Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reversible myocardial depression, manifested by ventricular dilatation and decreased ejection fraction, is common in human septic shock. A proposed mechanism, based on animal studies, is myocardial ischemia resulting from inadequate coronary blood flow. Coronary flow observations have not been reported for human septic shock. To determine whether myocardial depression in human septic shock is associated with reduced coronary flow, thermodilution coronary sinus catheters were placed in seven patients with septic shock for measurements of coronary flow and myocardial metabolism. Four of the seven patients developed myocardial depression. These patients had coronary flow similar to or higher than that of control subjects and similar to that of the other three patients, who did not develop myocardial depression. None of the patients had net myocardial lactate production. In general, compared with values in control subjects, the oxygen content difference (arterial minus coronary sinus) was narrowed, and the fractional extraction of arterial oxygen was diminished. This pattern of disordered coronary autoregulation is analogous to the pattern of arteriovenous shunting in other organs in patients with septic shock. The preservation of coronary flow, the net myocardial lactate extraction, and the increased availability of oxygen to the myocardium argue against global ischemia as the cause of myocardial depression in human septic shock.
 ...
PMID:The coronary circulation in human septic shock. 394 66

Since elevation of plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) increases myocardial oxygen consumption without influencing mechanical performance in normal hearts, it was the purpose of this study to determine whether FFA would modify mechanical performance at limited oxygen supply. Left coronary blood flow was reduced by gradual clamping of a shunt from the left carotid artery until moderate ventricular dilatation supervened. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), its maximal rate of rise (dP/dt) and stroke volume (SV) were unchanged or slightly reduced. The ischemia resulted in a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) from 9.7+/-1.1 ml/min to 7.9+/-0.8 ml/min, and myocardial lactate uptake was reduced or reversed to excretion. Increasing the plasma concentrations of FFA from 359+/-47 muEq/1 to 3688+/-520 muEq/1 by intravenous infusion of a triglyceride emulsion and heparin resulted in further ventricular dilatation, accompanied by increased excretion of lactate. The ventricular decompensation and enhancement of anaerobic myocardial metabolism associated with increased uptake of FFA was not related to changes in coronary flow, MVO(2), or LVSP. dP/dt and SV were virtually unchanged. Intravenous infusion of glucose/insulin, which lowered plasma concentrations of FFA, reversed ventricular dilatation and lactate excretion. The data support the hypothesis that high concentrations of FFA play a significant role in increasing myocardial oxygen requirement and thereby promote depression of contractility of the hypoxic heart in experimental animals.
 ...
PMID:Effect of free fatty acids on myocardial function and metabolism in the ischemic dog heart. 503 25

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability of stress-induced ischemic lesion in patients with previous myocardial infarction using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) producing thallium-201 (T1-201) myocardial perfusion imagings (MPI). Seventy patients underwent stress SPECT by symptom-limited graded bicycle ergometer exercise using a dual-headed rotating gamma camera (Toshiba GCA70A) equipped with a computer system (GMS90). After intravenous administration of 2.5 mCi of T1-201, stress SPECT data at 10 minutes and delayed SPECT data at 3 hours after the injection were collected in the 64 X 64 matrix form covering 360 degrees directions by camera sweep of 180 degrees in 6 minutes, which were immediately followed by conventional planar imagings (PL). Transaxial tomographic image reconstruction was performed by convolution method using a Shepp-Logan's filter. Thereafter, sagittal and coronal tomographic images were reconstructed for about 2 minutes. Image interpretation was assessed visually. The results were as follows: Sensitivity and specificity in detecting the affected vessel with more than 75% stenosis by segmental analysis of myocardial images were higher by SPECT than by PL (LAD 89% and 65%, LCX 68% and 56%, RCA 89% and 76% in sensitivity and LAD 94% and LCX 75%, 92% and 94%, RCA 81% and 59% in specificity, respectively). Sensitivity in detecting both single (82%) and multivessel disease (76%) was fairly high. Detectability of stress-induced ischemia (i.e. occurrence of a new defect in patients with previous myocardial infarction and ST-segment depression in ECG) was significantly higher in SPECT (67%) than in PL (39%, p less than 0.005) and in ECG (39%, p less than 0.005). A perfusion defect in the extensive anterior wall, marked left ventricular dilatation and the widening of the angle toward the apex composed of septal and anterolateral walls in transaxial images were the findings characteristic of anterior myocardial infarction with severe dyskinesis. We conclude that stress SPECT is a useful noninvasive technique for the documentation of the number of vessels affected and severe wall motion abnormality of the LV and for the detection of stress-induced ischemia in previous myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:[Detectability of stress-induced ischemic lesion in previous myocardial infarction using 201T1 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography]. 633 58

