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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nociceptive flexion reflexes of the lower limbs (RIII responses) have been studied in 21 patients undergoing either epidural (DCS, n = 16) or transcutaneous (TENS, n = 5) analgesic neurostimulation (AN) for chronic intractable pain. Flexion reflex RIII was depressed or suppressed by AN in 11 patients (52.4%), while no modification was observed in 9 cases and a paradoxical increase during AN was evidenced in 1 case. In all but 2 patients, RIII changes were rapidly reversible after AN interruption. RIII depression was significantly associated with subjective pain relief, as assessed by conventional self-rating; moreover, in 2 patients it was possible to ameliorate the pain-suppressing effects of AN by selecting those stimulation parameters (intensity and frequency) that maximally depressed nociceptive reflex RIII. We recorded 2 cases of RIII attenuation after contralateral neurostimulation. AN appeared to affect nociceptive reflexes rather selectively, with no or very little effect on other cutaneous, non-nociceptive responses. Recording of RIII reflexes is relatively simple to implement as a routine paraclinical procedure. It facilitates the objective assessment of AN efficacy and may help to choose the most appropriate parameters of neurostimulation. In addition, RIII behavior in patients could be relevant to the understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in AN-induced pain relief.
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PMID:Nociceptive flexion reflexes during analgesic neurostimulation in man. 259 93

Nociceptive flexion reflexes (RIII) obtained by stimulation of sural nerve were studied in patients with intractable chronic pain before and after functional neurosurgery, either dorsal column stimulation (DCS, n = 15) or posterior selective rhizotomy in the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ, n = 5). Dynamic study of RIII at supraliminal levels provided direct, quantitative and replicable evidence of the inhibition of nociceptive spinal reflexes by DSC. The effects of DSC on the RIII were highly correlated with subjective pain relief. In non-collaborative patients it was still possible to select the best DCS parameters (frequency, intensity) as those providing maximal RIII depression. After posterior selective rhizotomy in the DREZ involving S1-S2 root levels postoperative evidence of selective extralemniscal lesioning could be assessed by the abolition or strong attenuation of nociceptive RIII, whereas preservation of the lemniscal pathways was evidenced by somatosensory evoked potentials. Routine recording of nociceptive reflexes in man proved to be a useful tool for the objective evaluation of anatomo-physiological effects of functional neurosurgical procedures.
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PMID:Clinical use of nociceptive flexion reflex recording in the evaluation of functional neurosurgical procedures. 278 75

The validity of the Children's Depression Scale and of its parent-report version were examined on a sample of normal and clinically referred adolescents. The CDS and CDS-A discriminated adequately between clinical and non-clinical Ss, as well as between depressed and non-depressed. Only the CDS discriminated between depressed and 'sad', i.e. parental report did not discriminate between these two groups. A high correlation was found between the CDS and the Children's Depression Inventory. Internal consistency of the scale was found to be adequate. However, no support was found for the subscale structure of the CDS as proposed by its authors.
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PMID:The Children's Depression Scale. A study of its validity. 406 16

Using male ICR mice, the LC50 and acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2, DCS) and the fate of DCS released into the air were investigated. DCS resolved and minute particles including silicon and chloride were observed, when DCS was released into the air. Most particles were under 1 micron in diameter. The LC50 of DCS at 4-h exposure was 144 ppm (nominal concentration). In the acute inhalation study, ten mice in each group were exposed to 64 ppm (nominal concentration) DCS for 1, 2, 4 or 8 h. Body weight loss, wheezing and piloerection were observed in mice exposed for 2 h or more. Histopathologically, injury to the nasal mucosa and trachea were observed in all exposed mice. Mice exposed to 32 ppm (nominal concentration) DCS for 2 or 4 weeks also exhibited depression of body weight gain, wheezing and piloerection. Squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa and tracheal epithelium was observed in both 2- and 4-week exposure groups. Exposure to DCS was irritant or corrosive to the respiratory tract with both acute and subacute inhalation. Apart from silane (SiH4), toxic effects of DCS seem to be characterized by chloride compounds derived from DCS.
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PMID:Acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of dichlorosilane in male ICR mice. 882 80

Self-appraisal of cognitive difficulties by a sample of 63 male patients with closed-head injury (CHI) was examined in relation to their performance on the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler, 1987), WAIS-R Digit Span (Wechsler, 1981), and to their scores on MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) measures of anxiety and depression. In an initial step, the Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS; McNair & Kahn, 1983), consisting of 39 self-report items, was factor analyzed using a sample of 255 consecutive neuropsychological referrals with documented brain impairment. Seven orthogonal dimensions emerged: Attention and Concentration, Orientation and Memory, Praxis, Domestic Activities, Facial Recognition, Task Efficiency, and Errand and Name Recall. Within a sample subset consisting of 63 patients with CHI, subjective complaints on the CDS were predictive of WMS-R Logical Memory performance (r = -.51, p < .0005). In contrast, CDS scores were generally poor predictors of Digit Span and Visual Reproduction scores (rs < .31). Cognitive complaints were also associated with emotional distress on the MMPI-2. The CDS appears to be a useful measure of self-appraised cognitive difficulties in patients with CHI, and may assist in the assessment of their self-reflective insight.
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PMID:Cognitive complaints in closed-head injury: relationship to memory test performance and emotional disturbance. 924 Apr 87

