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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lymphocyte delayed hypersensitivity response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG) was evaluated by two in vitro tests-leucocyte migration inhibition and DNA synthesis. Patients convalescing from HBsAG-positive hepatits showed the presence of a state of cell-mediated immune responsiveness to the antigen. In Indian childhood cirrhosis, there was a failure of response to HBsAG and a slight but significant depression of reaction to PHA. It is suggested that the lack of immune reactivity to HBsAG, perhaps determined genetically, may be a significant factor in the evolution of cirrhosis in Indian children.
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PMID:Lymphocyte response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Findings in hepatitis and Indian childhood cirrhosis. 81 95

The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.
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PMID:Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. 872 28

This study's purpose was to develop a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire, the Child-Adolescent Suicidal Potential Index (CASPI), to screen for risk for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Four hundred twenty-five child and adolescent psychiatric patients and nonpatients completed the CASPI and other research instruments to rate suicidal and assaultive behavior and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. The 30-item CASPI involves 3 factors (anxious-impulsive depression, suicidal ideation or acts, family distress) that contributed to a unidimensional 2nd-order factor accounting for 59% of the total variance. Internal consistency (alpha) for the total score was .90, and test-retest reliability (ICC) for the total score was .76. Total score distinguished between children and adolescents with different severity of psychopathology and different levels of suicidal and assaultive behavior. Each of the 3 factors had different contributions to discriminating between levels of suicidal status. CASPI total score of 11 distinguished suicidal ideation or acts from nonsuicidal behavior, with sensitivity 70% and specificity 65%. CASPI total score positively correlated with symptom severity of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness.
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PMID:Child-Adolescent Suicidal Potential Index (CASPI): a screen for risk for early onset suicidal behavior. 1102 Nov 54

This study aimed to validate the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in the Malaysian urological population. Reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Responsiveness was expressed as the effect size. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha value = 0.56 to 0.87). Test-retest correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were significant (ICC = 0.56 to 0.87) and a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The BDI is thus a reliable and a valid instrument to be used in Malaysia.
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PMID:Beck Depression Inventory (BDI): a reliability and validity test in the Malaysian urological population. 1173 72

This double-blind, multicenter trial, carried out in general practice in Denmark, comprised 221 women and 70 men, aged 58 to 97 years, with major depression (with or without mild cognitive dysfunction) or dysthymia (DSM-III-R). Patients had a total score > or =13 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and a score > or =20 on the Mini Mental State Examination scale. The efficacy and tolerability of citalopram (20-40 mg daily) and amitriptyline (50-100 mg daily) were compared over 12 weeks. The participating general practitioners were trained at corating sessions in the use of the HDRS and Melancholia Scale (MES) prior to and during the study. The inter-observer reliability was assessed to investigate if general practitioners were able to use scales that measure the severity of depression. The two treatments were considered equally effective; the 90% confidence interval for the difference between the treatment groups in change from baseline to end-point in HDRS total score (-0.84 to +1.23) was within the predefined interval (-4 to +4). Significantly more patients on citalopram (50%) than on amitriptyline (31%) reported no adverse events at all (P = .001). Moreover, patients on amitriptyline reported adverse events significantly earlier and more frequently than patients on citalopram. The inter-observer reliability was highly satisfactory, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC-U) of .83 for the HDRS and .82 for the MES; however, the ICC-U for the Clinical Global Impressions was .54, indicating a poorer consensus in the investigators clinical judgment. Training in the use of the HDRS and MES scales improved the inter-observer reliability.
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PMID:Citalopram versus amitriptyline in elderly depressed patients with or without mild cognitive dysfunction: a danish multicentre trial in general practice. 1728 97

Poor inter-rater reliability (IRR) is an important methodological factor that may contribute to failed trials. The sheer number of raters at diverse sites in multicenter trials presents a formidable challenge in calibration. Videoconferencing allows for the evaluation of IRR of raters at diverse sites by enabling raters at different sites to each independently interview a common patient. This is a more rigorous test of IRR than passive rating of videotapes. To evaluate the potential impact of videoconferencing on IRR, we compared IRR obtained via videoconference to IRR obtained using face-to-face interviews. Four raters at three different locations were paired using all pair-wise combinations of raters. Using videoconferencing, each paired rater independently conducted an interview with the same patient, who was at a third, central location. Raters were blind to each others' scores. ICC from this cohort (n=22) was not significantly different from the ICC obtained by a cohort using two face-to-face interviews (n=21) (0.90 vs. 0.93, respectively) nor from a cohort using one face-to-face interview and one remote interview (n=21) (0.88). The mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores obtained were not significantly different. There appears to be no loss of signal using remote methods of calibration compared with traditional face-to-face methods.
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PMID:A comparison of face-to-face and remote assessment of inter-rater reliability on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale via videoconferencing. 1796 15

Assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia has great clinical importance. The aim of the study was validation of the Danish version of the NPI, using assessments of 72 demented and 29 non-demented of age 65+ years and their caregivers at three visits. The NPI was administered by the same psychiatric nurse interviewing the same caregiver. At visits 1 and 3, a psychogeriatrician assessed the participant using the ICD-10, the Geriatric Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) as well as the NPI in a visual analogue scale (VAS) version. These scores were blindly converted into scores equalling the frequency and severity of the NPI by one of the investigators. Data analysis comprised inter-rater reliabilities (intra-class coefficients, ICC); NPI scores and corresponding VAS scores were compared using Spearman's correlation coefficients. NPI scores at visits 1 and 2 were used to assess the test-retest reliabilities. The scalability of the NPI was assessed with Mokken and Loevinger coefficients. The ICC for all the NPI domains and the GDS (>0.80) were perfect, the ICC for the NPI-VAS (0.68-0.95) and the CGI (0.69) was satisfactory to perfect. Correlations between NPI and NPI-VAS were high; only two domains had coefficients below 0.60: depression and agitation/aggression. NPI-total scores increase with increasing severity of dementia. The NPI did not fulfil the scalability assessed by the Mokken and Loevinger coefficients. The NPI Danish version is valid and reliable in assessing neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia but not fully scalable. The use of single item scores and not total sum score is recommended.
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PMID:The Neuropsychiatric Inventory--NPI. Validation of the Danish version. 1903 Nov 52

The aim of the study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the fatigue severity scale (FSS) in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Sixty-one FM patients and 54 healthy controls were evaluated using the Turkish version of the FSS. Reliability was investigated using test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Concurrent validity was evaluated between the FSS score and the VAS fatigue. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing the FSS score with the scores of VAS pain, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate validity. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the FSS were excellent in FM patients (ICC: 0.94, Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.85) and in the healthy controls (ICC: 0.90, Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.91). For the concurrent validity, the correlation between the FSS and VAS fatigue was very good in FM group (r: 0.63, P: 0.000) and in the healthy controls (r: 0.94, P: 0.000). For the convergent validity, correlations between the FSS and BDI, BAI, FIQ, pain intensity were moderate to good in both groups (P: 0.000). The Turkish version of the FSS has been proved to be valid and reliable to detect severity of fatigue in FM patients. We recommend the use of it in clinical practice.
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PMID:Validation of the Turkish version of the fatigue severity scale in patients with fibromyalgia. 2065 35

Data from a trial of a 26-session structured group behavioral weight loss intervention were used to examine how group attendance, weight loss, and changes in depression clustered within therapy groups. Participants were recruited via a population-based survey of female health plan members aged 40 to 65. The sample included 143 women attending 13 therapy groups. Average number of sessions attended was 15.9 (st. dev. 7.2) and average weight loss over 12 months was 4.24 kg (st. dev. 7.79 kg). In hierarchical (random effects) linear models predicting attendance and weight loss, attendance did cluster significantly within therapy groups (F=2.83, df=12, p=.002; ICC = .14) but weight loss (F=0.89, df=12, p=.56; ICC = .00) and change in depressive symptoms (F=0.25, df=12, p=.99; ICC = .00) did not. Accounting for baseline characteristics of group participants had no significant effect on these findings. Relatively small average weight loss in this sample may have limited our ability to detect clustering of weight loss within groups. We conclude that clinicians should consider addressing the effects of drop-out on other group members and that researchers should consider the impact of clustering in analyses of data regarding group treatments.
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PMID:IS SUCCESS IN WEIGHT LOSS TREATMENT CONTAGIOUS (DO ATTENDANCE AND OUTCOMES CLUSTER WITHIN TREATMENT GROUPS)? 2105 67

The Dementia Signs and Symptoms (DSS) Scale documents non-cognitive signs and symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, depression, mania, and behavioral disturbances) in dementia. Patients, informants, and a clinical examiner rated signs and symptoms over the preceding month. Fifty-six Alzheimer's disease patients were administered the DSS, the BEHAVE-AD, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Young Mania Rating Scales, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale. DSS subscale scores correlated with corresponding scale scores, confirming construct validity. The DSS subscales were internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha, 0.3 7-0.75) and interrater reliability was high (ICC, 0.92-0.99).
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PMID:A new scale for comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in Alzheimer's disease. 2162 8


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