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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The utility of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, was explored in a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults at high or low risk for depression according to their parents' diagnosis. Proband parents were participants in the Yale Family Study of Major Depression who had children between the ages of 6 and 23 years. Diagnostic and self-report information on offspring was collected over two waves, spaced 2 years apart, from 1982 to 1986. Support was obtained for the reliability and validity of the CES-DC as a measure of depressive symptoms, especially for girls and for children and adolescents aged 12-18 years. Children with major depressive disorder or dysthymia, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III), had elevated scores in comparison with all other respondents. The CES-DC lacked diagnostic specificity; children with a range of current DSM-III diagnoses had elevated scores on the measure. A cutoff point of 15 and above for screening children and adolescents for current major depressive disorder or dysthymia may be optimal. Depressed respondents scoring below this cutoff point (false negatives) showed better social adjustment than true positives; nondepressed respondents scoring above this cutoff point (false positives) showed worse adjustment than true negatives. Factor analysis was used to construct an abbreviated, four-item version of the scale. The abbreviated scale was shown to be useful as a screen.
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PMID:Screening for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: validating the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children. 230 63

Very little is known about one of the most common mental health problems facing the homeless: high levels of depressive symptomatology. This paper explains variation in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D) for a random sample of 150 shelter- and street-based homeless persons in the Birmingham metropolitan area. Fifty-nine percent of the sample show the signs of "probable clinical caseness"; yet there is significant variation in the level of symptomatology. A modified version of the social resources model explains 31 percent of the variation in CES-D scores. Although psychological resources play an important role in the distress outcome, as predicted, social supports are found to have limited impact on depression. Life circumstances have significant direct effects on depression. Persons with previous histories of mental illness and with extensive life event histories are more susceptible to distress. Younger persons, the chronically homeless, the street-based homeless, the sick, and the less educated are also more likely to experience depression. This study suggests the importance of understanding homelessness both as a psychological condition and as a complex set of life circumstances and physical deprivations.
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PMID:Depression among the homeless. 231 79

The purpose of this report is to present data on the effects of language (English/Spanish) and ethnic status (white/non-Hispanic or Mexican origin) on the ability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale to detect cases of clinical depression and generalized anxiety identified using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) in psychiatric treatment settings. The agreement between the CES-D scale and the DIS diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was poor, especially among Mexican-origin patients interviewed in Spanish. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the CES-D scale was positively associated with MDD in all groups. In addition, GAD also was associated with the CES-D scale in Anglos and English-speaking Mexican-Americans but not in Spanish-speaking Mexican-Americans.
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PMID:Using the CES-D scale to screen for depression and anxiety: effects of language and ethnic status. 231 23

Perceptions of physical, general, and social self-efficacy were assessed in 200 residents of a retirement village. The subjects were administered the Depression Adjective Checklist (Lubin, 1967a) and the CES-D Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977) and were asked to rate their physical status (number of health problems, number of monthly physician visits, and health and activity levels). Pearson correlations suggested strong relationships between the self-efficacy measures and depressive symptomatology. Most important, physical self-efficacy was seen to be the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms, much stronger than the objective physical status variables.
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PMID:Physical self-efficacy, perceived physical status, and depressive symptomatology in older adults. 234 85

This article describes a cross-sectional study of the links between job-related stressors and depressive and psychophysiologic symptoms and morale in 67 New York City teachers. The teachers' mean score on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; M = 13.03) was higher than might be expected from average community residents. The teachers also tended to express dissatisfaction with their jobs. The CES-D and the Psychophysiologic Symptom Scale were correlated as highly as their reliabilities would permit, a finding consistent with the view that the CES-D and the Psychophysiologic Symptom Scale measure the same construct, nonspecific psychological distress. The correlational findings suggest that distress is distinct from job-related morale, which was indexed by measures of motivation to continue teaching and job satisfaction. The results of regression analyses, which controlled for sociodemographic factors, indicated that the level of job strain (frequency of ongoing stressors) is more closely related to psychological distress and low morale than episodic stressors, including crimes in which the teacher was victim. The regression analyses also indicated that colleague support was related to lower symptom levels and higher morale.
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PMID:Psychological distress in a sample of teachers. 234 12

Age differences on the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were examined for 4 age-cohort groups: 20-39 years (n = 548), 40-54 years (n = 218), 55-69 years (n = 352), and 70-98 years (n = 212). On total CES-D, there was a significant age effect and quadratic trend, with means for the middle aged least and those for the oldest most elevated. On 4 CES-D subscales--Depressed Mood, Psychomotor Retardation, Lack of Well-being (i.e., reverse-scored items), and Interpersonal Difficulties--the oldest group scored highest only on lack of well-being. Somatic symptoms of depression were not elevated. Young adults scored highest on depressed mood. Adults who are now old were not generally characterized by elevated self-reports of depressive symptoms; however, on items asking whether the respondent has a hopeful outlook, those aged 70 and older were more likely to endorse a lack of such positive feelings.
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PMID:Are old people more depressed? Cross-sectional data on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale factors. 237 94

As part of a longitudinal study of depression in adolescents, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to 550 students 3 times, at the beginning of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades. Blacks and females had higher scores than did whites and males. Scores of blacks and males declined more over the 3 year period than did those of females and whites. The stability of individual students' depression scores was less consistent than the overall distributions with 1 and 2 year correlations reaching only 0.53 and 0.36, respectively. The best predictor of subsequent year CES-D scores was the previous year's score. Undesirable life events and family adaptability were significant but less important predictors.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of depressive symptomatology in young adolescents. 238 92

The Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD) was administered to 177 American Indian adolescents attending a tribally administered boarding school. The psychometric properties in this population were studied and compared to those obtained when the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to a similar population. Analyses were performed on the scale items individually as well as on the continuous summary score and the dichotomous diagnosis. The internal consistency was very good (0.94 to 0.96). There were relatively few gender effects at the item level and none with respect to the diagnosis. IDD prevalence estimates of depression were much closer to the expected rates suggested by epidemiological studies than those generated by other self-report measures like the CES-D. These findings recommend the IDD for additional investigation in terms of its use with adolescent populations.
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PMID:Properties of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression in American Indian adolescents. 238 95

One hundred ninety-six older. White females were followed for 12 months after hip fracture. We examined the effects of persistently elevated depressive symptoms, measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale during a postsurgery interview and 2, 6, and 12 months later, on ambulation, overall physical function, and return to prefracture physical function 12 months after fracture. Age, prefracture physical function, and cognitive status were predictors of recovery. Controlling for these factors, persons consistently reporting few depressive symptoms were three times more likely than those with persistently elevated CES-D scores to achieve independence in walking, nine times more likely to return to prefracture levels in at least five of seven physical function measures, and nine times more likely to be in the highest quartile of overall physical function. These findings emphasize the importance of persistently elevated depressive symptoms for recovery. Routine screening, evaluation, and treatment of depression or depressed mood may be beneficial to the recovering hip fracture patient.
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PMID:The effects of persistent depressive symptoms on hip fracture recovery. 239 12

A survey of 141 (male 84, female 57) neurotics was carried out by using the center of epidemiological survey-depression scale, CES-D. The results showed that the depressive symptoms were very common and the prevalence of definite depressive symptoms was 85.8%. The mean of the total score based upon 20 items of CES-D was 2.7 times the mean of the total score in the Chinese normal population. The most common depressive symptoms were unhappy, low mood, sad and hollow feeling. In addition, the mean of the total score and certain individual item scores in depressive neurotics were higher than those in neurasthenia. It is suggested that CES-D may be useful to differentiate some subtypes of neurosis.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of CES-D in neurosis]. 259 40


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