The thesis aims to answer the questions about the profile of mental ability in endogenous depression and to decide whether self-estimation of depressive symptoms influences the results achieved by patients in memory tests. Fifty six patients suffering from endogenous depression have been examined. The following methods have been applied: Mini Mental State Examination, Benton Visual Retention Test, Beck Depression Inventory, hold tests: Vocabulary, Information, Comprehension and Digit Span of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, DCS Weidlich. General status of cognitive functions correlates with the profile of specific kinds of memory results, particularly with delayed memory. Self-estimation of depressive symptoms intensity is mostly influenced by memory capacity, visuomotorial factor, functions of perception and lingual factor. High correlation between verbal and non verbal learning shows uniform influence of depression on the process of learning.
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PMID:[Memory processes in endogenous depression]. 964 Sep 87

Using data from an observational study of affective disorders, we describe the rates of transition among levels of antidepressant treatment for subjects with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and relate these changes to changes in clinical status. We report on the treatment received during the first 10 years of follow-up in the Collaborative Depression Study by 555 patients with a diagnosis of MDD of at least one month's duration. This work extends the initial examination of treatment received during the first eight weeks after entry into this study that showed depressed patients to be on low levels of treatment. Multiplicative intensity models which generalize survival analysis models were used to analyse these data. Description of the course of treatment of these depressed patients shows that low levels of treatment persist for these patients across subsequent episodes, and that these episodes, like the index one, are characterized by extended time in a symptomatic subcriterion state after acute symptoms have improved. These long-term descriptions of treatment support the initial hypothesis that these CDS patients were undertreated. The long-term tendency toward undertreatment seems to persist even as newer treatments become available and widely accepted in practice.
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PMID:Course of treatment received by depressed patients. 1036 89

The relationship between characteristics of benzodiazepine exposure and health-status was examined in order to investigate risk profiles of benzodiazepine users. In the only pharmacy of a Dutch community of 13,500 inhabitants, all current benzodiazepine users that presented with a benzodiazepine prescription in November 1994 were invited to participate. On the basis of the RAND-36 questionnaire, summary scores for both physical and mental health were calculated, the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS). After dichotomization with a cut-off point indicating seriously impaired health and after the combination of the PCS and MCS, four different categories of health status could be identified. We used logistic regression to study the relation between these four different groups with respect to benzodiazepine exposure. In total a group of 360 current benzodiazepine users was studied. Results showed that almost one-third of the participants had no significant impaired health; this group was further classified as reference group. We classified three other groups: one with physical problems (31%), one with mental problems (18%), and one with a combination of the two (22%). Multivariate analysis showed differences in risk factors for an impaired health status. The group with impaired physical health was associated with self-reported indication for muscle relaxation, hypnotic use, and a high CDS (Chronic Disease Score). The group with impaired mental health was associated with more frequent consulting of a mental health care specialist and with a low sense of self-efficacy. The group with both impaired physical as well as mental health was associated with a higher incidence of widowhood, a lower sense of self-efficacy, a high CDS, using benzodiazepines more than prescribed, and reporting depression as reason for their benzodiazepine use. In particular, two groups need critical examination: a group of apparently healthy users with long-term benzodiazepine use; and a frail group with impaired physical and mental health and using a higher dose than prescribed. Patient counseling and management of these four groups can be tailored to the specific needs of each group.
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PMID:Characteristics of current benzodiazepine users as indicators of differences in physical and mental health. 1102 63

N-terminal acetylation is the most common modification in eukaryotic proteins, affecting stability and activity of proteins. NatA is one of the N-terminal acetytransferases in yeast. It is composed of two subunits, NAT1 and ARD1. Defect in one of them leads to loss of activity of NatA. Null mutant of NAT1 in yeast exhibits a variety of phenotypes, including depression of a silent mating type locus (HML), failing to enter G(0) in poor nutrient situations and chromosomes instability. Based on homology of NAT1 between yeast and other organisms, the full-length CDS (coding sequence) of HNAT1 was cloned and sequenced. Result of in situ hybridization in testis of rat showed that expression of NAT1 was high and its expression was different in different phases of spermatogenesis. The gene may play an important role in spermatogenesis.
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PMID:[Cloning and analysis of a novel gene encoding N-terminal acetyltransferase subunit]. 1201 51

Depression in African-American women frequently goes unnoticed and untreated since commonly used depression scales fail to focus on early symptom recognition, do not address contextual factors, and lack adequate psychometric testing in African-American women. This analysis of the Depressive Cognition Scale was conducted with 213 African-American female caregivers and noncaregivers. Alpha coefficients for both groups (alpha 's = .75 and .87) showed internal consistency. Correlations with resourcefulness, depression, and daily hassles scales in the expected directions demonstrated construct validity (R's = -.36, .26, and .31, respectively). Factor structures for caregivers and noncaregivers differed, suggesting certain depressive cognitions were strongly integrated into the caregiver role. As a reliable and valid measure of depressive cognitions, the DCS would be useful for early detection of depression in African-American women.
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PMID:Psychometric characteristics of the Depressive Cognition Scale in African American women. 1261 30


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