In a naturally occurring model of congestive cardiomyopathy-round heart disease of turkeys, Ca2+ transport of isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum was evaluated at 1, 10, 28, and 56 days of age. Ca2+ binding in round heart disease birds was reduced to between 55% and 75% of values measured in age-matched commercial control turkeys (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Similarly, Ca2+ uptake in round heart disease birds was reduced to between 52% and 87% of values measured in age-matched commercial control turkeys (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01). Ca2+-stimulated ATPase values were similar in 1-, 10-, and 28-day-old round heart disease and commercial control turkeys. However at 56 days of age, when all round heart disease birds showed moderate to marked left ventricular dilatation. Ca2+-stimulated ATPase was reduced to 75% of control values (P less than 0.05). Depression of Ca2+ binding and Ca2+ uptake preceded the appearance of cardiac dilatation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of round heart disease. Depression of Ca2+-stimulated ATPase, present only after cardiac dilatation developed, appears to be secondary to cardiac failure. Sarcoplasmic reticulum function in round heart disease birds immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide treatment (40 mg . kg-1 . d-1 for the first 4 days of age) was evaluated at 10 days of age. This treatment increased Ca2+ binding by 73% (P less than 0.05), and Ca2+-uptake by 58% (P less than 0.01) over values measured in untreated round heart disease birds. Reversal of the altered Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum by early immunosuppression supports the hypothesis that the immune system plays an integral part in the development of the congestive cardiomyopathy of round heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Early alterations in the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum in a naturally occurring model of congestive cardiomyopathy. 645 87

This study set out to determine the pathophysiologic changes in the left ventricle during atrial pacing in 22 patients with coronary artery disease. Graduated right atrial pacing to a rate of 160 beats/min, or the induction of angina pectoris or significant ST depression was undertaken. Ventricular volumes were measured at rest and at rates of 100, 120, 140 and 160 beats/min using radionuclide angiography. The volumes at a pacing rate of 100 beats/min were used as a reference standard (100%). In the 22 patients with coronary artery disease, left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased from 118 +/- 3% at rest to 80 +/- 5% at a rate of 160 beats/min; stroke volume from 121 +/- 3% to 54 +/- 5%; and ejection fraction (EF) from 49 +/- 3% to 37 +/- 5%. End-systolic volume decreased from 118 +/- 4% at rest, reached its minimal value of 94 +/- 5% at a rate of 120 beats/min and then increased slightly to 106 +/- 9% at 160 beats/min. Cardiac output and blood pressure did not change significantly. Compared to the control group of 10 normal subjects, the patients had a significantly smaller decrease in end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume than in normal control subjects. EF in the normal subjects did not change. Blood pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume were similar in both groups. Atrial pacing tachycardia induced reversible ventricular dysfunction with a decrease in EF. Stroke volume was maintained because of relative ventricular dilatation.
 ...
PMID:Left ventricular volumes and function during atrial pacing in coronary artery disease: a radionuclide angiographic study. 669 79

To study right ventricular function, we performed cardiac catheterization, and right and left cineventriculograms in 60 chagasic patients and 15 non-chagasic, non-heart disease patients. Chagasic patients with normal electrocardiograms and left cineventriculograms also had normal right ventricular function. Nine of 14 chagasic patients with normal Ecg's and early left ventricular damage had right ventricular dilatation and/or segmental inferior-apical asynergy. Fourteen of 19 chagasic patients with abnormal Ecg's and advanced left ventricular damage, but without signs of congestive heart failure, and all chagasic patients with congestive heart failure, had marked right ventricular dilatation, severe right contractility depression and abnormal right apical or para-apical motion. These findings indicate that Chagas disease is a diffuse cardiomyopathy in which the left ventricle seems to be affected earlier and to a greater extent than the right ventricle. Since segmental abnormalities were predominantly observed in apical and para-apical areas of the ventricles, performance of right and left cineventriculograms is recommended before implantation of cardiac pacemakers.
 ...
PMID:Right ventricular function in Chagas disease. 684 Sep 1

