotional depletion and depression in schizophrenic patients were predominantly expressed in deficiency of positive emotions whereas negative ones were relatively intact. Defect of positive emotions in these patients is manifested in diminution of the accuracy of assessing one's own emotions and emotiogenic situations of a positive nature and in a reduced impact of positive emotions on one's activities. In contrast to schizophrenics, emotion-related changes in patients with endogenic depressions (MDP, cyclothymia) were characterized by a predominant impairment of negative emotions. The results of the study are interpreted as signs of "deficit of positive emotions" specific of schizophrenic patients with emotional defect.
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PMID:[Comparative analysis of disorders of positive emotions in schizophrenic patients with defect traits and patients with endogenous depression]. 382 71

In order to find out whether the finding of different prevalence rates for depression in rural and urban areas of India is supported by a difference in symptomatology as well, 30 rural and 42 urban hospitalized MDP-Depressed patients were compared on Hamilton Depression Scale and Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Patients with Depressive Disorders. Symptoms of guilt, loss of concentration and memory were significantly more in urban patients whereas gastrointestinal somatic symptoms were significantly higher in rural subjects. The difference is probably due to urban subjects being more sophisticated, expressive and familiar with mental disorders as compared to rural patients who being more familiar with somatic illnesses tend to somatize their psychic distress.
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PMID:Depressive disorders in the developing world. 404 56

A prospective study of the development of necrosis of the femoral head was performed in 34 patients with fractures of the femoral neck. Technetium-99m MDP images of the hip regions were obtained immediately after nailing of the hip and at four, eight and 12 months. There was a good correlation between qualitative and numeric evaluation of isotope uptake in the femoral heads. Comparison of the activity level in the femoral head on the fracture side with that in the contralateral control site showed activity ratios to vary between < 1.0 for those heads showing a general reduction in activity on conventional images to > 1.4 with a mean of 2.0 for those showing increased activity. The initial postoperative images in 2/7 undislocated fractures showed a marked depression in femoral head activity on the fracture side; 13/21 dislocated fractures showed a similar defect suggesting a significant loss of bone remodeling. Normal Tc-99m activity in the femoral head (category 2) was observed in two fracture cases imaged within 24 hours of fracture, just prior to nailing. Repeat studies within one week of fracture and nailing demonstrated a marked depression in activity (category 0). Radiographic evidence of collapse later developed in both patients. The perfusion and blood pool images were useful for identifying femoral heads with deficient circulation. This investigation has demonstrated that the nailing procedure may threaten the vascular condition of the femoral head in hip fracture, that a dead head may be radiographically normal and clinically asymptomatic, and that the metabolic condition of the femoral head may be expressed in numeric terms suitable for statistical analysis.
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PMID:Dynamics of Technetium-99m methylenediphosphonate imaging of the femoral head after hip fracture. 644 42

The influence of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) on the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. The effect of MDP depends on the relative doses of antigen and adjuvant and on the timing of adjuvant addition. For a given concentration of antigen, when SRBC and MDP were simultaneously injected in the i.v. route, MDP led to an enhancement of the response; in contrast, when antigen was injected i.p., a depression of the PFC response was observed. In vitro, the same duality of effect was obtained, for the same spleen cell concentration; addition of MDP led to a stimulation of the response when cultures were set in petri dishes and to an important decrease in the response when cultures were set up in plastic tubes. This inhibitory effect of MDP did not appear when it was added one night after the initiation of the cultures. These contrasting results confirm the adjuvant properties of MDP, but they show that under certain conditions, MDP can stimulate suppressive processes.
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PMID:Opposite effects of the synthetic adjuvant N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine on the immune response in mice depending on experimental conditions. 699 38

Month of admission data to psychiatric facilities in New South Wales, 1971-76, were examined for some 23,000 patients with a depressive disorder to determine if seasonal variations in admissions, described in the northern hemisphere, exist there. In addition, data were examined on month of occurrence of some 3,000 deaths due to suicide and self-inflicted injury, over the same period. Seasonality was demonstrated for three 'psychotic' depressive disorders, but not found for neurotic depression, further supporting the binary view of depression. A peak incidence in spring was found for MDP-mania and reactive depressive psychosis, while the peak incidence for MDP-depression was was in late winter. It is suggested that the increase in certain affective disorders around spring may follow a rapid increase in luminance, and in stimulation of the pineal gland. Suicidal deaths of males did not show significant seasonality, while those of females showed two incidence peaks, the significant one occurring in spring.
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PMID:Seasonal variation in depressive disorders and suicidal deaths in New South Wales. 710 54

There is evidence that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may protect against cardiovascular diseases, but the involvement of the cardiac muscle cell in this beneficial action remain largely unknown. The present study compared the respective influence of n-3 and n-6 PUFA on the function of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM). Cells were grown for 4 days in media enriched either n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) or n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA) PUFA. The PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio in the phospholipids was close to 1 and 20 in the n-3 and n-6 cells, respectively. The transmembrane potentials were recorded using microelectrodes and the contractions were monitored with a photoelectric device. In physiological conditions, the increase of n-6 PUFA level in the phospholipids resulted in a significant decrease in the maximal rate of initial depolarization (-16%). In opposition, the action potential amplitude and duration were not altered, and the cell contraction outline was not affected. Ischemia was simulated in vitro using a substrate-free, hypoxia-reoxygenation procedure in a specially designed gas-flow chamber. The progressive loss of electrical activity induced by the substrate-free, hypoxic treatment was affected by the n-6/n-3 ratio, since the n-6 rich CM displayed a slower depression of the AP amplitude and duration parameters. Conversely, the recovery of the resting potential (MDP) during reoxygenation was faster in n-3 CM, whereas the recovery of the contraction parameters was unaffected by the fatty acid composition of the cells. These results suggested that, in physiological conditions, the modification of long chain PUFA balance in the phospholipids of cardiac muscle cells may modulate the initial AP upstroke, which is governed by sodium channels. Moreover, the presence of n-3 PUFA appeared to accelerate the electrical depression during substrate-free hypoxia but in turn to allow a faster recovery upon reoxygenation.
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PMID:Influence of phospholipid long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition on neonatal rat cardiomyocyte function in physiological conditions and during glucose-free hypoxia-reoxygenation. 935 58


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