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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New findings are presented from a survey of depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and suicidality among 4,157 adolescents attending school in six border cities in Texas and neighboring Tamaulipas, Mexico. Among the Texas youth, 48.08% scored above 16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale (CES-D); 21% reported illicit drug use in the past month; and 23.43% said they had thought about killing themselves during the past week. Rates were lower among the Mexican youth: 39.41% had high CES-D scores; 4.95% reported drug use and 11.57% reported current suicidal ideation. Multivariate models are presented to show the linkage between psychological distress, drug use, and suicidality in this sample of border youth.
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PMID:A binational school survey of depressive symptoms, drug use, and suicidal ideation. 164 30

A short, simple procedure for eliciting salient life events is reported in this article. Respondents from three-generation families were asked to list events that had had an impact on them and their families. Responses were examined for content, criterion, and construct validity. The 10 events listed by 10% of at least one generation were major life cycle markers: Six (marriage, childbirth, divorce, retirement, widowhood, and ill health) pertained to the individuals, and four (marriage, birth, divorce, and ill health) pertained to their extended family networks. The expected relationship between events and depression (CES-D) was observed: The importance of low frequency events was reflected in their relationship to depression in the middle-aged and youngest generations. The importance of network events was reflected both in their presence on the lists of all age groups, and in their relationship to depression in the youngest generation.
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PMID:Salient life events in three-generation families. 173 Aug 52

In the summer following graduation a sample of 125 female college graduates (mean age = 28) completed Cohen & Wills' ISEL (1985) which includes scales measuring four social support functions: belonging (social companionship), appraisal (availability of confidants), tangible (instrumental), and self-esteem support. In the summer and fall subject status on two outcome scales was ascertained: the Psychophysiologic Symptom Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Reliability of the difference scores suggested that the ISEL scales do not measure entirely different constructs and the ISEL Self-esteem Scale is operationally redundant with the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale and the CES-D. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that the ISEL scales were related to symptoms. By contrast, standard longitudinal and prospective MLR analyses indicated that only the Belonging Scale was significantly related to future symptoms. The issues of confounding support with symptoms and the dimensionality of the subscales were discussed. The study suggests that specific functions of support take on greater importance during major life transitions and that any one supportive behaviour often serves multiple functions.
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PMID:Dimensions of functional social support and psychological symptoms. 178 Mar 98

This article reports normative and psychometric data for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale when used with black South African students. Subjects were 450 undergraduate students in psychology. The reliability, validity, and factor structure of the scale were consistent with previously reported findings. The correlations of CES-Depression Scale scores with certain demographic variables are also reported.
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PMID:Cross-cultural application of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: a study of black South African students. 179 88

A sample of 61 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied to assess the interrelationship between depression, helplessness, functional abilities, pain intensity and duration of the disease. The following questionnaires were employed: Arthritis Helplessness Index (AHI), Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ). The pain intensity level was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Significant interrelationship of MHAQ with VAS and AHI was found as well as between AHI and CES-D and VAS and CES-D. A slight interrelationship between AHI and CES-D was also found. The results obtained from two groups of patients--one including patients with the disease lasting from 1 to 5, and the other extending over a period of 15 to 24 years--were compared. The second group manifested significantly greater difficulties in performing their everyday activities (MHAQ).
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PMID:Relationship of the functional status, duration of the disease and pain intensity and some psychological variables in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 180 98

Advanced age among the elderly has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for depression, yet extant data do not uniformly support this hypothesis. The paucity of sufficiently large and representative samples of both the young-old and old-old and the failure to control for critical variables known to confound the association between advanced age and depression have prevented testing this hypothesis. The Duke EPESE (Establishment of a Population for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly) assessed 3,998 community-dwelling elders (65+) for depressive symptoms using a modified version of the CES-D and relevant control variables. Depressive symptoms were associated in bivariate analysis with increased age, being female, lower income, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and social support. In a multiple regression analysis, the association of age and depressive symptoms reversed when the above confounding variables were simultaneously controlled. The oldest old suffered fewer depressive symptoms when factors associated with both increased age and depressive symptoms were taken into account. Because many of these factors can be prevented (such as decreased income, physical disability, and social support), the uncontrolled association between age and depressive symptoms can potentially be modified.
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PMID:The association of age and depression among the elderly: an epidemiologic exploration. 183 26

The performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screen for depression was explored in a two-stage epidemiological study of adolescents. The study consisted of a CES-D screening stage completed by a school sample of 2,465 young adolescents and a structured psychiatric interview stage completed by 332 mother-adolescent pairs. Adolescents with interview validated depression had elevated screening scores (mean = 31.10, SD = 11.30) compared with individuals with no disorder (mean = 21.01, SD = 11.77). Using receiver operating characteristic curves, a cut point of 12 for males produced the best overall screening characteristics (sensitivity = 0.85, specificity = 0.49), while for females, a cut point of 22 was optimal (sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.77).
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PMID:The CES-D as a screen for depression and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents. 189 99

Major depressive disorder is the most common diagnosis encountered in family practice, yet family physicians are relatively unlikely to make the diagnosis. This study compared physician ratings of depression with scores from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) questionnaire and with telephone interview diagnoses of depression using the 3rd revised edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) criteria for major depressive disorder in a population of 266 patients in community-based family practices. Additional assessments were made of health status, stress, social support, prescribed psychotropic medication, and counseling. The prevalence of positive questionnaire scores in this population was 22.6 percent, and the prevalence of major depressive disorder (based on telephone interview) was 8 percent. Physician ratings of depression were relatively inaccurate when compared with either CES-D scores or telephone interview diagnoses. Optimum specificity (80 percent) and sensitivity (50 percent) with telephone interview diagnoses were achieved when physicians rated the patient as having any depression versus having no depression. Physician ratings of depression were correlated with their assessment of patient stress, social support, and physical health but not with more objective measures of these variables. When compared with telephone interview diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of the CES-D scores were relatively poor, suggesting that the CES-D is not useful as a screening tool for unselected populations. Finally, we found that family physicians base their assessments of depression more on distress than on depressive symptoms. Certain physician myths, barriers, and biases may exist that preclude the effective diagnosis of depression.
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PMID:Recognizing depression: a comparison of family physician ratings, self-report, and interview measures. 192 87

The ability of two depression scales, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), to identify cases of DSM-III-R major depression and dysthymia was investigated in a large, community sample of high school students. Receiver operating characteristics analyses indicated that different caseness criteria should be used for boys and girls for both the CES-D and the BDI. Internal consistency-reliability and sensitivity and specificity for detecting current episodes of current depression and dysthymia were adequate and comparable to those found with adult samples, but both the CES-D and the BDI generated many false positives. Multiple screening using the "serial" strategy increased positive predictive power substantially for both the CES-D and the BDI, whereas using the "parallel" strategy had very little effect on the efficacy of the two screeners. The results indicate that neither the BDI nor the CES-D should be used by themselves as methods for case ascertainment in either epidemiological or experimental studies, although the BDI does function somewhat better than the CES-D as a screener.
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PMID:Screening for adolescent depression: a comparison of depression scales. 200 65

Antecedents of depressive tendencies at age 18 were longitudinally evaluated using data from nursery school through high school. Depression was measured by CES-D scores from which the contribution of self-reported anxiety was partialed. As early as age 7, boys who subsequently acknowledged dysthymia were aggressive, self-aggrandizing, and undercontrolled whereas girls with later depressive tendencies were intropunitive, oversocialized, and overcontrolling. Similar gender differences were observed in pre- and early adolescence. At age 14, dysthymic boys were more likely to use both marijuana and harder drugs whereas dysthymic girls showed no tendency to use marijuana but did show a marked tendency to experiment with hard drugs. These girls also displayed low self-esteem. Preschool IQ correlated positively with dysthymia in girls and negatively in boys. The psychodynamics of gender differences in depressive affect were discussed.
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PMID:Personality antecedents of depressive tendencies in 18-year-olds: a prospective study. 207 53


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