Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depression and sexual dysfunction have been related to side effects of topical beta-blockers. We performed a preliminary study in order to determine any difference between a non selective beta-blocker (timolol) and a selective beta-blocker (betaxolol) regarding CNS side effects. Eight glaucomatous patients chronically treated with timolol 0.5%/12h, suffering from depression diagnosed through DMS-III-R criteria, were included in the study. During the six-month follow up, depression was quantified through the Beck and Zung-Conde scales every two months. In a double blind cross-over study with control group, the patients under timolol treatment presented higher depression values measured through the Beck and the Zung-Conde scales (p < 0.001 vs control). These results suggest that betaxolol could be less of a depression-inducer than timolol in predisposed patients.
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PMID:Changes in depressive status associated with topical beta-blockers. 142 68

In this study, we have measured the following biological variables in 78 depressed inpatients: adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) responses to corticotropin releasing factor (CRH: 100 micrograms intravenously), postdexamethasone cortisol and ACTH values, and circulating concentrations of L-tryptophan (L-TRP). Patients were categorized according to the DMS-III as (1) minor depression, (2) simple major depression, and (3) major depression with melancholia/psychotic features. By means of various pattern recognition methods, we determined whether these diagnostic groups constitute discrete biological classes or form relevant stages (i.e., continuous categories) in a continuum of progressing biological dysfunction. We established that unipolar depression constitutes one biological continuum characterized by a progression of lower CRH-induced ACTH responses, lower L-TRP levels, and higher postdexamethasone cortisol and ACTH values along the diagnostic spectrum. However, the biological differences in these markers between melancholia and minor depression are quantitatively prominent to the extent that they become qualitative. These findings support the biological heterogeneity hypothesis of melancholia. Simple major depression is a heterogeneous class with regard to the biological markers employed.
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PMID:Biological heterogeneity of melancholia: results of pattern recognition methods. 165 16

The study was carried out on 24 patients suffering from mild to moderate dementia. The diagnosis of dementia was made according to DMS III criteria. Patients with cerebrovascular pathologies were excluded by using Hachinski Ischaemic Score less than or equal to 4 and computerized tomography parameters. Patients with depression (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression greater than or equal to 18) were excluded. All the patients, after a wash-out period of two weeks were treated on a simple blind method with acetyl-L-carnitine (No. = 12 patients) and piracetam (12 patients) by intravenous route (two weeks) followed by an oral one for further 10 weeks. A battery of clinical neuropsychological tests was applied to evaluate the cognitive, attentive and behavioural aspects. The results, analysed by non-parametric variance analysis (Friedman Test) show a statistically significant improvement of the behavioural profile, of attention and of psychomotricity in the patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitine. No significant improvement was found in the piracetam group.
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PMID:Neuropsychological changes in demented patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitine. 238 65

We compared aerobic with nonaerobic forms of exercise in the treatment of clinical depression. Ninety-nine inpatients, who met the DMS-III-R criteria for major depression, dysthymic disorder, or depressive disorder not otherwise specified (NOS), took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to two different physical training conditions, aerobic and nonaerobic. In both conditions, one hour of training was performed three times a week for a period of 8 weeks. There was a significant increase in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in the aerobic group; there was no change in the nonaerobic group regarding this variable. Depression scores in both groups were significantly reduced during the study, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The correlation between increase in physical fitness and reduction in depression scores was low. The study indicates that the antidepressive effects associated with exercises are not restricted to aerobic forms of training.
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PMID:Comparing aerobic with nonaerobic forms of exercise in the treatment of clinical depression: a randomized trial. 266 82

One hundred ninety-four nonmelancholic depressed outpatients with features of atypical depression took part in a 6-week randomized trial of imipramine hydrochloride, phenelzine sulfate, and placebo. Their courses of illness were also rated for chronicity. Significantly more patients responded to phenelzine (71%) than to imipramine (48%), which benefited significantly more patients than placebo (26%). Both chronicity and DMS-III diagnosis predicted response on several outcome measures. For example, patients with dysthymic disorder responded better to treatment than did those with major depression, suggesting that dysthymic disorder can be treated with medication. Placebo response correlated inversely with chronicity, regardless of DMS-III diagnosis. Atypical depression and longitudinal course of illness may add to the usefulness of DMS-III depressive diagnosis as a predictor of antidepressant response.
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PMID:Relevance of DMS-III depressive subtype and chronicity of antidepressant efficacy in atypical depression. Differential response to phenelzine, imipramine, and placebo. 268 75

