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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study undertook to compare the efficacy of dibenzepin and amitriptyline in the treatment of endogenous depression. The outcome of the study was that both drugs appear to be equally effective in the treatment of depression, but dibenzepin was more efficient in reducing associated anxiety. Both drugs are appropriate to the treatment of psychotic depression, and work equally rapid. There was also a tendency for dibenzepin to elicit less intense side effects.
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PMID:A double blind study of the antidepressants dibenzepin (Noveril) and amitriptyline. 0 49

Two cases of recurrent psychotic depression are reported in which ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) was administered with good results for previous episodes of depression, but treatment of the current episode with combined drug therapy (antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs) in one case and antidepressant chemotherapy in the other resulted in failure to improve. The patients were transferred to another facility, and improved when ECT was administered. Pertinent literature on ECT and drug treatment of depression is reviewed, and the conditions for which ECT is probably the treatment of choice are enumerated.
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PMID:ECT in the treatment of recurrent psychotic depression. 3 90

A retrospective chart review of 54 patients demonstrating depression with psychotic symptoms was accomplished with the use of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for diagnosis of psychotic major affective disorder. Patients received adequate trials of either tricyclic antidepressants alone, antipsychotics, the two in combination, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Antidepressants alone were found to be ineffective or only partially effective in treating psychotic depression unless somatic or depressive declusions were the only psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics alone were usually effective in providing at least a partial response, particularly with psychotic symptoms. Excellent responses of the depressive and psychotic elements were provided with ECT, ECT with antipsychotic medication, and the combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. These latter treatments may be the most appropriate for depression with psychotic features.
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PMID:The treatment of psychotic major depressive disorder with drugs and electroconvulsive therapy. 4 82

Maprotiline (Ludiomil) and doxepin were compared in the treatment of depression in a double-blind multicentre trial. Four centres and 95 in- and out-patients took part in the trial. The severity of depression was evaluated with the aid of a visual analogue scale and nine target symptoms. Both maprotiline and doxepin diminished neurotic as well as psychotic depression significantly. The mean time of onset of action was 7.0 days in the maprotiline group and 7.7 days in the doxepin group. No statistically significant differences in antidepressive effect were found between the treatments. Two patients in the maprotiline group and four patients in the doxepin group discontinued the treatment because of unwanted effects, one patient in each group because of lack of efficacy and nine patients due to reasons not related to the treatment.
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PMID:Maprotiline and doxepin in the treatment of depression. A double-glind multicentre comparison. 34 85

Depressive syndromes are common disorders. They can be severely disabling and, too often, may lead to suicide. Pharmacological attempts to relieve depression have a long history. However, it was the development of monoaminooxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants which first provided truly effective antidepressants for medical use. Antidepressants, coupled with supportive therapy can usually accelerate improvement, diminish the intensity of symptoms and reduce the danger of suicide. The lithium salts lead to a better prognosis of many patients suffering from psychotic depression and promote social adjustment and occupational rehabilitation. Especially the tricyclic antidepressants are anything but ideal. They are slow-acting, have side effects, can cause fatal overdoses, and do not help every patient. In the course of an ideal antidepressant therapy a more immediate onset of drug action could decrease the risk of suicide and diminish the severe life disruptions that long illnesses can cause. Less toxic medications could also decrease their utilization for suicide attempts.
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PMID:[Psychotic depression: therapy, prevention, side effects, patient information and prognosis]. 49 65

The term "depression" is used to describe a normal mood, a medical symptom, and a collection of psychiatric symptoms. As a normal mood, depression is a common human reaction to a significant loss; as a medical term, it is also used to describe the sadness seen in patients who have other severe medical and psychiatric disorders. Most often, however, "depression" refers to a group of psychiatric syndromes or illnesses with well defined symptoms only one of which is sadness. Depression syndromes are probably universal. There are accounts of depressive illness throughout history from almost every human society. The universality of depressive illness is also reflected in the frequency of depression as a theme of the world's great literature. Studies of the biochemical correlates of psychotic depression have focused on two major hypotheses. The first proposes that affective disorders result from functional changes in the central noradrenergic systems. The second postulates that the primary abnormality is in central serotonergic pathways. These two hypotheses are supported by the pharmacological effects of antidepressant drugs.
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PMID:[Psychotic depression. 1. Classification, etio-pathophysiology, epidemiology, sympatomatology, diagnosis]. 53 48

Ten patients with psychotic depression were assessed on a battery of clinical, EEG, psychological, and biochemical measures during treatment with imipramine (150 mg/day). Significant changes occurred in the scores on self-rated and observer-rated depression scales and on an observer-rated side effect scale. Significant changes also occurred in the EEG evoked response, but the effects on spontaneous activity were minimal. The psychological measures revealed an improvement in performance as treatment progressed. The clinical significance of the changes observed was assessed with reference to their correlations with the clinical rating scores and with the plasma concentrations of imipramine and desmethylimipramine, and the changes observed following the administration of imipramine to non-depressed normal subjects. Changes in evoked EEG activity seemed on balance to be direct central effects of imipramine, whereas changes in psychological performance appeared to be secondary to clinical change.
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PMID:The electroencephalographic and psychological effects of imipramine in depressed inpatients. 59 6

A young woman, whose psychiatric history covered 16 years, has been treated several times as in-patient for psychotic depression, which were finally cured with thyroid replacement therapy. Recent reports of the connection between depression and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are discussed. The authors question the suggestion that selective pituitary insufficiency and a defect in TSH release on TRF loading are rare phenomena.
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PMID:Myxedematous madness without myxedema. Selective defect of TSH release on TRF loading in a young woman with a history of severe depressive illness cured with thryoid hormone replacement therapy. 81 76

Depressive states can appear in different phases of life. They differ in their phenomenology according to type, dynamics and power of the etiologic factors, as well as to the moment of their appearance in a child's life. Therefore, depressive syndromes during infancy and childhood are very diverse. Depression in childhood is psychopathologically more complex than it is in adulthood, because it occurs in a developing organism. A differential typologic order according to nosologic aspects is difficult to establish. A division into psychogen-reactive, neurotic, organic, structural and endogenous-psychotic depression is only an attempt toward a rough orientation. Contrary to depressive illnesses in adulthood, anaclitic, reactive and neurotic depressions are most frequent in childhood. They are always due to inconvenient relations to and identification with the significant other of the child. There are dynamic interrelations between the different depressive states in childhood. Already in the early phases of development, the foundations are laid for the possible later development in melancholia.
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PMID:[Juvenile depressive syndromes]. 85 1

Although ECT as the treatment of choice for psychotic depression has been in use for many years, little is known about the neocortical residual of such treatments inferred from behavioral measures. The major portion of the literature has been concerned with inferred or observed changes in affective state. The present study compared pre- and posttreatment performances on the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery of 20 patients who were receiving ECT from two different machines. Most Ss gave indicators of cerebral impairment prior to treatment when performance of one side of the body was contrasted with performance of the other side. After treatment, there was an increased number of Ss who evidenced signs consistent with damage to the right cerebral hemisphere. Some concern was raised that a large number of patients who eventually are subject ot ECT because of depression behave in this way because of an undiagnosed neocortical dysfunction. There is some suggestion that the effect of the procedure is to either create or intensify a right hemisphere focus as inferred from behavioral measures.
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PMID:Neuropsychological effects of electroconvulsive therapy. 89 15


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