To determine the effects of chronic constriction of the left coronary artery on the function and structure of the heart, coronary artery narrowing was surgically induced in rats and ventricular pump performance, extent and distribution of myocardial damage, and the hypertrophic and hyperplastic response of myocytes were examined. Alterations in cardiac hemodynamics were found in all rats, but the characteristics of the physiological properties of the heart allowed a separation of the animals into two groups which exhibited left ventricular dysfunction and failure, respectively. Left ventricular hypertrophy occurred in both groups and was characterized by ventricular dilatation and wall thinning which were more severe in the failing animals. Multiple foci of myocardial damage across the wall were seen in all animals but tissue injury was more prominent in the endomyocardium and in failing rats. The anatomical and hemodynamic changes resulted in a significant increase in diastolic wall stress which paralleled the depression in ventricular performance. Myocyte cell loss and myocyte cellular hypertrophy were more severe with ventricular failure than with dysfunction. Finally, diastolic overload appeared to be coupled with activation of the DNA synthetic machinery of myocytes and nuclear mitotic division. In conclusion, a fixed lesion of the left coronary artery leads to abnormalities in cardiac dynamics with marked increases in diastolic wall stress and extensive ventricular remodeling in spite of compensatory myocyte cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the remaining viable tissue.
 ...
PMID:Ventricular remodeling in global ischemia. 757 15

To investigate the etiological factors responsible for intellectual impairment and mood changes in patients with myotonic dystrophy (DM), we evaluated 14 patients with DM by means of neuropsychological evaluation and magnetic resonance images (MRI). There were significant differences between patients and controls in regard to the Barthel index, Zung's depression scale, attention, verbal fluency and digit span. All patients had ventricular enlargement and white matter abnormalities on MRI. However, the severity was variable and there was no difference in neuropsychological testing between patients with mild ventricular dilatation and those with severe dilatation. On the other hand, significant differences were present between patients with mild white matter lesions and those with severe white matter abnormalities in regard to verbal fluency and attention. Neuropathologic examination of an autopsied brain showed an increase in the interfascicular space of the white matter which produced pallor on myelin staining. The present findings suggested that the white matter abnormalities were the cause of cognitive impairment among patients with DM.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of the central nervous system in myotonic dystrophy. 770 77

Two-week-old broiler chickens were experimentally infected with either eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus or Highland J (HJ) virus. Mortality rates were 24/30 (80%) in EEE-virus-inoculated chickens and 2/30 (7%) in HJ-virus-inoculated chickens. Chickens inoculated with EEE virus exhibited severe depression and somnolence on days 1-6 postexposure (PE), with 17/30 birds dying during this period. After day 6 PE, EEE-virus-inoculated chickens exhibited abdominal distention, depression, and growth retardation, and an additional seven chickens died. Pathologic changes in EE-virus-inoculated chickens dying on days 1-6 PE consisted of multifocal necrosis in the heart and liver, as well as lymphoid depletion and necrosis in the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. Ascites, pericardial effusion, and right ventricular dilatation of the heart were the predominant lesions in chickens dying after day 6 PE. No clinical signs were observed in sham-inoculated controls or in most HJ-virus-inoculated chickens. Ascites, pericardial effusion, and multifocal myocardial necrosis were observed in 2/30 HJ-virus-inoculated chickens that died or were euthanatized after development of clinical signs. These findings indicate that both EEE virus and HJ virus are pathogenic for young chickens.
 ...
PMID:Experimental infection of young broiler chickens with eastern equine encephalitis virus and Highlands J virus. 783 11

Nine children in the age group of new born to 10 years were seen during the period October 1989 to January 1993 with varying manifestations of Myocarditis. This ranged from cardiogenic shock due to fulminant cardiac failure, recurrent wheezy episodes (mistakenly treated as bronchial asthma) bronchiolitis and rhythm disturbances. Clinical picture was collaborated by radiological evidence of cardiomegaly, ECG changes of low voltage QRS complexes with ST depression, T wave inversion or signs of left ventricular dilatation. SGOT, SGPT, CPK, LDH were elevated significantly in 7 cases. Echocardiographic changes ranged from left ventricular dilatation to global hypokinesia and mild mitral incompetence. Viral studies suggested infection with Coxsackie B1 in 4 cases, B4 in 2, B5 in 2 and Dengue 3 in 1 case. All the children recovered well with routine anti failure measures and treatment of arrhythmias and 2 children needed steroid therapy. At the end of follow up of 6 months to 1 year there has been complete reversal of ECHO changes to normal. Viral Myocarditis can manifest in varied ways in children and if treated adequately may lead to complete recovery.
 ...
PMID:Varied manifestations of viral myocarditis. 792 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>