Seventy five patients, diagnosed according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DMS III ("unipolar", Major depression, single or recurrent, with or without melancholia) were treated, in a double-blind fashion, with either moclobemide, imipramine or placebo, during six weeks. The three treatment groups were homogeneous as far as demographic and clinical characteristics were concerned. Patients were in their forties, predominantly females and with long lasting (more than six months) episodes of moderate or severe depressions. From day seven onwards most patients took moclobemide 600 mg/d, imipramine 200 mg/d or 6 caps/d of placebo; only two cases took lower dosages due to intolerance. There were eleven drop-outs, evenly scattered among the three groups. Outcome assessed by means of the Hamilton Scale for Depression and Global Efficacy Evaluations showed a very significant superiority of the two active drugs over placebo. The efficacy of the two drugs was comparable. Side effects were significantly more frequent and more severe in the imipramine group. The tolerability of moclobemide was similar to placebo. These findings are discussed in relation to methodological issues. They point to the conclusion, that moclobemide may be the true "second generation antidepressant", comparably efficacious to the traditional compounds, producing far less side-effects, and because it is reversible, not requiring dietary or drug restrictions in clinical practice.
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PMID:Moclobemide, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of major depression (DSM III). 279 94

This retrospective review of medical records was designed to address three questions: 1) Can the depression seen in some patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) be successfully treated? 2) Does this treatment lead to any long-term improvement in the patient's cognitive status? and 3) Do patients with coexisting DAT and depression have a different long-term clinical course than nondepressed DAT patients? In the authors' sample of 131 DAT subjects, 41 (31%) also met DMS-III criteria for a major affective disorder. Of those DAT plus depression patients whose records reflected treatment (usually with a tricyclic antidepressant), 85% (17 of 20) showed clear evidence of improvement in mood, vegetative signs, or activities of daily living (ADLs) based on review of the medical record. An analysis of change in cognitive function (measured by the Folstein Mini-Mental State) and five global measures failed to reveal any differences between the depressed and nondepressed groups after a mean interval of 17 months. The depression that occurs in approximately one-quarter to one-third of DAT patients appears to respond to appropriate therapy. These patients often show improvement in their mood and ADLs but remain demented.
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PMID:Dementia of the Alzheimer's type and depression. 378 98

Both plasmatic and salivary DST were simultaneously performed on a sample of 37 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DMS III criteria): 22 primary depressions and 15 secondary depressions. Salivary DST showed a similar specificity but a decreased sensitivity in comparison with plasmatic DST. Essentially, the simultaneous use of both tests resulted in a better specificity for primary depression.
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PMID:[Plasma and saliva DST (dexamethasone suppression test) in depression. Clinical applications and kinetic approach]. 652 34

Twenty-four out-patients with globus were assessed for current and past psychiatric illness with the 'Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Anxiety' version. Patients then received amitriptyline or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Treatment outcome was assessed using an inventory of throat symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State Anxiety Scale, Crown-Crisp Experimental Index and General Health Questionnaire. Nine patients met the DMS-III criteria for psychiatric disorder in the past; six had suffered from panic disorder. Two further patients had been troubled by classic panic attacks. Nine of the 12 patients treated with amitriptyline and two of the placebo group discontinued treatment. In conclusion, clinical and psychometric associations were found between pathological anxiety and globus, and it appears that the recommendation that globus be treated 'aggressively' with tricyclic antidepressants is likely to lead to a high proportion of treatment failures.
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PMID:Problems in treating globus pharyngis. 817 3

3258 randomly selected adult household residents of the city of Edmonton were interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Using DMS-III criteria, hierarchy-free, the lifetime prevalence for all phobias was 8.9%. Rates for women (11.7%) were almost twice those for men (6.1%). The age at which first phobic symptoms had been reported by 50% of subjects was 12 years for men and 6 years for women. High rates of comorbidity with depression, alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence and obsessive-compulsive disorder were found in all types of phobia, an important point in clinical management.
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PMID:Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Phobic disorders. 817 83


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